where. All, nevertheless, maintained a close approximation to the Genevan forms of worship, observed in the crypt. In 1709, however, there was a movement of a different nature. A very powerful section of the congregation in the crypt, comprising no less than sixty families, numbering three hundred souls, desired to conform to the rites and ceremonies of the Anglican Church. They could not carry with them the majority of the governing body, or vestry of Elders; consequently, the old Genevan form was maintained in the crypt; and the French Conformists sought a place of worship elsewhere. They found such a place, close at hand, in the malthouse appertaining to the Archbishop's Palace, within the Precincts. There, during thirty-five years, or more, they held Divine Service; using a French translation of the Book of Common Prayer of the English Church. Their ministers* received Episcopal Orders; and the congregation called itself the French Uniform (or Conformist) Church of Canterbury. Their poor were, however, disowned by the Elders of the Walloon Congregation in the crypt, who would not relieve them. As the Committee, formed at the Savoy, in London, in 1695, for administering the Royal Bounty to Foreign Protestants, sent the annual grant of £180 to the Elders of the Walloon Congregation, the Conformists were deprived of the help which that Bounty was intended to afford to their poor. Ultimately, the Conformist Church was dissolved; and the Congregation which had, without interruption, maintained the Genevan form of worship in the crypt, became, once more, the only body of French Protestants in Canterbury. They have so continued to this day. Sunday after Sunday, while the afternoon service of the English Church was celebrated in the choir, the Genevan worship of the French was held beneath, in the south aisle of the crypt. The present Pastor, the Rev. J. A. Martin, informs me that he and four of his predecessors in the last century, who were resident, received Episcopal Orders. After the death, in 1840, of M. Miéville, who lies buried in

* These pastors received £30 per annum; they were Pierre Richard (Nov., 1709, to July, 1710); Jean Lardeau (1710); Jean Charpentier (1710-16); Pierre le Sueur (1716-44).

the cloister green, there was no regular minister resident; a French translation of the English Prayer Book was used by the "ancien" of the congregation, and a minister came down from London, from time to time,-every three months, it is said to administer the Communion. During the last few years, the Rev. J. A. Martin has introduced a new Service Book; great part of which has been translated by him from the Prayers and Offices of the English Book of Common Prayer. He has so prepared it that there is a separate Service, slightly varied in form, provided for each Sunday in a month.

There are no records in existence to shew when, or by what authority, the Walloons received permission to make use of a portion of the crypt of Canterbury Cathedral. Mr. J. S. Burn collected all the facts in his History of the French, Walloon, Dutch, and other Foreign Protestant Refugees settled in England, published in 1846. By the kindness of Archdeacon Harrison, I am able to append, in a note, the particulars gleaned by Mr. Burn.*

*"Strype, in his Memorials of the year 1547, says,-Now, I conjecture, were the beginnings of the foreigners' Church planted at Canterbury by the countenance and influence of Archbishop Cranmer. One or two learned foreigners were in this city under the Archbishop's auspices,-one of these was Utenhovius, a person of honourable rank and quality, afterwards elder and assistant to John à Lasco's Church in London-others were Valerandus Pollanus, and Franciscus, and the year after Bucer was here." (Burn, p. 2).

In the year 1550, King Edward VI granted to the foreign Protestants a Charter for the exercise of their religion, and granted to them the Church of the Augustine Friars, in London; appointed John à Lasco to be their superintendent, and "certain persons" the first ministers. (See Appendix.)

"The great influx, however, of foreigners was in the year 1567, when, 'upon the report of the Duke D'Alva coming into the Netherlands, with 10.000 veteran soldiers, the trading people of the town and country withdrew from the provinces in such vast numbers that the Duchess of Parma, the Governess, wrote to Philip II, that in a few days above 100,000 men had left the country with their money and goods, and that more were following every day. These trading people, called Walloons, fled in great numbers to England, and settled at Canterbury, Norwich, Southampton, Sandwich, Colchester, Maidstone, and other towns; introducing the manufactures of woollen. linen and silk weavers, dyers, clothdressers, silk throwsters, etc., and teaching the English to make bayes, sayes, and other light stuffs." (Burn, p. 4).

In chap. iv, under Canterbury (p. 38), Burn says (in reference to 1567)—"It would seem, however, that a Walloon Church had been established at Canterbury some years previously to the reign of Edward VI, for such is the tradition among the present congregation in that city; and it is also stated that in 1561 Queen Elizabeth as a further mark of her favour granted these Walloons the undercroft of Canterbury Cathedral, as a place of worship for themselves and their successors."

Burn adds in a note, "The descendants of the foreign Protestants believed that Queen Elizabeth had given them the use of the Undercroft; but they had

The Letters Patent (often referred to with respect to this French Church), which were granted by Edward VI, on the 24th of July, 1550,* contain no allusion whatever to the Walloons at Canterbury; nor to the Crypt of the Cathedral. The Rev. J. A. Martin has printed his supposition (founded merely on tradition), that "a few months afterwards, or towards the end of 1550..... Edward VI, by the advice of his Privy Council, gave them the whole of the Crypt of the Cathedral."+ The latter words (probably written inadvertently), are palpably erroneous. It is well known, that the lofty eastern crypt, beneath Trinity Chapel, was assigned in 1546 to the use of the First Prebendary; and was occupied by successive holders of that Prebend, as a cellar for wood and coal, from 1546 until circa 1866. There is no evidence whatever, upon record, of any grant made by Edward VI respecting the crypt.

W. A. SCOTT ROBERTSON.

no written evidence of it, although search was made for it. The inquiry arose in consequence of the Archbishop, at a Visitation, asking the ministers of the Walloon congregation, how they came possessed of this Undercroft? The Dean replied by permission of the Dean and Chapter.' Upon which one of the Walloon ministers said, 'I ask pardon, Sir, it was given by the Crown.' This assertion gave the Dean offence, and he threatened that, unless they proved their right, or acknowledged their error, he would shut up the doors of their church."

The service was performed (Burn says, writing in 1846) in the Undercroft according to the usages of the Reformed Church of France, until about 30 or 40 years since, when, upon M. Miéville being offered a benefice in the Church of England, the vestry consented to allow the use of a translation of the English Liturgy. (Burn, p. 51).

*State Papers, Domestic, Edward VI. vol. x., Nos. 15 and 16.

† Kentish Magazine for June, 1878, page 62.

THE SAXON CEMETERY AT BIFRONS.*

45. A young woman's grave. A glass bottle was placed at the left knee; the spade broke its neck and part is lost. At the right knee was an iron nail. (?) There were beads on the chest, up to the neck, where was a garnet bird-brooch similar to that engraved from grave No. 41.

46. A dwarf's grave; skeleton only 5 feet long, but with hugely thick bones and big joints; grave shallow. There were beads at the waist.

47. An iron buckle at the waist.

48. Very shallow-perhaps no grave, for I found not even bones. It ran into No. 49, and perhaps may have been stopped in consequence.

49. Askew, 2 feet deep, lying between No. 47 and No. 48; the latter it overlapped at head. Nothing was found in it. 50. Small grave of a young woman. Nothing.

51. Much remains of whitey-brown wood, near left leg, before we had dug down to the skeleton, and again lower along the left side of the skeleton. Black wood along the right side. The skeleton lay on its right side, with its knees bent. Between the knees was a spoon, silver and partly gilt (compare one engraved from grave No. 42), hung by a silver ring on which are also two little silver implements. Close by, but outside the left leg was a crystal ball set in silver bands, and hanging to a silver ring. At the waist were two hammerheaded brooches. At the right hip a knife. On the breast, and up to the neck were beads. At the neck were two brooches of bird pattern, somewhat like that engraved from grave No. 41. On the head was some gold wire, similar to that which is engraved from grave No. 21.

52. A small grave. Signs of wood (black) were seen on the right. We found a bronze strap-end, with leather. 53. Large grave; 34 feet deep. Nothing.

54. Narrow small shallow grave, near the bottom of the line of graves. Nothing.

55. Small grave; a child's, lying east and west; the head was to the east. Nothing.

Concluded from Vol. X, page 315.

56. Shallow grave, next below No. 54. Nothing. 57. Grave dug askew. Nothing, but a knife under the backbone.

58. Grave close above No. 57, and lying east and west; head to the east. Knife by the left thigh. 59. Next below No. 56.

Nothing.

60. Grave dug askew, near No. 58. Knife and ring near the left thigh.

61. Deep large grave. Knife at left thigh. Iron buckle near waist. Beads at neck.

62. Deep large grave of a man. At the left side was a sword, with a bronze hilt. Across the chest was a knife, with a bone lying under it.

63. At the right foot was a small bucket, with bronze hoops and an iron handle. At the left foot a small urn of black earthenware. At the waist were bronze and iron rings, and iron diamond-shaped ornaments. A little higher was a large brooch. Beads were found up the chest to the neck, and among them one gold pendant.

Such a

64. A double grave, in which one body was lying above the other. With the first we found nothing. With the second, 3 feet 8 inches deep, we found a crystal ball, set in silver, which was thrown out by the spade from near the feet; but with much search we could find no spoon. ball was engraved from grave No. 42. At the left thigh was an iron dagger, with a bronze chain, attached apparently to its hilt. About the waist were iron fragments and two hammer-headed brooches of bronze. All up the chest were beads; a large one among the lower ones, a gold pendant among the middle ones, and some rings among the top. At the neck was a round brooch. Some gold wire was on the head, as engraved from grave No. 21.

65. A spear ferule was at the left foot, and the spear head was at the right side of the head. Much brown wood down the right side apparently belonged to the spear. By the left hand was a knife. Near the middle was a small silver buckle.

66. Deep well-made grave. There was a knife at the left side, and a spear-head at the left shoulder.