Bulletin - Geological Survey, Issue 8

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Page 44 - The middle eighteen feet of pavement is to be coated with hard stones to the depth of six inches. Four of these six inches to be first put on and worked in by carriages and horses; care being taken to rake in the ruts until the surface becomes firm and consolidated, after which the remaining two inches are to be put on.
Page 13 - At such times obstructions and quarrels were frequent, and the path was sometimes blocked up during a long time by carriers, neither of whom would break the way. It happened almost every day, that coaches stuck fast, until a team of cattle could be procured from some neighbouring farm, to tug them out of the slough.
Page 44 - All the irregularities of the upper part of the said pavement are to be broken off by the hammer, and all the interstices to be filled with stone chips firmly wedged or packed by hand with a light hammer, so that when the whole pavement is finished there shall be a convexity of four inches in the breadth of fifteen feet from the centre.
Page 44 - Upon the level bed, prepared for the road materials, a bottom course, or layer of stones, is to be set by hand, in form of a close, firm pavement. The stones set in the middle of the road are to be...
Page 47 - The stones became rounded by the excessive attrition, they were subjected to, their more angular parts wearing away, and the weaker and smaller ones being crushed. The experiment was not •pushed beyond this point. It was...
Page 14 - His coach was, with great difficulty, and by the help of many hands, brought after him entire. In general, carriages were taken to pieces at Conway, and borne, on the shoulders of stout Welsh peasants, to the Menai Straits.
Page 12 - It was conducted over pathless sierras buried in snow; galleries were cut for leagues through the living rock; rivers were crossed by means of bridges that swung suspended in the air; precipices were scaled by stairways hewn out of the native bed; ravines of hideous depth were filled up with solid masonry; in short, all the difficulties that beset a wild and mountainous region, and which might appal the most courageous engineer of modern times, were encountered and successfully overcome.
Page 13 - It was only in fine weather that the whole breadth of the road was available for wheeled vehicles. Often the mud lay deep on the right and the left ; and only a narrow track of firm ground rose above the quagmire.
Page 90 - A large number of tests on meadows, pastures, stubble land, corn ground and plowed ground In every condition, from dry, hard and firm to very wet and soft, show without a single exception a large difference in draft in favor of the broad tires. This difference ranged from 17 to 120 per cent.
Page 12 - ... stone pillars, in the manner of European milestones, were erected at stated intervals of somewhat more than a league, all along the route. Its breadth scarcely exceeded twenty feet. It was built of heavy flags of freestone, and in some parts, at least, covered with a bituminous cement, which time has made harder than the stone itself.

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