-The Crested and Viviparous Blenny-The Butterfly Fish-

The Star-gazer-Thoracic Fishes-The Goby, or Rock Fish-

The Remora, or Sucking Fish-The Bullhead-The Miller's

Thumb-The Pogge-The Flying Scorpana-The Doree--

The Opah--The Flounder-The Halibut--The Plaise-The

Dad-The Turbot-The Sole--The Lantern Fish-The Pearl

-The Whiff-The Gilthead-The Streaked Gilthead-The

Dorado-The Wrasse-The Ballan, &c.-The Perch-The

Basse-The Ruffe-The Lanceolated Holocenter-The Stick-

leback-The Mackerel-The Tunny-The Scad-The Sur-

mullet-The Gurnard-The Bow-banded Chaetodon-The

Beaked Chaetodon-The Parrot Fish-Abdominal Fishes-

The Loach-The Four-eyed Loach-The Salmon-The Sea

Trout-The White Trout-The Samlet-The Trout-The

Gillaroo, or Gizard Trout-The Char--The Grayling-The

Smelt-The Gwiniad-The Pike-The Sea Needle-The

Saury-The Argentine-The Atherine---The Mullet-The

Flying Fish--The Herring-The Pilchard-The Herring

Fishery-The Sprat-The Anchovy--The Shad-The Carp

-The Barbel-The Tench-The Gudgeon--The Bream---

The Rud--The Crucian---The Roach---The Dace---The Chub

---The Bleak---The White Bait---The Minnow---Gold and

Silver Fishes---The Telescope Carp---The Horned Silurus

The Trumpet Fish---The Tobacco-pipe Fish---The Sea

Cock

115

CHAP. IX.

Of Shell Fish in general---The Crustaceous kind---The Lobster

---The Spiny Lobster---The Crab---The Land Crab---The Vio-

let Crab---The Soldier Crab---The Shrimp---The Prawn---The

Tortoise---The Land Tortoise---The Turtle---Of Testaceous

Fishes---Of the Turbinated, or Snail kind---The Garden Snail

---The Fresh-water Snail--The Sea Snail---The Nautilus---Of

Bivavled Fish--The Oyster---The Cockle---The Scallop---The

Razor Fish---Of Pearls, and the Fishery---Of Multivalve Shell

Fish--The Sea Urchin---The Pholades

CHAP. X.

198

Of Reptiles---The Frog--The Toad---Varieties---Surinam Toad

---Of Lizards---The Crocodile and Alligator---The Open-bellied

Crocodile---The Salamander---The Cordyle, &c.---The Iguana

---The Cameleon---The Dragon---The Siren---The Tarantula---

The Chalcidian Lizard

242

CHAP. XI.

Of Serpents---Of the Venomous kind---Vipers---The Asp---The

Rattlesnake---The Whip Snake---The Jaculus---The Hæmorr-

hois---The Seps--The Coral Snake---The Cobracapella---Ser-

pents without Venom---The Ringed Snake---The Blind Worm

---The Amphisbæna---The Esculapian---The Boyuna---The

Surinam Serpent---The Prince of Serpents---The Gerenda---

The Great Boa---The Indian Boa---The Anaconda---The De-

pona

APPENDIX---The Sea-Serpent

234

318

NATURAL HISTORY.

CHAP. VI.

Of Web-footed Waterfowl... The AVOSET... The Scooping, American, and white Avoset... The COURIER... The FLAMINGO... The AUK... The Great Auk... The Razorbill... The Puffin... The Little Auk... The Tufted and Crested Auk, &c. ... The GUILLEMOT... The Foolish, Lesser, and Marbled Guillemot... The DIVER...The Northern, Speckled, Black, and Redthroated Diver... The Chinese Diver... 7 he TERN..The Great, Lesser, Black, and Striated Tern... The Noddy... The PETREL..The Fulmar... The Shearwater...The Stormy Petrel.. The Giant Petrel... The GULL... The Black-backed, Skua, Wagel, Herring Gulls, &c.... The Kittiwake... The Common Gull ...The Blackcap, &c....Modes of taking Seafowl... The MERGANSER... The Gooseander...The Dun River.... The Smew... The Hooded Merganser... The Duck... The Swan... The Black Swan... The Goose... The Bean Goose... The Barnacle... The Brent Goose...The Mallard... The Eider Duck... The Velvet, Scoter, Tufted, and Scaup Duck... The Golden Eye... The Shoveller...The Pintail...The Pochard...The Long-tailed Duck...The Widgeon... The Teal.. The Muscovy, Brazilian, American, and Chinese Ducks...Decoy for Ducks... The PELICAN...The Frigate Pelican, or Man-of-War Bird... The Corvorant... The Shag... The Gannet, or Solan Goose...The Booby ...The ALBATROSs... The Yellow-nosed Albatross... The SKIMMER... The PENGUIN... The Patagonian Penguin... The Magellanic Penguin... The TROPIC BIRD... The DARTER... The White and Black-bellied Darters.

WEB-FOOTED WATERFOWL.

Or the web-footed waterfowl, the few which are distinguished by the name of long-legged, have so near an affinity with the birds of the preceding order, that some

naturalists have classed them among the cranes, or waders; and, indeed, were it not for the very accurate distinction which the form of the foot affords, analogy would direct us to this arrangement in preference to every other.

THE AVOSET

Is easily distinguished from all other birds by the form of its bill, which is very thin, slender, and bends considerably upwards. The SCOOPING AVOSET is about the size of the lapwing, or eighteen inches long; the bill is three inches and a half in length. The top of the head is black, the rest of the head, neck, and all the other parts of the body white, except the inner scapulars, the middle of the wing coverts and outer webs, and ends of the quills, which again are black. The legs are long, and of a bluish gray, and the toes have a connecting membrane. It weighs about thirteen ounces, and is frequent, in the winter, on most of the seacoasts of Europe, as well as in the fens of Lincolnshire, Cambridge, &c. in England. It feeds on worms and insects, which it scoops out of the sand with its bill. The AMERICAN AVOSET differs only in being something larger, and having the neck and breast of a deep cream colour. In Hudson's Bay there is a WHITE Avoset.

AMERICAN AVOSET.

THIS species from its perpetual clammer and flippancy of tongue, is called by the inhabitants Cape May, the Lawyer. I found these birds, as well as the Long-legged Avoset, in the salt marshes of New-Jersey on the 20th of May. They flew around the shallow pools, uttering the sharp note of click, click, alighting on the marsh, or in the water, fluttering their loose wings, and shaking their half bent legs, as if ready to tumble over, keeping up a continual yelping note. The nest was built among the thick tufts of grass, of sea

weed, dry grass, and twigs, and raised to the height of several inches.-Wilson.

LONG LEGGED AVOSET.

THIS species arrives on the sea coast of New Jersey on the twenty fifth of April in small detached flocks of twenty or thirty together. They inhabit the marshes that are broken into numerous shallow pools, where they may l 7.be almost constantly seen wading often up to the breast in water. They feed on minute shell-fish, aquatic insects, and on eggs and spawn, that are deposited in the mud. This bird is known on the sea coast as the Stilt, Tilt, or Long Shanks; and naturalists have unaccountably classed it with the genus Plover.-Wilson.

THE COURIER

Is an Italian bird, somewhat less than the avoset, the bill is shorter, straight, and yellow. The upper parts of the plumage are of a rusty brown, the under parts white. It is remarkable for its swiftness in running, from which property it derives its name.

THE FLAMINGO

Is, perhaps, the most remarkable of waterfowl; it is one of the tallest, and the most beautiful. The body, which is of a beautiful scarlet, is no bigger than that of a swan; but its legs and neck are of such an extraordinary length, that when it stands erect, it is six feet six inches high. Its wings, extended, are five feet six inches from tip to tip; and it is four feet eight inches from tip to tail. The head is round and small, with a large bill, seven inches long, partly red, partly black, and crooked like a bow. The legs and thighs, which are not much thicker than a man's finger, are about two feet eight inches high; and its neck