the price of wages, are not nearly so frequent here as in other manufacturing districts." For an injury of manufactures to agriculture, see p. 360, aforegoing. POOR RATES.-P. 96. "The poor-rates in this county vary very much in the different parts of it. From the Abstract of the Returns made in the House of Commons, of the Expense of the Maintenance of the Poor in the year 1803,' it appears that the average of the different hundreds was as follows: The hundred of Blackheath, Average rate per Pound. £.0 7.41 042 05 31 Brixton, Copthorne, Effingham, 0 6 8 "The general average of the county in that year, was . 58. 8d.: the lowest rate was 8d. and the highest was 188. in the pound." TITHE.-P. 92. "The complaints of the farmers in this county, are as general as in the other parts of England, on the subject of tithes; not that there is more litigation or dispute between them and the tithe-holders than are to be found elsewhere. The objection to them is grounded on the rigid exaction in kind, or upon the instances that occur where they produce ill-will and expensive lawsuits. "It is the common opinion in Surrey, that a farm tithe free, is better worth 20s. per acre, than another farm, equally favoured in soil and situation, but which is tithed, is worth 138. This at first sight appears a disproportioned difference; but something more than the mere loss to the farmer, by his being obliged to pay tithe, must be taken into the account. He feels himself cramped in his exertions and improvements." Mr. S. enters on a discussion of this bare-worn subject. But not, I think, successfully. CANALS.-P. 557. "There is good reason to believe that Bb 3 the the first locks erected in this kingdom were those on the Wey Sir Richard Weston, of Sutton, near Guildford, brought this contrivance over with him from the Netherlands, between 1645 and 1650. Under his direction the plan for rendering the Wey navigable from Guildford to Weybridge was formed; a bill for that purpose was brought into Parliament in 1650, and passed in 1651; but the navigation was not carried into execution till towards the end of that century. In 1760 the navigation was extended to Godalming " P. 559."The Croydon Canal was first projected in 1800, and the Act obtained for it in 1801. According to the preamble of the Act, the reason for making this canal is, to open a communication for the cheap and ready conveyance of all kinds of commodities from the counties of Sussex, Surrey, and Kent, to the metropolis; and of coals, manure, and other articles, from thence into the country; and to supply the towns of Croydon, Streatham, Dulwich, Norwood, and Sydenham, with water. The canal is to run from near the town of Croydon, through the parishes of Croydon, Battersea, Camberwell, Deptford, and Rotherhithe, and of Beckenham and Lewisham, and the township of Sydenham, into the Grand Surrey Canal in Deptford parish. Mr. Rennie gave in two estimates: one on the plan of a canal, and boats carrying 25 tons burthen, which amounted to 64,100%.; the other on the plan of the boats being conveyed from one level to another by inclined planes, amounting to 46,5161. The former plan, though much more expensive, was preferred, and the canal is now completed as far as Norwood." PUBLIC RAILWAYS.-P. 553. "The iron rail-way that has lately been made between Wandsworth and Mestham, is the first instance of the application of this mode of forming roads for general use; the other rail-ways in the kingdom being confined to the carriage of goods belonging to individuals, and not open in the same manner as canals The Surrey rail-way was first projected and begun in 1802 and 1803: the part that runs from Wandsworth to Croydon was soon completed, and the success of the undertaking induced the proprietors to carry it on to Mestham." The subjoined remarks bear the semblance of good sense; and, when applied in a general way, may be just. If it should turn out that the railway, from Wandsworth to Mestham, will not pay, there can be few lines of communication, in this island, on which it would be prudent to construct public railways,-on the extravagant plan and scale, on which that of Croydon appears to have been formed. For, if various fossil productions, manures, corn, manufactures, manufactures, and fuel, are not able to support them, what else can there be to induce speculators to plan and execute them? P. 556. "Notwithstanding the advantages of iron railways with respect to facility and motion, this road does not appear to be much used, nor is it probable that railways will ever come into general use. The expense attending the formation of them, except where the ground is naturally level, is enormous; and it is evident that the advantages, and consequently the gain, are confined to carriage in one direction. The iron rail-way from Croydon to Wandsworth, lies in the neighbourhood of so many extensive manufactures, that it may possibly answer; but the division from Mestham to Croydon, running through a tract of country destitute of manufactures, and having only the lime, fullers'-earth, stone, and corn to depend upon at the further extremity, can never pay very well." SUBJECT THE THIRD. RURAL ECONOMY. ESTATES TENANTED ESTATES. STATES.-P. 73. "There are no very large estates in Surrey it is supposed, that the largest does not much exceed 10,000l. per annum; and there are but few which reach near to that annual rent. The yeomanry in Surrey are by no means so numerous as they are in the adjoining county of Kent; though in the western part of the county, round Guildford, and in some parts of the Weald, there are several gentlemen who farm their own estates, of from 200l. to 400l. per annum." TENURES.-P. 76. "The tenures in this county are principally freehold; there is not much copyhold. In the Weald of Surrey, Christ's church Hospital possesses a considerable estate. There is also, in different parts of the county, a good deal of land held under church leases." IRRIGATION. Nature, as has been intimated, has forbade an extensive use of this practice, in the County of Surrey. The chalk hills are mostly narrow, and throw out but a small, portion of calcareous water,-compared with those of Hampshire, Dorsetshire, and Wiltshire. Nor are there flat moory bottoms to receive it; as in those Counties; down which the copious streams flow leisurely, yet with sufficient descent to keep their currents alive. Bb 4 The the first locks erected in this kingdom were those on the Wey Sir Richard Weston, of Sutton, near Guildford, brought this contrivance over with him from the Netherlands, between 1645 and 1650. Under his direction the plan for rendering the Wey navigable from Guildford to Weybridge was formed; a bill for that purpose was brought into Parliament in 1650, and passed in 1651; but the navigation was not carried into execution till towards the end of that century. In 1760 the navigation was extended to Godalming " P. 559.The Croydon Canal was first projected in 1800, and the Act obtained for it in 1801. According to the preamble of the Act, the reason for making this canal is, to open a communication for the cheap and ready conveyance of all kinds of commodities from the counties of Sussex, Surrey, and Kent, to the metropolis; and of coals, manure, and other articles, from thence into the country; and to supply the towns of Croydon, Streatham, Dulwich, Norwood, and Sydenham, with water. The canal is to run from near the town of Croydon, through the parishes of Croydon, Battersea, Camberwell, Deptford, and Rotherhithe, and of Beckenham and Lewisham, and the township of Sydenham, into the Grand Surrey Canal in Deptford parish. Mr. Rennie gave in two estimates: one on the plan of a canal, and boats carrying 25 tons burthen, which amounted to 64,100%.; the other on the plan of the boats being conveyed from one level to another by inclined planes, amounting to 46,516. The former plan, though much more expensive, was preferred, and the canal is now completed as far as Norwood." PUBLIC RAILWAYS.-P. 553. "The iron rail-way that has lately been made between Wandsworth and Mestham, is the first instance of the application of this mode of forming roads for general use; the other rail-ways in the kingdom being confined to the carriage of goods belonging to individuals, and not open in the same manner as canals The Surrey rail-way was first projected and begun in 1802 and 1803: the part that runs from Wandsworth to Croydon was soon completed, and the success of the undertaking induced the proprietors to carry it on to Mestham.” The subjoined remarks bear the semblance of good sense; and, when applied in a general way, may be just. If it should turn out that the railway, from Wandsworth to Mestham, will not pay, there can be few lines of communication, in this island, on which it would be prudent to construct public railways,-on the extravagant plan and scale, on which that of Croydon appears to have been formed. For, if various fossil productions, manures, corn, manufactures, manufactures, and fuel, are not able to support them, what else can there be to induce speculators to plan and execute them? P. 556. Notwithstanding the advantages of iron railways with respect to facility and motion, this road does not appear to be much used, nor is it probable that railways will ever come into general use. The expense attending the formation of them, except where the ground is naturally level, is enormous; and it is evident that the advantages, and consequently the gain, are confined to carriage in one direction. The iron rail-way from Croydon to Wandsworth, lies in the neighbourhood of so many extensive manufactures, that it may possibly answer; but the division from Mestham to Croydon, running through a tract of country destitute of manufactures, and having only the lime, fullers'-earth, stone, and corn to depend upon at the further extremity, can never pay very well." SUBJECT THE THIRD. RURAL ECONOMY. TENANTED ESTATES. ESTATES.-P. ISTATES.-P. 73. "There are no very large estates in Surrey it is supposed, that the largest does not much exceed 10,000l. per annum; and there are but few which reach near to that annual rent. The yeomanry in Surrey are by no means so numerous as they are in the adjoining county of Kent; though in the western part of the county, round Guildford, and in some parts of the Weald, there are several gentlemen who farm their own estates, of from 200l. to 400l. per annum." TENURES.-P. 76. "The tenures in this county are principally freehold; there is not much copyhold. In the Weald of Surrey, Christ's church Hospital possesses a considerable estate. There is also, in different parts of the county, a good deal of land held under church leases." IRRIGATION. Nature, as has been intimated, has forbade an extensive use of this practice, in the County of Surrey. The chalk hills are mostly narrow, and throw out but a small, portion of calcareous water,-compared with those of Hampshire, Dorsetshire, and Wiltshire. Nor are there flat moory bottoms to receive it; as in those Counties; down which the copious streams flow leisurely, yet with sufficient descent to keep their currents alive. Bb 4 The |