Corporate Seal.

the view embraces the course of the river Eden, as it winds through a fertile and well cultivated tract of country. In 1818 and 1819, a subscription was begun for the relief of the poor, who by this means were employed in completing and forming various walks near the town; the most interesting of these is the promenade on the slope and summit of the hill on which the castle stands, a terrace-walk on the opposite bank of the Eden, and a raised walk along the south margin of that river. A subscription library was established here in the year 1768, and a news-room has also lately been added to it in January 1830, some ground was purchased opposite the Bush Inn, for the erection of a new subscription library and news-room, the foundations of which were soon afterwards laid. A commercial newsroom was opened in the year 1825; and an academy of arts, for the encouragement of native and other artists in sculpture, painting, modelling, &c., was instituted in the year 1823, in which annual exhibitions are held: a mechanics' institution was formed in the year 1824. The theatre, which is a building possessing no claim to architectural notice, was erected about fourteen years since; it is constantly open during the races, and at other times. The races were first established here about the middle of the last century, and the first King's plate was given in the year 1763; they continue so be held annually in the autumn upon a fine course called the Swifts, which is situated on the south side of the Eden, and they are generally very numerously and respectably attended.

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Obverse.

Reverse.

This city received its first charter from Richard I.; it was renewed by Edward III., and confirmed by Charles I. in 1637. The government is vested in a mayor, recorder, two bailiffs, or sheriffs, twelve aldermen, and twenty-four common council-men, assisted by a chamberlain, two coroners, a town-clerk, a sword-bearer, three serjeants at mace, and subordinate officers. The mayor is elected annually from among the aldermen, by a majority of the mayor, aldermen, bailiffs, and common council-men, on the Monday after Michaelmas-day, when the bailiffs and coroners are also chosen in like manner: the aldermen are chosen from the common council-men, by the mayor and aldermen; and vacancies in the common council are filled up from the freemen, by the court of aldermen. The mayor, recorder, and two senior aldermen are justices of the peace within the city, and hold a court of session quarterly for the trial of all but capital offenders; the mayor and bailiffs also hold a court of record every Monday, for the recovery of debts to any amount, and have the power of issuing process to hold to bail in actions for debt. A court is also held weekly on Monday, at which the mayor presides, for the recovery of debts under 40s. These courts are held in the town-hall, an inconsiderable structure in the centre of the town, near which are the moot-hall and council-chamber. There are eight fraternities, or companies, viz., Grocers, Tanners, Skinners, Butchers, Smiths, Weavers, Tailors, and Shoemakers, who have each their public room, all in the same building, called guilds, where they hold a general meeting annually on Ascension-day. The freedom of the city is inherited by birth, and acquired by an apprenticeship of seven years to a resident freeman, and by gift from the corporation. The assizes for the county are held regularly, and the Easter and Midsummer quarter sessions (the remaining two being held at Cockermouth and Penrith) take place in the new court-houses, erected in 1810 by act of parliament, at an expense of £100,000, from a design by Robert Smirke, jun., on the site of the ancient citadel that flanked the eastern gate: they consist of two large circular towers, one on each side of the entrance into the city, in the decorated style of English architecture, and contain two court-rooms, with apartments for the grand jury, counsel, and witnesses: one is appropriated to the Crown, and the other to the Nisi Prius bar. From the former is a subterraneous passage to the county gaol and house of correction, a noble building completed under the same act, in 1827, on the site of the ancient convent of the Black friars, at an expense of £42,000, and surrounded by a stone wall twenty-five feet high. The borough first exercised the elective franchise in the

The trade principally consists in the manufacture of cotton goods and ginghams for the West India market, in which upwards of one thousand looms are employed in the town, and a greater number in the adjacent villages there are ten gingham and check manufactories; nine cotton-spinning factories, employing eighty thousand spindles; a small mill for weaving calicoes; a carpet-manufactory; several hat-manufactories; three ironfoundries; four tan-yards; and four breweries: there are also several fisheries on the river Eden, for the regulation of which an act of parliament was passed in 1804. In 1819, a canal was begun from Carlisle to the Solway Frith at Bowness, a distance of eleven miles, and finished in 1823, at an expense of about £90,000, by means of which vessels of small burden can come up to the town. The number of vessels belonging to the port, in 1829, was forty, averaging sixty-seven tons' burden; these are chiefly employed in supplying the city and the neighbourhood with iron, slate, salt, and other merchandise, and in conveying grain, oak-bark, alabaster, freestone, lead, staves, &c., and other produce of the place, to different towns on the coast. A rail-road from Carlisle to Newcastle is about to be formed, the expense of which is estimated at £260,000. The market days are Wednesday and Saturday: fairs for cattle and horses are held on August 26th and September 19th; during their continuance all persons are free from arrest in the city. There are also fairs, or great markets, on the Saturday after Old Michaelmas-day, and on every Saturday following till Christmas; these fairs are held on the sands, near the bridge across the Eden. April there is a great show-fair for cattle, when prizes are distributed by the Agricultural Society. The Saturdays at Whitsuntide and Martinmas are great hiring days for servants.

In

23rd of Edward I., since which time it has regularly returned two members to parliament: the right of election is vested in the free burgesses who have been previously admitted members of one of the eight fraternities, whether resident or not, the number of whom is about one thousand; the mayor is the returning officer. The diocese of Carlisle originally formed part of the diocese of Lindisfarn; but the see being removed from that place to Durham, and considerable inconvenience being felt from the distance of Carlisle from that city, Henry I., in 1133, constituted it a distinct bishoprick, and appointed to the episcopal chair Athelwald his confessor, who was prior

Arms of the Bishoprick..

of a monastery of Augustine canons, founded here in the reign of William Rufus, by Walter, a Norman priest, and completed and endowed by this monarch. It comprises the whole of Cumberland, except the ward of Allerdale above Derwent, which forms part of the diocese of Chester, and the parish of Alston, which is in the diocese of Durham; and the county of Westmorland, except the barony of Kendal, which also forms part of the diocese of Chester; and contains one hundred and two parishes, throughout the whole of which the bishop, or his chancellor, exercises sole ecclesiastical jurisdiction, the powers of the archdeacon having been anciently resigned to him for an annual pension, in consequence of the smallness of the diocese rendering their concurrent jurisdiction inconvenient. The revenue of the priory, in the 26th of Henry VIII., was estimated at £ 482. 8. 1. This monarch dissolved the monastic establishment in 1540, and instituted a dean and chapter, composed of a dean, four prebendaries, and eight minor canons, and endowed this body with the whole, or the greater part, of the possessions of the dissolved priory, constituting the bishop, by the same charter, visitor of the chapter; he also appointed a subdeacon, four lay clerks, a grammar master, six choristers, a master of the choristers, and inferior officers. The advowson of the prebends has, since 1557, belonged to the bishop, who also has the patronage of the archdeaconry; the deanery is in the gift of the Crown.

The cathedral, dedicated to St. Mary, is a venerable structure, exhibiting different styles of architecture it was originally cruciform, but the western part was taken down, to furnish materials for the erection of a guard-house, in 1641; and during the interregnum, part of the nave and the conventual buildings was also pulled down for repairing the walls and the citadel; it has a square embattled central tower, and the east end is decorated with pinnacles rising above the roof. It consists of a choir, north and south transepts, and two remaining arches of the nave, walled in at the west end and used as a parish church: the choir is in the decorated style of English architecture, with large clustered columns enriched with foliage, and pointed arches with a variety of mouldings; the clerestory windows in the upper part are filled with rich tracery, and the east end has a lofty window of nine

lights, of exquisite workmanship, abounding in elegance of composition, and harmony of arrangement, which render it superior to any in the kingdom; the aisles are in the early English style, with sharply-pointed windows and slender-shafted pillars; the remaining portion of the nave and the south transept are of Norman architecture, having large massive columns and circular arches, being evidently the part built in the reign of William Rufus. There are monuments to the memory of some of the bishops, and one recently erected to that of Archdeacon Paley, who wrote some of his works whilst resident in this city, and who, with his two wives, was buried in the cathedral.

Carlisle stands within the two parishes of St. Mary and St. Cuthbert, both in the diocese, and locally in the archdeaconry, of Carlisle. St. Mary's includes the townships of Abbey-street, Castle-street, Fisher-street, Scotch-street, Caldew - gate, Ricker-gate, and Cummersdale; also the chapelry of Wreay, which is without the city, and in Cumberland ward. St. Cuthbert's includes the townships of Botchard-gate, Botchardby, Brisco, and English-street, within the city; and the townships of High Blackwell, Low Blackwell, Carleton, Harraby, and Upperby, without the city, and in Cumberland ward. The parochial church of St. Mary is part of the nave of the cathedral: the living is a perpetual curacy, endowed with £200 private benefaction, £600 royal bounty, and £1000 parliamentary grant, and in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter. The church, dedicated to St. Cuthbert, Bishop of Lindisfarn, is a plain edifice, rebuilt in the year 1778, at the expense of the inhabitants, upon the site of the ancient structure : the living is a perpetual curacy, endowed with £600 private benefaction, £1200 royal bounty, and £1000 parliamentary grant, and in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter. Two new churches, or chapels of ease, were completed in September 1830, at an expense of £13,212. 0. 10., of which £4030 was subscribed by the inhabitants, and the remainder granted by the parliamentary commissioners: the first stone of each was laid on September 26th, 1828; they are in the early style of English architecture, each having a tower surmounted by a spire. There are meeting-houses for Baptists, the Society of Friends, Independents, Wesleyan Methodists, and Presbyterians, besides a Roman Catholic chapel. The grammar school was founded by Henry VIII., on instituting the dean and chapter; the endowment is £190 per annum, of which the dean and chapter and the mayor and corporation contribute each £20 per annum; the remainder arises from an estate in the parish of Addingham, purchased in 1702, with a gift of £500 by Dr. Smyth, a former bishop: the management is vested in the Dean and Chapter. Dr. Thomas, Bishop of Rochester, left £1000 stock, directing the dividends to be applied to the benefit of two sons of clergymen, instructed here, and sent to Queen's College, Oxford. Dr. Thomas, Dr. Tully, and the Rev. J. D. Carlyle, a learned orientalist, received the rudiments of their education here; the last is interred in the church of St. Cuthbert. The girls' charity school, founded in 1717, is endowed with lands purchased with a donation of £40, by Mr. Nicholas Robinson, in 1719, and one of £320 by Mr. Samuel Howe, in 1722: the dean and chapter contribute £5, and the corporation £2 annually. A Lancasterian school was instituted in 1813,

and a National school in 1817: a female infant school was established in 1806. St. Patrick's day and Sunday school, for the instruction of children of all religious denominations, was erected in 1826, and is supported by subscription. Near the English gate are some almshouses for decayed freemen, or their widows. The dispensary, established in 1782; and the house of recovery from fever, erected in 1820, are supported by voluntary subscription. A savings bank was opened in 1818; and a general infirmary for the whole county is about to be erected: there are various benevolent societies and charitable donations. Near the city was an hospital, dedicated to St. Nicholas, founded prior to the 21st of Edward I., for thirteen leprous persons, which, at the dissolution, was assigned toward the endowment of the dean and chapter. In the city walls, near the castle, an ancient vaulted chamber, having a recess at each end, and accessible only by an opening through the wall, has been lately discovered; it is supposed to have been a reservoir, or fountain, in the time of the Romans. In the reign of William III., a Roman Triclinium with an arched roof still existed, and, from an inscription on its front which Camden read Marti Victori," is supposed to have been a temple in honour of Mars. A large altar was lately found, inscribed Deo Marti Belatucardro; and, a few years since, a Prefericulum, ten inches and a quarter high, having the handles ornamented in bas relief with figures sacrificing: the latter is now in the British Museum. In the castle yard is a bas relief of two figures hooded and mantled. Carlisle confers the title of earl on the family of Howard.

CARLTON, a parish in the hundred of WILLEY, county of BEDFORD, 11⁄2 mile (S.) from Harrold, containing 429 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, consolidated in 1769 with that of Chellington, in the archdeaconry of Bedford, and diocese of Lincoln, rated in the king's books at £15. 6. 8. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, contains a tablet on which is recorded the long incumbency of the Rev. Thomas Wills, who was minister of Carlton and Chellington three score and ten years. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. This parish was formerly much intermixed with that of Chellington, but, under an act of enclosure in 1801, a distinct boundary has been established.

CARLTON, a parish in the hundred of RADfield, county of CAMBRIDGE, 5 miles (S.) from Newmarket, containing, with the chapelry of Willingham, 363 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Ely, rated in the king's books at £9, and in the patronage of Lord Dacre. The church is dedicated to St. Peter. Sir Thomas Elliot, author of a Latin dictionary, and other works, resided here, and dying in 1546, was buried in the church.

CARLTON, a chapelry in the parish of MARKETBOSWORTH, hundred of SPARKENHOE, county of LEICESTER, 12 mile (N. by W.) from Market-Bosworth, containing 218 inhabitants. The chapel is dedicated to St. Mary. The Ashby de la Zouch canal crosses the south-west angle of this chapelry.

CARLTON, a hamlet in the parish of GEDLING, southern division of the wapentake of THURGARTON, county of NOTTINGHAM, 3 miles (E. N. E.) from Nottingham, containing 1345 inhabitants. There is a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. This is an ex

tensive hamlet; the inhabitants are chiefly employed in the manufacture of hosiery. It is in the honour of Tutbury, duchy of Lancaster, and within the jurisdiction of a court of pleas held at Tutbury every third Tuesday, for the recovery of debts under 40s.

CARLTON, a parish in the hundred of HOXNE, locally in that of Plomesgate, county of SUFFOLK, of a mile (N. by W.) from Saxmundham, containing 126 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, consolidated, in 1679, with the rectory of Kelsale, in the archdeaconry of Suffolk, and diocese of Norwich, rated in the king's books at £3. 11. 0., and in the patronage of the Rev. B. Bence. The church is dedicated to St. Peter.

CARLTON, a chapelry in the parish of HUSTHWAITE, within the liberty of ST. PETER of YORK, East riding, locally in the wapentake of Birdforth, North riding, of the county of YORK, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Easingwould, containing 169 inhabitants.

CARLTON, a township in the parish of COVERHAM, western division of the wapentake of HANG, North riding of the county of YORK, 42 miles (S. W. by W.) from Middleham, containing 280 inhabitants.

CARLTON, a township in the parish of RоTHWELL, lower division of the wapentake of AGBRIGG, West riding of the county of YORK, 4 miles (N.) from Wakefield, containing, with Lofthouse, 1396 inhabit

ants.

CARLTON, a township in the parish of GUISELEY, upper division of the wapentake of SKYRACK, West riding of the county of YORK, 2 miles (S. E.) from Otley, containing 158 inhabitants.

CARLTON, a township in the parish of ROYSTON, wapentake of STAINCROSS, West riding of the county of YORK, 3 miles (N.N.E.) from Barnesley, containing 326 inhabitants.

CARLTON (CASTLE), a parish in the Marsh division of the hundred of LOUTH-ESKE, parts of LINDSEY, county of LINCOLN, 62 miles (S.E. by S.) from Louth, containing 62 inhabitants. The living is a rectory not in charge, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Lincoln, endowed with £400 royal bounty, and in the patronage of John Forster, Esq. The church is dedicated to the Holy Cross. Here was once a populous market town, enjoying many privileges granted by Henry I.: there are three artificial mounts, each surrounded by a moat, on one of which was the baronial castle of Sir Hugh Bardolph.

CARLTON (EAST), comprising the united parishes of St. Mary and St. Peter the Apostle, in the hundred of HUMBLEYARD, county of NORFOLK, 43 miles (E.) from Wymondham, containing 262 inhabitants. The living of St. Mary's is a discharged rectory, rated in the king's books at £4, and in the patronage of the Corporation of Norwich: that of St. Peter's the Apostle is also a discharged rectory, rated in the king,s books at £6, and in the patronage of the Crown: the y are in the archdeaconry of Norfolk, and diocese of Norwich. The church of St. Peter was converted into a parsonage-house, and has subsequently fallen into ruins.

CARLTON (EAST), a parish in the hundred of CORBY, county of NORTHAMPTON, 3 miles (S.W. by W.) from Rockingham, containing 63 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, in the archdeaconry of Northampton, and diocese of Peterborough, rated in the king's books at

£12. 16. 3., and in the patronage of Sir J. H. Palmer, Bart. The church is dedicated to St. Peter. There are five almshouses in this parish, the inmates of which receive five shillings per week from the estate of Sir J. H. Palmer.

CARLTON (GREAT), a parish in the Marsh division of the hundred of LOUTH-ESKE, parts of LINDSEY, county of LINCOLN, 6 miles (E. S. E.) from Louth, containing 242 inhabitants. The living is a vicarage not in charge, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Lincoln, and in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln. The church is dedicated to St. John the Baptist. There is a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. A school was erected by Sir Edward Smith, Bart., in 1716, which is endowed with £20 per annum, besides an annuity of £10 given by Sir John Monson, on condition that the master should teach the poor children of Great and Little Carlton, Burton, Broxholm, and those of his tenants at Saxilby; four acres of land were also added on enclosing the lordship of Carlton Castle.

CARLTON in LINDRICK, a parish in the Hatfield division of the wapentake of BASSETLAW, County of NOTTINGHAM, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Worksop, containing 888 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, in the archdeaconry of Nottingham, and diocese of York, rated in the king's books at £15. 13. 4., and in the patronage of the Archbishop of York. The church, dedicated to St. John, is a large structure principally in the Norman style of architecture. This appears to have been a place of some importance before the Conquest, from the many vestiges of antiquity still visible. A considerable trade is carried on in malt, which is chiefly disposed of at Manchester and Stockport.

CARLTON (LITTLE), a parish in the Marsh division of the hundred of LOUTH-ESKE, parts of LINDSEY, county of LINCOLN, 6 miles (E.S. E.) from Louth, containing 114 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Lincoln, rated in the king's books at £5. 16. 10., and in the patronage of John Forster, Esq. The church is dedicated to St. Edith.

CARLTON le MOOR-LANDS, a parish in the lower division of the wapentake of BOOTHBY-GRAFFO, parts of KESTEVEN, county of LINCOLN, 10 miles (S.W. by W.) from Lincoln, containing 294 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, with that of Stapleford annexed, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Lincoln, rated in the king's books at £7. 0. 10., and in the patronage of Lord Middleton. The church is dedicated to St. Mary. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. The parish is bounded on the east by the river Brant, and on the west by the Witham.

CARLTON (NORTH), a parish in the wapentake of LAWRESS, parts of LINDSEY, county of LINCOLN, 4 miles (N.N.W.) from Lincoln, containing 171 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the peculiar jurisdiction of the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln, endowed with £400 royal bounty, and £200 parliamentary grant, and in the patronage of Lord Monson.

CARLTON (SOUTH), a parish in the wapentake of LAWRESS, parts of LINDSEY, county of LINCOLN, 3 miles (N.N. W.) from Lincoln, containing 194 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the peculiar jurisdiction of the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln, endowed with £400 royal bounty, and £200 parliament

ary grant, and in the patronage of Lord Monson. The family of Monson have endowed a school here, which is under their exclusive control.

CARLTON upon TRENT, a chapelry in the parish of NORWELL, northern division of the wapentake of THURGARTON, county of NOTTINGHAM, 63 miles (N.) from Newark, containing 287 inhabitants. At the distance of a quarter of a mile east of the village is a ferry over the Trent, which bounds the chapelry.

CARLTON-COLVILLE, a parish in the hundred of MUTFORD and LOTHINGLAND, county of SUFFOLK, 33 miles (S. W. by W.) from Lowestoft, containing 714 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, in the archdeaconry of Suffolk, and diocese of Norwich, rated in the king's books at £ 12. 10. 7., and in the patronage of the Rev. George Anguish. The church is dedicated to St. Peter. There is a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. This parish has the lake Lothing on the north, and the navigable river Waveney on the north-west.

CARLTON-CURLIEU, a parish in the hundred of GARTREE, county of LEICESTER, 71⁄2 miles (N. N. W.) from Market-Harborough, containing, with the chapelry of Illston on the Hill, 174 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, in the archdeaconry of Leicester, and diocese of Lincoln, rated in the king's books at £18. 15. 10., and in the patronage of Sir J. H. Palmer, Bart. The church is dedicated to St. Mary. The ancient manorhouse is curious, affording a specimen of the style of building in Queen Elizabeth's time.

CARLTON-ISLEBECK, or MINIOT, a chapelry in the parish of THIRSK, partly in the liberty of ST. PETER of YORK, East riding, and partly in the wapentake of BIRDFORTH, North riding of the county of YORK, 24 miles (W. by S.) from Thirsk, containing 221 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, with that of Sand-Hutton, in the archdeaconry of Cleveland, and diocese of York, endowed with £800 royal bounty, and in the patronage of the Archbishop of York.

CARLTON-RODE, a parish in the hundred of DEPWADE, County of NORFOLK, 24 miles (N. E. by E.) from New Buckenham, containing 869 inhabitants. The living is a discharged rectory, in the archdeaconry of Norfolk, and diocese of Norwich, rated in the king's books at £16, and in the patronage of Sir R. J. Buxton, Bart. The church is dedicated to All Saints: the tower was completed in 1502, and the whole was repaired and ornamented in 1717, at the expense of a few benefactors. There is a place of worship for Particular Baptists. This parish is said to take its distinguishing appellative from the existence of a remarkable rood, or cross, that stood in Rode-lane; but it is more probable that it was so called from its ancient lord, Walter de Rode, who lived in the reign of Henry III.: it is remarkable for a singular tenure, by which certain lands were held, namely, that the lord of the manor should carry to the king, in whatever part of England he might be, a hundred herrings in twenty-four pies, when they first came into season, which the town of Yarmouth was bound to supply, and send to the sheriffs of Norwich, who were to convey them to the lord of the manor: this custom was observed in the early part of the last century, by agreement between the sheriffs of Norwich and the lord of this manor, or his deputy. Here was a free chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, now in ruins.

CARLTON-SCROOP, a parish in the wapentake of LOVEDEN, parts of KESTEVEN, county of LINCOLN, 6 miles (N. N. E.) from Grantham, containing 148 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Lincoln, rated in the king's books at £13.1.5., and in the patronage of Earl Brownlow. The church is

dedicated to St. Nicholas.

CARNABY, a parish in the wapentake of DICKERING, East riding of the county of YORK, 3 miles (S. W. by W.) from Bridlington, containing 130 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, in the archdeaconry of the East riding, and diocese of York, rated in the king's books at £7. 8. 11., endowed with £200 royal bounty, and in the patronage of Sir W. Strickland, Bart. The church is dedicated to St. John the Baptist. CARNFORTH, a township in the parish of WARTON, hundred of LONSDALE, South of the sands, county palatine of LANCASTER, 6 miles (N. by E.) from Lancaster, containing 294 inhabitants. A dreadful fire, in 1810, destroyed twelve houses in the village, remains of which may still be seen.

CARPERBY, a township in the parish of AYSGARTH, western division of the wapentake of HANG, North riding of the county of YORK, 9 miles (W. by N.) from Middlewich, containing 283 inhabitants.

CARRINGTON, a chapelry in the parish of BowDON, hundred of BUCKLOW, county palatine of CHESTER, 5 miles (N. N. W.) from Altrincham, containing 531 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Chester, endowed with £1000 private benefaction, £1000 royal bounty, and £300 parliamentary grant, and in the patronage of the Earl of Stamford. The chapel, dedicated to St. George, was consecrated in 1759.

CARRINGTON, a parochial chapelry in the eastern division of the soke of BOLINGBROKE, parts of LINDSEY, County of LINCOLN, 11⁄2 mile (S.) from New Bolingbroke, containing 139 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, with Frith Ville and West Ville, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Lincoln. The chapel was consecrated in 1818. Carrington was formerly in the parish of Helpringham, but was constituted a parochial chapelry in 1812, by an act of parliament, on the occasion of a very extensive drainage of fen lands.

CARROCK, or CANNOCK, PASSAGE, a chapelry in the parish of ST. VEEP, hundred of WEST, county of CORNWALL, 1 mile (N. E.) from Fowey. The population is returned with the parish. The chapel, which was dedicated to St. Cannock, is now in ruins.

CARROW, a hamlet in the parish of WARDEN, north-western division of TINDALE ward, county of NORTHUMBERLAND, 84 miles (N. W.) from Hexham. The population is returned with the parish. It is stated to have been the Roman station Procolitia, garrisoned by the Cohors Prima Batavorum, on the line of Severus' military way; vestiges of the works are visible on an elevated situation, where two altars, now in the Durham library, have been found. About half a mile south-westward are traces of a square fort, now called Broomdykes.

CARSHALTON, a parish (formerly a market town) in the second division of the hundred of WALLINGTON, County of SURREY, 11 miles (S. S. W.) from London, containing 1775 inhabitants. In Domesdaybook this place is called Aulton, signifying Old Town,

and this name it retained until the reign of John, when it was called Cersalton, of which the present name is a variation. The village is pleasantly situated near Banstead Downs, on a dry and chalky soil: the river Wandle runs through the parish, and, being joined in its course by other streams issuing from springs in the neighbourhood, forms in the centre of the village a broad sheet of water, through which passes the public road, constructed by subscription among the inhabitants, at an expense of £700, and renewed by the same means in 1828, when a bridge was erected, which cost £500. The environs are pleasingly diversified with rural scenery, and contain numerous elegant mansions, inhabited principally by London merchants. Near the churchyard is a fine spring, called Queen Ann Boleyne's well, that queen, as it is said, having been gratified with the flavour of the water; it is arched over with stone, and kept in good repair. The trade has lately much declined: a calico-printing establishment, on a large scale, has been discontinued; but there are extensive bleaching-grounds, and, on the banks of the river, within the limits of the parish, are several mills for the manufacture of snuff, paper, flocks, and leather, besides three large flour-mills: there are also some limekilns. A branch from the Wandsworth and Croydon railway extends to Hack bridge, in this parish. The market, granted in the reign of Henry III., has long been discontinued; but a pleasure fair is held on the 1st and 2nd of July. Carshalton is within the jurisdiction of a court of requests held at Croydon, for the recovery of debts under £5: a court for the manor is occasionally held.

The living is a vicarage, in the archdeaconry of Surrey, and diocese of Winchester, rated in the king's books at £11. 12. 6., and in the patronage of John Cator, Esq.: the vicars have received the great tithes since 1726. The church, dedicated to All Saints, is an ancient structure, containing portions in the early and decorated styles of English architecture; the chancel, which is built of flint, appears to be the oldest part, to which the other parts, built of brick, have been subsequently added; the steeple is between the chancel and the nave.

The interior contains some ancient and interesting monuments belonging to the families of Fellowes and Scawen; and there are two brasses, representing Sir Nicholas Gaynesford and his lady, with a group of children. There is a Roman Catholic chapel connected with a seminary in the parish. A National school, for an unlimited number of children, is supported by subscription. Christopher Muschamp, Esq., in 1660, bequeathed £200, to be invested in the purchase of land, which now produces £25 per annum, for apprenticing poor children; and in 1726, Edward Fellowes, Esq. gave an annuity of £20, directing that half of it should be appropriated to the same purpose, and the remainder given to the poor, for whose benefit there are also some smaller bequests. A bronze figure of Cupid, about three inches and a half in height, and a brass bust of a man, both found in the river, were in 1794 exhibited to the Society of Antiquaries. Dr. Radcliffe, the munificent benefactor to the university of Oxford, resided here in the latter part of his life. Carshalton Grove has been stripped of its trees, and those beauties which once rendered it a source of considerable attraction have greatly faded.