Island and the main, or between the north-east end and the main, and come to anchor in 4 or 5 fathoms at low water, mud and sandy bottom. The mark for the best anchoring-ground here, is, to bring the three hills in the country to the N E. in a line with a Rocky Point Island,* and the house on Meogenes Island to bear S.E by S. Should the tide of ebb have taken place at the beacon, you must not, by any means, attempt to gain the harbour that tide, but wait the next half-flood, to go over the bar, as both sides of the entrance of this harbour are nothing but sharp rocks, dry at low water; and the tide of ebb is so rapid in the spring, when the ice and snow are dissolved, that all the anchors on board will not hold the ship from driving. On the Nova Scotia side of the Bay of Fundy, your soundings will be from 50 to 60, 70, 80, to 95 fathoms; stones like beans, and coarse sand; and as you draw to the northward, the quality of the ground will alter to a fine sand, and some small shells with black specks. Approach no nearer to the south shore than in 50 fathoms; and, as you edge off to the N.W. and W.N.W., you will fall off the bank, and have no soundings. When you have passed Meogenes Island, edge in-shore towards Rocky Point, until Meogenes Point (Negro Head) is in a line over the N.W. corner of Meogenes Island; sailing in between Rocky Point and Partridge Island, with these marks in one, will lead you in the best water over the bar, (15 feet,) until you open Point Maspeck to the northward of the low point on Partridge Island; then starboard your helm, and edge towards Thompson's Point, until the red store, at the south end of St. John's, is in a line over the beacon; keep them in one until you pass the beacon at the distance of a ship's breadth; then haul up N.N.W. up the harbour, keeping the blockhouse, at the upper part of the harbour, open to the westward of the king's store, situated close to the water side, which will lead you, in mid-channel, up to the wharves, where you may lie aground dry, at half-tide, and clean your ship's bottom, or lie afloat in the stream at single anchor, with a hawser fast to the posts of the wharves on the shore.-N.B. The tide of flood here is weak, but the ebb runs very rapidly all the way down past Meogenes Island." The following directions are based on the details of the survey of Lieutenants Harding and Kortright, acting under the orders of Captain F. W. Owen of the Royal Navy, in 1844. When running for St. John's avoid the rocky ledge running off Inner Maspeck Point, the eastern side of the entrance, to the distance of 24 cables' length, and which is steep-to, with 30 to 40 feet close off; and having brought the stone barracks in one with the Wesleyan Chapel,† at the back of the town, bearing N. E., steer in with this mark on, and it will carry you outside of the shoal water extending from the eastern side of Partridge Island. When Carleton Church comes in one with the cliff end (the termination of the cliffs forming Negro Point) bearing about N.W. W., you must change your course to this direction, and it will lead you in from 15 to 22 feet at 1 cable's length to the northward of the shoal ground extending between Partridge Island and Negro Point. Continue in this direction until the stone church at the back of the town comes on the end of the breakwater, when you must run up with this mark past the beacon-light into the harbour. When just above the beacon-light steer N. by W. or N. by W. W., Trock. This is an islet, lying at a cable's length from the point, and more properly named the Shag It is surrounded by sunken rocks. building will be known by its octagonal tower with a circular top. It is situated in the of the town. and anchor off the town. Be careful to keep the lead going when following these directions, that you do not strike on the shoal spots. To the north-eastward of the beacon-light, and just off the town is a ridge of rocks which is covered at 2 hours flood. From this ridge and eastward of the town there is an extensive flat of mud and sand which dries at low water this extends along the coast to Cranberry Point, and runs about 2 cables' length from the shore. Cranberry Point is cliffy, and has some rocks running off it. It is high water on the days of full and change at 11h. 44m.; spring-tides rise 23 to 25 feet, and neaps 21 to 23 feet. It is said that the following signals are displayed at Partridge Island, on the approach of vessels to the Harbour of St. John: One ball close, for one square-rigged vessel. One ball half-hoisted, for two square-rigged vessels. Two balls separated, for four ditto. A pendant of any colour, for five ditto. A pendant under a ball, for six ditto. A pendant over a ball half-hoisted, for seven ditto. A pendant under two balls close, for eight ditto. A pendant under two balls separated, for nine ditto. A flag of any colour, for ten or more ditto. The above are displayed at the east or west yard-arm, according to the direction in which the vessels are at first observed; and as soon as their rig can be distinguished, descriptive colours will be hoisted at the mast-head, in the following order : An union jack, with a white pendant over, for a small armed vessel. A blue pendant, for a merchant ship. A red ditto, for a merchant brig. A white and blue ditto, for a foreign vessel. A white ditto (without a ball), for a top-sail schooner or sloop. drew's and Eastport. A ball at the mast-head, vessel is on shore or in distress. Should immediate aid be necessary, guns to be fired. In foggy weather, a gun will be fired from Partridge Island in return for each heard at sea. Should a vessel require a pilot, her descriptive pendant will be displayed at a yard-arm, in the place of a ball. In regard to the time for going through the Falls, near St. John's, it may be mentioned that the Falls are level (or still water) at about 34 hours on the flood, and about 24 on the ebb, which makes them passable four times in 24 hours, about 10 or 15 minutes each time. No other rule can be given, as much depends on the floods in the River St. John, and the time of high water or full sea, which is often hastened by high winds, and in proportion to the height of them. To the W.S. Westward of Meogenes Island is Flat Bay, in which the depth is 5 and 4 fathoms water. It is a small harbour occasionally used by coasters. From hence the land runs nearly W.S.W., passing Negro Head, to Cape Musquash, which is 9 miles from Partridge Island. Close off Musquash Head is the Split Rock, with 8 fathoms very near it. CHANNEL RETWEEN MANAN AND BRYER'S ISLANDS.-Some caution will be necessary in steering between Grand Manan and Bryer's Islands in thick weather, as vessels are frequently drawn in among the islands and ledges to the southward of Manan, by the flood setting directly upon them; the most dangerous of these is the Old Proprietor, which, at low water, dries for the space of half an acre When the wind, therefore, veers at all to the southward make the best of your way to St. John's; or you may secure an anchorage in Grand Passage, or St. Mary's Bay, as it seldom blows in that direction above 18 hours without bringing on a fog. There is no difficulty in going through Annapolis Gut if you have but a commanding breeze, although the tide is very rapid, the dood and ebb running five knots an hour, and the eddies strong; about one-third through lies the Man-of-War Rock, about a cable's length from the eastern shore; therefore if you keep in midchannel you are sure to clear it. It The prevailing winds here, as in general on the coast of Nova Scotia, are from W.S.W. to S.W., nearly as steady as trade-winds, except during the summer months, when they become rather more southerly, accompanied with but little intermission of fog, which requires a N.W. wind to disperse. is, therefore, recommended not to leave an anchorage without making proper arrangements for reaching another before dark, or the appearance of a fog coming on, which, with, a S.W. wind is so sudden that you become enveloped within it unawares; neither should you keep the sea at night, if you can possibly avoid it. Observe, whenever the wind blows directly off the land the fog will soon disperse. CAPE COD TO BOSTON.-There is a lighthouse erected at the Clay Ponds on Cape Cod, which exhibits a fixed light; it stands on land elevated about 185 feet, which with the addition of the lantern makes it 180 feet above high water mark. There is a lighthouse also on the Race Point, which shows a revolving light, and is therefore readily known from the other. Cape Cod is low sandy lan 1; but Race Point is very bold, and may be known by a number of fish-houses on it. If bound to Boston, and you want to fall in with Cape Cod, bring the light to bear S.W., 2 leagues distant, and then steer W.N.W. for Boston Lighthouse; this stands on a small island, at the north side of the entrance of the channel, and is 82 feet high. In departing from Cape Cod you must calculate the tide, as the flood sets strongly to the S.W. Leaving Boston, your course to Cape Cod is E.S.E., 13 leagues; and when within 2 leagues of the lighthouse, which is 9 miles further, and having brought it to bear S.W., you may steer to the S.E. TO NEW YORK, &c.-Vessels bound to New York, in passing the shoal ground on St. George's Bank, should pass between them and the Florida or Gulf Stream, and should also pass between it and the Nantucket Shoals. By adopting this plan the passage will be shortened, as you will have the advantage of the eddy currents running contrary to the stream. On the south-west end of Nantucket Island, is a lighthouse standing on Sancoty Head, which is 70 feet high, and shows a revolving light at 150 feet high, visible 20 miles in clear weather. This lighthouse exhibits a flashing white light beyond the distance of 7 miles, the flashes occurring at intervals of one minute, and between the flashes there will appear a fixed white light. Within the distance of 7 miles from the lighthouse there appears a flashing red light, the flashes occurring at intervals of one minute, and between the flashes there will appear a fixed red light. On Montauk Point, the east end of Long Island, there is a lighthouse 80 feet high, which exhibits a fixed light at 160 feet above the sea, visible 20 miles. At about 24 miles, S. by E., from the light there is a small shoal of and 4 fathoms, named the Montauk Shoal, the situation of which is shown tide rip. YORK. The City of New York is the largest, most wealthy, and |