Bury Court Wood, near Cooling, I could not see any remains. At Glassenbury, one and three quarter miles E.S.E., and Bedgebury, two miles S. of Goudhurst, and Scadbury, three quarters of a mile E. of Chislehurst, there are moats and water defences which are probably the ancient burys. The following I have left for future examination; Berry Court, Smarden; Scadbury, Southfleet; Goodbury Farm, Shoreham ; Bury's Farm, Cudham; Newberry near Lynsted; Eastbury near Cooling; Howbury near Erith; Castle Wood, N.E. of Newnham; Camp Hill, near Penshurst (close to Chiddingstone Causeway which is a suggestive name); and Ealdburie, mentioned in 1465 as being in Boughton under Blean. Footbury Hill at Orpington (close to Perry Hall) is apparently so called after Godwin Fot, the Saxon, from whom the neighbouring village of Foot's Cray takes its name.

There are in all thirty-six places which bear, or are stated to have borne, fortifications; and twentytwo more, whose names shew their military origin.

Of Earthworks which may have been connected with Mediæval Castles (?) there are remains at Sheppy, Stockbury, Tonge, Binbury, and Thornham, some of which are apparently earlier works accommodated to later wants. Large mounds are stated to exist at Woodnesborough and Addington.

Of TUMULI plans were exhibited of the survivors of the Greenwich park group;* also of Julaber's grave, half a mile E.S.E. of Chilham, and the Giant's grave, one mile E. of Wye, which each have three curious transverse grooves across them. Those on Sugar-loaf Hill, one mile and a half N. of Folkestone, and Rubry Butts, one mile and a half N.W. of Sibertswold, are

* Reproduced here.

well known, as also the single tumuli of Harty, Queenborough, Shorne, and Berstead.

On the Ordnance Map there are "caves" marked at Ashenfield Common, and near Wye Racecourse; at present these are nothing but deep conical holes in the ground. There are two deep well-like pits to be seen, some distance apart, on the west side of the road from Binbury to Maidstone, between Binbury and the racecourse; they are so thickly lined with bushes that the bottom is invisible, but is at least twelve or fifteen feet deep.

Of other EARTHWORKS several plans were exhibited at the Bromley Meeting. The circle, half a mile S.E. of Chilham, is one of the most perfect, regular, and delicately executed works in existence; nearly equalling the very best of the Wiltshire remains, as it has an average error of under four inches from a true circle, on a diameter of about one hundred and thirty feet. Its object must have been religious or sepulchral, but there is no mound or pit in the centre. The works on Barham Down, half a mile N.E. of Kingston,* appear to be ancient; there are many slight square pits about half a mile from these, which, from all their details, are probably foundations of modern huts. About three quarters of a mile S.E. of Coldred, in a little wood, there are some banks which from their outline look recent; but their construction and appearance on the ground is rather ancient than modern, especially their considerable height, in some parts as much as six feet.

The works on St. Paul's Cray Common, half a mile S.E. of Chislehurst,* are interesting in some details; but those on Hayes Common* (from three

* Reproduced here.

quarters S.W. to one mile S.E. of Hayes) enclosures, entrenchments, pit-villages, and tumuli, are the finest in Kent for their extent, their preservation, and the great number of pit dwellings, exceeding one hundred and fifty. In fact they cannot probably be matched nearer than Wiltshire or Dorsetshire.

Of other Kentish earthworks, the faint banks at Hawkshill Close, joining the S. side of the Castle grounds at Walmer, seem decidedly not for defensive works, but rather like the ancient field boundaries so common on the Wiltshire Downs, and only known in Kent at Hayes. The raised ground, S. of Ringwold Church, is certainly artificial, but very vague, and without any well defined details, though there are possibly some faint ditches and pits on it. The banks in the wood, one mile and a quarter S.W. of Nettlested, and in Chingley and Shearingfold Woods, two miles S. and S.E. of Lamberhurst, are fairly shewn in the twenty-five inch Ordnance survey, and the wood precludes any re-survey. The thickness of the Woods N. of Key-Coll Hill, three quarters of a mile E. of Newington, also prevents any survey of the remains said to exist in them. The "Danes Pits" at Ripple (half a mile S.W. of Walmer), have nearly vanished under the plough; those at Wingleton Oak are apparently in the same plight; and the earthworks opposite Judd's Hill, one mile and a quarter W. of Faversham, seem quite gone. Chartham Down tumuli and banks have given place to a County Lunatic Asylum. There is said to be a fosse around Walmer Church, and an entrenchment at Denge Wood, E. of Julaber's grave, but both of these escaped my observation.

This finishes all the earthworks, and sites of earth

works in Kent, that I have yet seen published; though Mr. Spurrell has now brought forward a valuable account of the remains near Dartford. Plans were exhibited at Bromley of the stones at Addington,* which with extraordinary perversity have been hitherto described as forming a circle, though they appear to be very plainly in two lines: also of the stones at Coldreham,* one mile E.N.E. of Trottescliffe, in which one explorer has seen an oval, not including the cist or chamber, though they rather seem to form a rectilineal enclosure around the chamber.

There seems to be a type in these Kentish works; at Kits Coty, in Stukeley's time, there was a long mound, with the chamber at one end; at Addington, there is a chamber at one end of a long mound, which has a row of stones along it; and at Coldreham there is similarly a chamber, and a row of stones leaning in against a slight elevation of earth around it, in both cases the chamber being at the East end of the long group. With regard to the reputed cromlech at Cobham, I could not learn anything of it from the labourers about there; a large block of indurated gravel between the railway and Cobham Lodge Farm was pointed out, and some stones in Shorne Wood, N. of Cobham Park, consisting of one small piece of Sarsen stone, and one or two squared pieces of building stone; all the others lately removed from the wood were squared likewise.

Some Sarsen stones are to be seen as far off as a mile E. of Faversham, and at Judd's Hill, and some on the greensand, near Penenden Heath, a mile and a half from the chalk hills, but these are apparently the most scattered blocks.

* Reproduced here.

Having thus briefly catalogued the Kentish earthworks, a few remarks may be added on the plans. These are a part of a series of more than a hundred plans of remains in the south of England, surveyed by the writer with a good deal of care during the last few years, mainly to ascertain the regularity and symmetry of the prehistoric remains. The original plans are shaded in brown for the banks and mounds, and green for the ditches and pits; by far the best method for manuscript work. The system of representing the works by lines along the centres of the banks and ditches, was adopted in these reductions to avoid the equivocal nature of the ordinary hill shading and to give greater accuracy of the dimensions. These reductions are correct to one-hundredth of an inch. The thickening of the lines in some parts implies the greater strength of the features they represent.

Blackheath. The rest of the camp has been destroyed, and all the ground in it disturbed by gravel digging. The tumulus is later than the camp, as its ditch is perfect on the side where the bank would have joined it; and if coeval, it would have been placed symmetrically on the bank.

Greenwich tumuli are within half a mile of the Blackheath camp. Twelve other tumuli were destroyed in making the reservoir. Charlton, S.E. The banks along the side are on the slope of the hill below the edge. The faint ditches in the area are singular. Paul's Cray Common. This seems to have been added to from the N. end southwards; and yet the ditches are on the N. side of the banks, though the main ridge has its ditch outside.

Hayes Common. The pits seem coeval with the banks in the first plan; as, though there are thirty-eight close outside the enclosures, there is only one inside; probably the banks are field divisions. These banks have been much curtailed by the grounds of Hayes Court, and by the Parish cricket ground. In the second plan, the pits seem later than the banks, as they are arranged quite irrespective of them. One pit is cut partly into the bank of the oval enclosure, which proves that it cannot be earlier than that;