Lindus

Lindo, the modern city, stands at the foot of the hill. A bay of considerable wideness and depth serves as a Linea. harbour to the city. Ships find good anchorage there in 20 fathoms water. They are safely sheltered from the south-west winds, which constantly prevail through the severest season of the year. In the beginning of winter, they cast anchor off a small village named Massary. Before the building of Rhodes, Lindus was the harbour which received the fleets of Egypt and Tyre. It was enriched by commerce. Mr Savary observes, that a judicious government, by taking advantage of its harbour and happy situation, might yet restore it to a flourishing state.

LINE, in Geometry, a quantity extended in length only, without any breadth or thickness. It is formed by the flux or motion of a point. See FLUXIONS, and GEOMETRY.

LINE, in the art of war, is understood of the disposition of an army ranged in order of battle, with the front extended as far as may be, that it may not be flanked.

LINE of Battle, is also understood of the disposition of a fleet in the day of engagement; on which occasion the vessels are usually drawn up as much as possible in a straight line, as well to gain and keep the advantage of the wind as to run the same board. See Naval TAC

TICS.

Horizontal LINE, in Geography and Astronomy, a line drawn parallel to the horizon of any part of the earth.

Equinoctial LINE, in Geography, is a great circle on the earth's surface, exactly at the distance of 90° from each of the poles, and of consequence bisecting the earth in that part. From this imaginary line, the degrees of longitude and latitude are counted.-In astronomy, the equinoctial line is that circle which the sun seems to describe round the earth on the days of the equinox in March and September. See ASTRONOMY and GEOGRAPHY.

Meridian LINE, is an imaginary circle drawn through the two poles of the earth and any part of its surface. See GEOGRAPHY Index.

Ship of the LINE, a vessel large enough to be drawn up in the line, and to have a place in a seafight.

LINE, in Genealogy, a series or succession of relations in various degrees, all descending from the same common father. See DESCENT.

LINE, also denotes a French measure containing the 12th part of an inch, or the 144th part of a foot. Geometricians conceive the line subdivided into six points. The French line answers to the English barley

corn.

Fishing LINE. See FISHING Line.

LINES, in Heraldry, the figures used in armories to divide the shield into different parts, and to compose different figures. These lines, according to their dif ferent forms and names, give denomination to the pieces or figures which they form, except the straight or plain lines. See HERALDRY.

LINEA ALBA, in Anatomy, the concourse of the tendons of the oblique and transverse muscles of the abdomen; dividing the abdomen in two, in the middle. It is called linea, line, as being straight; and alba, from its colour, which is white.The linca alba receives a

twig of a nerve from the intercostals in each of its digitations or indentings, which are visible to the eye, in lean persons especially.

LINEAMENT, among painters, is used for the outlines of a face.

LINEAR NUMBERS, in Mathematics, such as have relation to length only; such is a number which represents one side of a plain figure. If the plain figure be a square, the linear figure is called a root.

LINEAR Problem; that which may be solved geometrically by the intersection of two right lines. This is called a simple problem, and is capable but of one solution.

LINEN, in commerce, a well known kind of cloth, chiefly made of flax.-Linen was not worn by the Jews, Greeks, or Romans, as any part of their ordinary dress. Under-tunics of a finer texture supplied the place of shirts: Hence the occasion for frequent bathing. Alexander Severus was the first emperor who wore a shirt: but the use of so necessary a garment did not become common till long after him.

The linen manufacture was probably introduced into Britain with the first settlement of the Romans. The flax was certainly first planted by that nation in the British soil. The plant itself indeed appears to have been originally a native of the east. The woollendrapery would naturally be prior in its origin to the linen; and the fibrous plants from which the threads of the latter are produced, seem to have been first noticed and worked by the inhabitants of Egypt. In Egypt, indeed, the linen manufacture appears to have been very early: for even in Joseph's time it had risen to a considerable height. considerable height. From the Egyptians the knowledge of it proceeded probably to the Greeks, and from them to the Romans. Éven at this day the flax is imported among us from the eastern nations; the western kind being merely a degenerate species of it.

In order to succeed in the linen manufacture, one set of people should be confined to the ploughing and preparing the soil, sowing and covering the seed, to the weeding, pulling, rippling, and taking care of the new seed, and watering and dressing the flax till it is lodged at home: others should be concerned in the drying, breaking, scutching, and heckling the flax, to fit it for the spinners; and others in spinning and recling it, to fit it for the weaver: others should be concerned in taking due care of the weaving, bleaching, beetling, and finishing the cloth for the market. It is reasonable to believe, that if these several branches of the manufacture were carried on by distinct dealers in Scotland and Ireland, where our home-made linens are manufactured, the several parts would be better executed, and the whole would be afforded cheaper, and with greater profit.

Staining of LINEN. Linen receives a black colour with much more difficulty than woollen or cotton. The black struck on linen with common vitriol and galls, or logwood, is very perishable, and soon washes out.-Instead of the vitriol, a solution of iron in scur strong beer is to be made use of. This is well known to all the calicoprinters; and by the use of this, which they call their iron-liquor, and madder root, are the blacks and purples made which we see on the common printed linens.

The

Linen The method of making this iron liquor is as follows: # A quantity of iron is put into the sour strong beer; Linlithgow, and, to promote the dissolution of the metal, the whole is occasionally well stirred, the liquor occasionally drawn off, and the rust beat from the iron, after which the liquor is poured on again. A length of time is required to make the impregnation perfect; the solution being reckoned unfit for use till it has stood at least a twelvemonth. This solution stains the linen of a yellow, and different shades of buff-colour; and is the only known substance by which these colours can be fixed in linen. The cloth stained deep with the iron-liquor, and afterwards boiled with madder, without any other addition, becomes of the dark colour which we see on printed linens and cottons; which, if not a perfect black, has a very near resemblance to it. Others are stained paler with the same liquor diluted with water, and come out purple.

Linen may also be stained of a durable purple by means of solution of gold in aqua regia. The solution for this purpose should be as fully saturated as possible; it should be diluted with three times its quantity of water; and if the colour is required deep, the piece, when dry, must be repeatedly moistened with it. The colour does not take place till a considerable time, sometimes several days, after the liquor has been applied to hasten its appearance, the subject should be exposed to the sun and free air, and occasionally removed to a moist place, or moistened with water. When solution of gold in aqua regia is soaked up in linen cloths, the metal may be recovered by drying and burning them.

LINEN flowered with Gold-leaf. Dr Lewis mentions a manufacture established in London for embellishing linen with flowers and ornaments of gold-leaf. The linen, he says, looks whiter than most of the printed linens; the gold is extremely beautiful, and bears washing well. The doctor informs us, that he had seen a piece which he was credibly informed had been washed three or four times, with only the same precautions which are used for the finer printed linens; and on which the gold continued entire, and of great beauty. Concerning the process used in this manufacture, he gives us no particulars.

Fossile LINEN, is a kind of amianthus, which consists of flexible, parallel, soft fibres, and which has been celebrated for the use to which it has been applied, of being woven, and forming an incombustible cloth. Paper also, and wicks for lamps, have been made of it. See AMIANTHUS, ASBESTOS, and MINERALOGY Index. LING, a species of fish belonging to the genus Gadus, which see in ICHTHYOLOGY Index.

LINGEN, a strong town of Germany, in the cirsle of Westphalia, and capital of a county of the same name. It belongs to the king of Prussia; and is situ ated on the river Embs, in E. Long. 7. 30. N. Lat. 52.32.

LINIMENT, in Pharmacy, a composition of a consistence somewhat thinner than an unguent, and thicker than an oil. See MATERIA MEDICA Index.

LINLITHGOW, the chief town of West Lothian in Scotland. It is supposed to be the Lindum of Ptolemy; and to take its name from its situation on a lake, which the word Lin or Lyn signifies.-It is distant 16 miles from Edinburgh, and is a royal borough and seat

of a presbytery. Here is carried on a considerable trade Linlithin dressing of white leather, which is sent abroad to be gow, manufactured; and many hands are employed in dressing Linlithof flax; also in wool-combing, the wool for which is gowshire. brought from the borders. Its port, was formerly Blackness; but since the decline of that place, Borrowstounness, about two miles distant from Linlithgow. The town consists of one open street, from whence lanes are detached on both sides; the houses are built of stone, tolerably neat and commodious; and the place is adorned with some stately public edifices. The palace, built, as Sibbald supposed, on the seat of a Roman station, forms a square with towers at the corners, and stands on a gentle eminence, with the beautiful loch behind it to the west. It was one of the noblest of the royal residences; and was greatly ornamented by James V. and VI. Within the palace is a handsome square; one side of which is more modern than the others, having been built by James VI. and kept in good repair till 1746, when it was accidentally damaged by the king's forces making fires on the hearths, by which means the joists were burnt. A stone ornamented fountain in the middle of the court was destroyed at the same time. The other sides of the square are more ancient. In one is a room ninety-five feet long, thirty feet six inches wide, and thirty-three high. At one end is a gallery with three arches, perhaps for music. Narrow galleries run quite round the old part, to preserve communication with the rooms; in one of which the unfortunate Mary Stuart first saw light. On the north side of the high street, on an eminence east of the palace, stands St Michael's church; a handsome structure, where James V. intended to have crected a throne and twelve stalls for the sovereign and knights of the order of St Andrew. In the market-place is another fountain, and surmounted like the former with an imperial crown. In one of the streets is shown the gallery where the regent Murray was shot. Here was a house of Carmelites, founded by the towns people in 1290, destroyed by the Reformers 1559. The family of Livingston, who took the title of earl from this place, were hereditary keepers of the palace, as also bailiffs of the king's bailifry, and constables of Blackness castle; but by their concern in the rebellion of 1715 all these honours with their estate were forfeited to the crown. Sir James Livingston, son of the first earl by marriage with a daughter of Callendar, was created earl of Callendar by Charles I. 1641, which title sunk into the other. Population, in 1811, 4022.

LINLITHGOWSHIRE, or WEST LOTHIAN, nearly approaches in form to a parallelogram, about 20 miles long from east to west, and from 10 to 13 broad, from north to south. It is bounded by the river Forth on the north; by the river Amond on the southeast; by Lanarkshire on the south-west, and by the river Avon on the west. It is allowed to be one of the richest counties in Scotland, the soil in general being a rich loam, in a high state of cultivation and improvement. Its surface is diversified by gentle swells and fertile plains; and the number of clegant seats almost everywhere to be met with, gives it both a rich and delightful appearance. The whole is a composition of all that is great and beautiful; towns, villages, seats, and ancient towers, decorate each bank of that fine expanse of water, the frith of Forth. The lofty moun

Linlith- tains of the Highlands form a distant, but august gowshire, boundary towards the north-west; and the eastern view Linnæus. is enlivened with ships perpetually appearing or vanishing, amidst the numerous islands. Hopetoun-house, Barnbougle-castle, Calder-house, Craigie-hall, and the -seat of General Dundas, are some of the principal ornaments of this county. It contains two royal boroughs, Linlithgow and Queensferry, besides the towns of Borrowstounness, Bathgate, and Kirklistoun. It is poorly supplied with running water, the Avon and Amond being the only streams which are deserving of notice. There are many valuable minerals found in it in abundance, such as coal, limestone, and some lead ore. In the reign of James VI. a vein of lead was discovered, so rich in silver, that it was thought worthy of being wrought for the sake of that metal alone. Almost every parish abounds with ironstone, which is extensively wrought in the parish of Bathgate. In many places there are appearances of whinstone or basalt, particularly at Dundas-hill, in the parish of Dalmeny, where there is a solid front of basaltic rock, exhibiting in some places regular columns. The population of this county in 1801 amounted to 17,844, and in 1811 19,451. The following is the population of the parishes according to the Statistical History.

LINNÆUS, SIR CHARLES, a celebrated botanist and natural historian, was born on May 24. 1707, in a village called Roeshult in Smaland, where his father, Nicholas Linnæus, was then vicar, but afterwards preferred to the curacy of Stenbrohult. We are told, that on the farm where Linnæus was born, there yet stands a large lime tree, from which his ancestors took the surnames of Tiliander, Lindelius, and Linnæus; and that this origin of surnames, taken from natural objects, is not uncommon in Sweden.

Polar Star. His honours did not terminate here for Li in 1757 he was ennobled; and in 1776 the king of Sweden accepted the resignation of his office, and re- Fro warded his declining years by doubling his pension, and by a liberal donation of landed property settled on him and his family.

Pul Gen

Life

It seems probable, that Linnæus's taste for the stu-r dy of nature was caught from the example of his father; who, as he has himself informed us, cultivated, as his first amusement, a garden plentifully stored with plants. Young Linnæus soon became acquainted with these, as well as with the indigenous ones of his neighbourhood. Yet, from the straitness of his father's income, our young naturalist was on the point of being destined to a mechanical employment; fortunately, however, this design was overruled. In 1717 he was sent to school at Wexsio; where, as his opportunities were enlarged, his progress in all his favourite pursuits was proportionably extended. At this early period he paid attention to other branches of natural history, particularly to the knowledge of insects.

The first part of his academical education Linnæus received under Professor Stobæus, at Lund, in Scania, who favoured his inclinations to the study of natural history. After a residence of about a year, he removed in 1728 to Upsal. Here he soon contracted a close friendship with Artedi, a native of the province of Angermania, who had already been four years a student in that university, and, like himself, had a strong bent to the study of natural history in general, but particularly to ichthyology. Soon after his residence at Upsal, our author was also happy enough to obtain the favour of several gentlemen of established character in literature. He was in a particular manner encouraged in the pursuit of his studies by the patronage of Dr Olaus Celsius, at that time professor of divinity, and the restorer of natural history in Sweden; who, being struck with the diligence of Linnæus in describing the plants of the Upsal garden, and his extensive knowledge of their names, not only patronized him in a general way, but admitted him to his house, his table, and his library. Under such encouragement it is not strange that our author made a rapid progress, both in his studies and the esteem of the professors: in fact, we have a very striking proof of his merit and attainments; since we find, that, after only two years residence, he was thought sufficiently qualified to give lectures occasionally from the botanic chair, in the room of Professor Rudbeck.

In the year 1731, the Royal Academy of Sciences at Upsal having for some time meditated the design of improving the natural history of Sweden, at the instance particularly of Professors Celsius and Rudbeck, deputed Linnæus to make the tour of Lapland, with the sole view of exploring the natural history of that arctic region; to which undertaking, his reputation, already high as a naturalist, and the strength of his constitution, equally recommended him. He left Upsal the 13th of May, and took his route to Gevalia or Gevels, the principal town of Gestricia, 45 miles distant from Upsal. Hence he travelled through Helsingland into Medalpadia, where he made an excur sion, and ascended a remarkable mountain before he reached Hudwickswald, the chief town of Helsingland. From hence he went through Angermanland to Her

nosand,

Linnæus. nosand, a sea-port on the Bothnic gulf, 70 miles distant from Hudwickswald. When he had proceeded thus far, he found it proper to retard his journey, as the spring was not sufficiently advanced; and took this opportunity of visiting those remarkable caverns on the summit of Mount Skula, though at the hazard of his life.

When Linnæus arrived at Uma, in West Bothnia, about 96 miles from Hernosand, he quitted the public road, and took his course through the woods westward, in order first to traverse the most southern parts of Lapland. Being now come to the country that was more particularly the object of his inquiries, equally a stranger to the language and to the manners of the people, and without any associate, he committed himself to the hospitality of the inhabitants, and never failed to experience it fully. He speaks in several places, with peculiar satisfaction, of the innocence and simplicity of their lives, and their freedom from diseases. In this excursion he reached the mountains towards Norway; and after encountering great hardships, returned into West Bothnia, quite exhausted with fatigue. Our traveller next visited Pitha and Lula, upon the gulf of Bothnia; from which latter place he took again a western route, by proceeding up the river of that name, and visited the ruins of the temple of Jockmock in Lula Lapland or Lap Mark: thence he traversed what is called the Lapland Desert, destitute of all villages, cultivation, roads, or any conveniences; inhabited only by a few straggling people, originally descended from the Finlanders, and who settled in this country in remote ages, being entirely a distinct people from the Laplanders. In this district he ascended a noted mountain called Wallevari; in speaking of which he has given us a pleasant relation of his finding a singular and beautiful new plant (Andromeda tetragona) when travelling within the arctic circle with the sun in his view at midnight, in search of a Lapland hut. From hence he crossed the Lapland Alps into Finmark, and traversed the shores of the North sea as far as Sallero.

These journeys from Lula and Pitha on the BothRian gulf, to the north shore, were made on foot; and our traveller was attended by two Laplanders, one his interpreter, and the other his guide. He tells us that the vigour and strength of these two men, both old, and sufficiently loaded with his baggage, excited his admiration since they appeared quite unhurt by their labour, while he himself, although young and robust, was frequently quite exhausted. In this journey he was wont to sleep under the boat with which they forded the rivers, as a defence against rain, and the gnats, which in the Lapland summer are not less teasing than in the torrid zones. In descending one of these rivers, he narrowly escaped perishing by the oversetting of the boat, and lost many of the natural productions which he had collected.

Linnæus thus spent the greater part of the summer in examining this arctic region, and those mountains on which, four years afterwards, the French philoso phers secured immortal fame to Sir Isaac Newton. At length, after having suffered incredible fatigues and hardships, in climbing precipices, passing rivers in miserable boats, suffering repeated vicissitudes of extreme heat and cold, and not unfrequently hunger and thirst, VOL. XII. Part I.

he returned to Tornea in September. He did not take the same route from Tornea as when he came into Lapland, having determined to visit and examine the country on the eastern side of the Bothnian gulf: his first stage, therefore was to Ula in East Bothnia; from thence to Oid and New Carlebay, 84 miles south from Ula. He continued his route through Wasa, Christianstadt, and Biorneburgh, to Abo, a small university in Finland. Winter was now setting in apace; he therefore crossed the gulf by the island of Aland, and arrived at Upsal in November, after having performed, and that mostly on foot, a journey of ten degrees of latitude in extent, exclusively of those deviations which such a design rendered necessary.

In 1733 he visited and examined the several mines in Sweden; and made himself so well acquainted with mineralogy and the docimastic art, that we find he was sufficiently qualified to give lectures on these subjects upon his return to the university. The outlines of his system on mineralogy appeared in the early editions of the Systema Natura; but he did not exemplify the whole until the year 1768.

In the year 1734 Linnæus was sent by Baron Reuterholm, governor of Dalecarlia, with several other naturalists in that province, to investigate the natural productions of that part of the Swedish dominions; and it was in this journey that our author first laid the plan of an excellent institution, which was afterwards executed, in a certain degree at least, by himself, with the assistance of many of his pupils, and the result published under the title of Pan Succicus, in the second volume of the Amanitates Academicæ.

After the completion of this expedition, it appears that Linnæus resided for a time at Fahlun, the principal town in Dalecarlia; where he tells us that he taught mineralogy and the docimastic art, and practised physic; and where he was very hospitably treated by Dr More, the physician of the place. It also appears, that he contracted at this time an intimacy with one of that gentleman's daughters, whom he married about five years afterwards upon his settling as a physician at Stockholm.-In this journey he extended his travels quite across the Dalecarlian Alps into Norway; but we have no particular account of his discoveries in that kingdom. In 1735 Linnæus travelled over many other parts of Sweden, some parts of Denmark and Germany, and fixed in Holland, where he chiefly resided until his return to Stockholm, about the year 1739. In 1735, the year in which he took the degree of M. D. he published the first sketch of his Systema Nature, in a very compendious way, and in the form of tables only, in 12 pages in folio. By this it appears that he had at a very early period of his life (certainly before he was 24 years old), laid the basis of that great structure which he afterwards raised, not only to the increase of his own fame, but to that of natural science.

In 1736, Linnæus came into England, and visited Dr Dillenius, the learned professor at Oxford, whom he justly considered as one of the first botanists in Europe. He mentions with particular respect the civilities he received from him, and the privileges he gave him of inspecting his own and the Sherardian collections of plants. It is needless to say, that he visited Dr Martyn, Mr Rand, and Mr Miller, and E +

that

Linnaeus. that he was in a more singular manner indebted to the friendship of Dr Isaac Lawson. He also contracted an intimate friendship with Mr Peter Collinson, which was reciprocally increased by a multitude of good offices, and continued to the last without any diminution. Dr Boerhaave had furnished him with letters to our great naturalist Sir Hans Sloane; but, it is with regret that we must observe, they did not procure him the reception which the warmth of his recommendation seemed to claim.

One of the most agreeable circumstances that happened to Linnaeus during his residence in Holland, arose from the patronage of Mr Clifford, in whose house he lived a considerable part of his time, being now as it were the child of fortune :-Exivi patriâ triginta sex nummis aureis dives—are his own words. With Mr Clifford, however, he enjoyed pleasures and privileges scarcely at that time to be met with elsewhere in the world; that of a garden excellently stored with the finest exotics, and a library furnished with almost every botanic author of note. How happy he found himself in this situation, those only who have felt the same kind of ardour can conceive. Whilst in Holland, our author was recommended by Boerhaave to fill the place, then vacant, of physician to the Dutch settlement at Surinam; but he declined it on account of his having been educated in so opposite a climate.

Besides being favoured with the particular patron age and friendship of Boerhaave and Mr Clifford, as is above mentioned, our author had also the pleasure of being contemporary with, and of reckoning among the number of his friends, many other learned persons who have since proved ornaments to their profession, and whose merit has most deservedly raised them to fame and honour. Among these we may properly mention Dr John Burman, professor of botany at Amsterdam, whose name and family are well known in the republic of letters, and to whom our author dedicated his Bibliotheca Botanica, having been greatly assisted in compiling that work by the free access he had to that gentleman's excellent library; John Frederick Gronovius of Leyden, editor of Clayton's Flora Virginica, and who very early adopted Linnæus's system, Baron Van Swieten, physician to the empress queen; Isaac Lawson, before mentioned, afterwards one of the physicians to the British army, who died much regretted at Oosterhout in the year 1747, and from whom Linnæus received singular and very important civilities; Kramer, since well known for an excellent treatise on the docimastic art; Van Royen, botanic professor at Leyden; Lieberkun of Berlin, famous for his skill in microscopical instruments and experiments. To these may be added also the names of Albinus and Gaubius, and of others, were it requisite to show that our author's talents had very early rendered him conspicuous, and gained him the regard of all those who cultivated and patronized any branch of medical science; and to which, doubtless, the singular notice with which Boerhaave honoured him did not a little contribute.

Early in the year 1738, after Linnæus had left Mr Clifford, and, as it should seem, when he resided with Van Royen, he had a long and dangerous fit of sickness; and upon bis recovery went to Paris, where

he was properly entertained by the Jussieus, at that Linmeus. time the first botanists in France. The opportunity this gave him of inspecting the Herbaria of Royen and Tournefort, and those of the above-named gentlemen, afforded him great satisfaction. He had intended to have gone from thence into Germany, to visit Ludwig and the celebrated Haller, with whom he was in close correspondence; but he was not able to complete this part of his intended route, and was obliged to return without this gratification.

Our author did not fail to avail himself of every advantage that access to the several museums of this country afforded him, in every branch of natural bistory; and the number and importance of his publications, during his absence from his native country, sufficiently demonstrate that fund of knowledge which he must have imbibed before, and no less testify his extraordinary application. These were Systema Na tura, Fundamenta Botanica, Bibliotheca Botanica, and Genera Plantarum; the last of which is justly considered as the most valuable of all the works of this celebrated author. What immense application had beerbestowed upon it, the reader may easily conceive, on being informed, that before the publication of the first edition the author had examined the characters of 8000 flowers. The last book of Linnæus's composi tion, published during his stay in Holland, was the Classes Plantarum, which is a copious illustration of the second part of the Fundamenta.

About the latter end of the year 1738, or the beginning of the next, our author settled as a physician at Stockholm; where he seems to have met with considerable opposition, and was oppressed with many difficulties; but all of these at length he overcame, and got into extensive practice; and soon after his settlement married the lady before spoken of. By the interest of Count Tessin, who was afterwards his great patron, and even procured medals to be struck in ho nour of him, he obtained the rank of physician to the fleet, and a stipend from the citizens for giving lectures in botany. And what at this time especially. was highly favourable to the advancement of his character and fame, by giving him an opportunity of displaying his abilities, was the establishment of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Stockholm; of which Linnæus was constituted the first president, and to which establishment the king granted several privileges, particularly that of free postage to all papers directed to the secretary. By the rules of the academy, the president held his place but three months. At the expiration of that term, Linnæus made his Oratio de memorabilibus in Insectis, Oct. 3. 1739; in which he endeavours to excite an attention and inquiry into the knowledge of insects, by displaying the many singular phenomena that occur in contemplating the nature of those animals, and by pointing out, in a variety of instances, their usefulness to mankind in particular, and to the economy of nature in general.

During all this time, however, Linnæus appears to have had his eye upon the botanic and medical chair at Upsal, at this time occupied by Rudbeck, who was far advanced in life. We learn indeed that he was so intent on pursuing and perfecting his great designs in the advancement of his favourite study of nature, that he had determined, if he failed in procuring

the