Electro-thermal Methods of Iron and Steel Production: With an IntrodConstable, 1913 - 239 pages |
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Common terms and phrases
5-ton Furnace Albert Keller alloys amperes arc furnaces average bath Bessemer Bessemer converter bottom calcium carbide capacity carbon carbon electrodes castings cent charge Chemical coils coke cold scrap conducting hearth conductor construction cost crucible crucible steel cupola electric current electric furnace electric steel refining electrodes employed finished steel furnace and process gases Girod Furnace Grönwall Härden Heroult Furnace Hiorth hours per metric Improvements in electric induction furnace installed Iron and Steel Kjel Kjellin and Röchling-Rodenhauser Kjellin furnace La Praz ladle lime lining magnesite manganese manufacture Melting scrap metallurgical method molten metal obtained open-hearth oxide oxidising Patent phosphorus Physical Tests pig-iron power consumption raw materials reduced refractory material relating to electric Röchling Röchling-Rodenhauser furnace sectional elevation silicon single-phase slag Société sole-plates Stassano Furnace steel produced Steel Refining Furnaces sulphur TABLE tapping three-phase three-phase current tilting tons Trollhätten Turin type of furnace Ugine Unieux
Popular passages
Page 217 - Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is (d).
Page 207 - Invention, and in what Manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following Statement...
Page 216 - ... fitting in a longitudinal groove in the screw, so that the screwed part moves up and down without rotating ; and the spindle is prevented from rising bodily by the split collar V, which is screwed to the frame. The tool is attached to the drill spindle at Q, and the work is fastened to the table R, which can be raised or lowered by means of a rack and pinion worked from the handle S (Fig. 81). If the wormwheel be disconnected from it, the spindle H may be hand-driven by turning the wheel T. The...
Page 225 - S02 in the atmosphere of the electric furnace is smaller than in the open-hearth, the reaction takes place more easily. This is the reason why, as previously observed, the electric furnace in all other respects is inferior, as an instrument for oxidizing-refining, to the open-hearth.
Page 225 - How sensitive this reaction is with respect to temperature, is shown by the fact that without very accurate control of the temperature a rephosphorization of the metal has been found. Since in the reducing atmosphere, when carried on far enough, the partial pressure of oxygen is very low, the oxygen can be removed to a considerable extent from both phases] without disturbing the equilibrium at the contact surface, while the opposite would be the case with an open-hearth furnace. In fact, the amount...
Page 225 - ... and, with a little attention, considerably lower. The reaction by which this is performed is a true heterogeneous one and consequently does not come to an equilibrium in the original phase. FeO as a base of the silicates or as dissolved in the slag is freed from oxygen, and the metal joins the other phase. Manganese is practically removed from the slag in a similar way. Even silicon is partly reduced, when both the basicity of the slag and the temperature are high enough. The desulphurization...
Page 226 - When this condition of the bath has been attained, the electric furnace represents the nearest approach to the ideal heterogeneous equilibrium, between the different phases, which has hitherto been accomplished in large-scale metallurgy. The converter and openhearth are under the action of air and gas— the crucible metal takes...
Page 53 - Bessemer charge is blown about 1,500 pounds of scrap "hotter" than ordinary Bessemer practice. Immediately the ladle is received at the electric furnace it is picked up by the crane, slightly tilted, and the silicious slag is completely cleaned off by hand-rabbling. The metal is now ready for charging. To do this, the ladle is merely turned over on its trunions and the metal poured into a spout, through which it rushes to the furnace. This operation of cleaning off the slag and charging occupies...
Page 51 - ... way) is placed across the flat portion. The side walls of the furnace are vertical and consist of two rows of magnesite brick, laid the 9-inch way, giving a thickness of 18 inches of magnesite brick.
Page 224 - ... ferric oxide dissolved in the slag has been reduced to ferrous oxide, it partly acts directly on those parts of the metallic solution which come in immediate contact with it, and partly dissolves in the metal according to temperatures and coefficient of division of FeO between the two phases. If the slag is saturated with FeO, the latter can assume its full concentration in the metal bath according to the solubility curve given in 1906 by Prof.