the clergy, who, in Passion-plays and Interludes, thus taught by appeals to the eye, were the popular mediæval forerunners of Bible Societies, and of Sunday Schools.

Architects and Sculptors took part in the same good work, when, as on more than two hundred and fifty stone bosses of Bishop Lyhart's roof of the nave, in Norwich Cathedral, they represented a conspectus of Scripture history, from the Creation to the Last Judgment.

W. A. SCOTT ROBERTSON.

RUCKINGE CHURCH.

BY REV. E. M. MURIEL.

THIS church consists of nave with western tower, north porch, north and south aisles, chancel and south chantry. The nave is divided from each aisle by three pointed arches, springing from octagonal pillars with moulded capitals. There are three windows in the south aisle, and four in the north aisle, each of two lights with trefoil heads. That at the east end of the north aisle is of the Decorated period, with three lights, and contains some remains of ancient glass. In one of its quatrefoils, appears the mutilated figure of St. Michael vanquishing Satan. The doorway in this north aisle is Decorated, and has a porch with remains of a good carved barge board, of the fourteenth century.

In the south aisle is a fine Norman doorway; its outer side shews a chevroned moulding, the inner moulding is cylindrical; there is one order of shafts, having abaci and sculptured capitals; one abacus is billeted, the other foliaged. The tympanum above this door has star ornaments.

The chancel arch is Decorated, but is supported on the south side by an octagonal Perpendicular pier. From the same pier spring two other arches, one between the chancel and chantry, the other at the east end of the south aisle. The chancel is lighted, on the north side, by two lancets with cinquefoil heads. The east windows, of both chancel and chantry, are Decorated, and of design resembling each other, though the latter, which has been more recently opened, is the most elegant. Each has three lights, with drip-stones, of the roll moulding, terminating in scrolls and heads. The chantry or chapel, which is wide and lofty, has Decorated windows of rather curious character, of two lights each; and its south wall contains a small trefoil-headed piscina, with stone shelf. Some good Perpendicular screen-work, of three

different designs, is still preserved; one portion was inserted by a late Rector in the front of a seat in the chancel, and another portion, bearing traces of blue and yellow colour, remains in its original position, between the south aisle and the chantry. On the other side of the chancel, is an ancient oak seat, which has at each end a standard terminating in a poppy-head. There is also a fine Elizabethan communion table, with bulge legs and a moveable top.

The tower is the most ancient part of the church. Its walls are very massive, being nearly six feet thick, and in its west wall is a very fine Norman doorway, with a late Perpendicular arch inserted to reduce its size. Sir Stephen Glynne, in his valuable Notes on Churches in Kent, says, "There are three orders of cylindrical mouldings and one chevroned." The belfry story is later, and has Perpendicular windows, of one light, inserted one on each side of a lancet, making three openings on each side of this story. The tower is covered with a square pyramidical roof, of shingle (repaired with tiles), which is again surmounted by a small octagonal spire covered with lead.

There are marks of fire on the stone-work, in various parts of the arches and tower; the roofs, which are late, were no doubt added after the fire. I conjecture that the church was set on fire by lightning, in the year 1559, as several churches in this neighbourhood were partially destroyed in that manner at that date; Kennardington and Ebony Chapel for example.

The earliest Registers of this parish, those of marriages and burials, commence at the same date, A.D. 1538; that of baptisms begins in 1549, but it is evident that a leaf or two at the beginning of the book is lost. From 1621 to 1638, and from 1678 to 1686 there are no baptisms recorded; no doubt the leaves are missing; they appear to have been torn out.

One or two entries may be mentioned :

1566. July the xxvij Alice Panleye Servante with old father Wood was buried.

1597. Vicesimo quarto die Julii, Johanna Rofe puella quæ casula innunda fuit sepulta erat.