maduke, daughter of Colonel Vincent Marmaduke, of Marshall. Their only child died in infancy.

Harrison County.-A county in the northwestern part of the State, bounded on the north by the State of Iowa, east by Mercer and Grundy Counties, south by Daviess, and west by Gentry and Worth Counties; area, 468,000 acres. The county presents a variety of surface. About two-thirds is undulating prairie, the remainder considerably broken. There are some low bottom lands, the soil of which is a black loam. The prairies have a dark brown loam, in places mixed with sand, and ranging from one to two feet in depth, resting on a clay subsoil. In the broken sections the soil is light. Big Creek, an affluent of Grand River, flows from north to south through the county, a little west of the center. Sugar, Sampson, Cypress and smaller streams, which are subtributaries of Grand River, water and drain different parts of the county. These streams generally have rocky or gravelly beds and rapid currents, affording good water power. In various parts springs abound. There are some good deposits of bituminous coal in the county, which for many years have been mined for home use, and small quantities for export. There is an abundance of good fire clay, and limestone and sandstone suitable for building purposes. About 75 per cent of the land is under cultivation; the remainder is in timber, consisting of hickory, oak of different varieties, ash, elm, lind, black and white walnut, etc. The timber exists in tracts, along or near the courses of the streams. Diversified farming, of which stock-raising and dairying are profitable branches, is the principal industry of the county. The cereals grow well, the average yield per acre being, corn, 33 bushels; wheat, II bushels; oats, 20 bushels. The grasses grow in abundance. Potatoes average from 75 to 100 bushels to the acre. According to the report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the surplus products shipped from the county, in 1898, were: Cattle, 15,300 head; hogs, 71,600 head; sheep, 3,680 head; horses and mules, 1,260 head; wheat, 1,893 bushels; corn, 11,237 bushels; flour, 20,350 pounds; corn meal, 1,300 pounds; ship stuff, 6,300 pounds; timothy seed, 387,000 pounds; lumber, 171,800 feet; walnut logs, 62,350 feet; piling and

posts, 66,000 feet; cord wood, 852 cords; coal, 23 tons; stone, 8 cars; lime, 15 barrels; cement, 6 barrels; poultry, 681,000 pounds; eggs, 690,000 dozen; butter, 44,362 pounds; tallow, 14,900 pounds; hides and pelts, 39,910 pounds; canned goods, 1,160,000 pounds; nursery stock, 2,120 pounds. Other articles exported were cooperage, cheese, dressed meats, vegetables, furs and feathers. That section of the Grand River country which was organized into Harrison County was, before the advent of white men, one of the choice hunting spots of the Indians, and as late as 1845 bands roamed over its prairies and along its streams, hunting and fishing. It has been long lost to tradition just who was the first white man venturesome enough to visit the country, but most likely he was some one of the French fur-traders. After 1830 the class of men known as bee-hunters went into the section and traversed the courses of the various streams, to which they gave names. According to the most reliable authority, no permanent settlements were made in the county, which was then a part of Daviess, until 1839, when John Conduit, Reuben Massey and William Mitchell located in the southern part. They were soon followed by others, who settled in the timbered portions, in the southeastern and southwestern parts of the county. The circulating medium of the early times consisted of honey, beeswax, coon skins and other peltry. Their food was of the plainest kind, corn, hominy, honey, game and fish, and it was many years before any luxuries were indulged in. St. Joseph was the nearest trading point of any importance. Schools were not known until some time after the organization of the county. Harrison County territory was included within the limits of Ray when that county was organized, and later was part of Daviess County, from which Harrison County was organized by legislative act approved February 14, 1845. It was named in honor of Honorable Albert G. Harrison, of Callaway County, who was a representative in Congress from Missouri from 1834 to 1839. The commissioners appointed to locate a permanent seat of justice selected Bethany, which, upon the organization of the county, was laid out and named by a number of settlers who had come from Tennessee. The first county court convened in August, 1845, under an oak tree. The year it was cre

ated the county was surveyed and sectionized, and the first land entries were made during the following year. After being compelled to leave Illinois, the Mormons attempted to re-enter and establish themselves in Missouri. A company of militia was organized in Harrison County, and, under command of Colonel C. L. Jennings, met the "Saints" at Mt. Pisgah, Iowa, where a treaty was entered into with Brigham Young, in which it was agreed that the Mormons would not again try to settle in Missouri. In 1843, when an Indian raid was threatened, a company of militia was organized in the county for protection, and was under command of Colonel Jennings and Major S. C. Allen. A few soldiers were recruited in the county for service in the Mexican War, and during the Civil War men were supplied by the county to both the Northern and Southern armies. There was not much trouble experienced in the county during the conflict. Harrison County is divided into twenty townships, named, respectively, Adams, Bethany, Butler, Cypress, Dallas, Fox Creek, Grant, Hamilton, Jefferson, Lincoln, Madison, Marion, Sherman, Sugar Creek, Trail Creek, Union, Washington, White Oak, Colfax and Clay. There are sixty-one miles of railroad in the county, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy running from the northern boundary, through the county, to the southwestern boundary, and the Des Moines & Kansas City Railroad, running along near the eastern border for some distance. The number of public schools in the county, in 1899, was 162; teachers employed, 187; pupils enumerated, 7,684. The population of the county, in 1900, was 24,398.

Harrisonville.-The county seat of Cass County, and a city of the fourth class. It is situated on the Missouri Pacific, the Missouri, Kansas & Texas, the Kansas City Osceola & Southern, and the Kansas City, Clinton & Southern Railways, forty-five miles south of Kansas City, and 254 miles. west of St. Louis. It is on high, undulating prairie, surrounded by a picturesque, richly productive and highly cultivated country, which sends to the market large supplies of all the cereals, stock, cattle, horses and mules, hogs, sheep, wool and hides. The city is lighted by electricity. The county courthouse is a spacious building, and an or

nament of architecture. It is of brick, three stories in height, with a lofty clock and observation tower. Over the porch entrance is the inscription: "A public office is a public trust." It was built in 1895, and cost $45,000. There are a public library and an operahouse. The banks are the Allen Banking Company, the Bank of Harrisonville, and the Cass County Bank, with ample capital and large lines of deposits. There are four weekly newspapers, conducted with ability, and with large circulations-the "Democrat" and the "Leader," both Democratic; the "News," Republican, and the "Record," Populist. Churches are the Baptist, Christian, Protestant Episcopal, Methodist Episcopal, Methodist Episcopal South, Cumberland Presbyterian and colored Methodist Episcopal. In 1899 the population (estimated) was 2,500.

The first settlers at Harrisonville were James Lackey, Humphrey Hunt and John Blythe, "squatters"; the former had built a cabin on the tract of public land taken for county seat purposes, in 1837. January 9th a postoffice was established with James W. McLellan as postmaster, who was succeeded by Lorenzo E. Dickey, December 2d. The same year Henry F. Baker opened the first store in a log building. In 1838 David Wilson opened a blacksmith shop. Lynch Brooks was the first physician and druggist; the first resident lawyers were Charles Sims, Charmichall, R. L. Y. Peyton, and Snyder. Samuel Wilson kept a "tavern," a log building of two rooms, one above the other. The first shoemakers were David Dawson and James Wilson; the first tailor was John Yanny, and William Cook was the first cabinet and coffinmaker. John Cummins, afterward county judge, erected the first brick dwelling house, in 1846, and Abraham Casle built the first brick business house, about the same time. The first newspaper, Whig in politics, appeared in 1854, the "Cass County Gazette," of which Nathan Millington was editor and owner. He sold it, in 1856, to R. O. Boggess, who styled it the "Western Democrat," and made it Democratic in tone. In 1857 Boggess sold it to Thomas Fogle, but continued to write the editorials. The paper was destroyed soon after the war began. The first school was opened about 1840, and was taught by Frank Love. William Jones was another early teacher. In 1849 Richard Massey opened a

small academy for both sexes, with Miss Sallie Hays as assistant. They were married the same year. Thomas A. Russell succeeded to the charge of the school. Instruction was confined almost entirely to private institutions until 1853, when B. C. Hawkins became county commissioner, and the public school system was brought to a fair degree of efficiency, but the war occasioned discontinuance of effort. The existing educational system had its beginning in 1869, when a board of education was elected, consisting of Thomas Holloway, president; George M. Houston, secretary, and D. K. Hall, treasurer, who, with W. J. Terrell, J. C. Boggs and J. D. Hines were the directors. In 1871 $20,000 in bonds were issued, and a threestory brick building was erected.

Churches were prosperous and possessed valuable property, until the war dispersed the congregations and wrought material damage to the buildings, if they were not utterly destroyed. The first was that of the Missionary Baptists, organized some time previous to 1840, nearly two miles southwest of Harrisonville, with Elder John Jackson as pastor. In 1844 the congregation removed to the town and erected the first house of worship in the place. In 1854 a brick edifice was erected in its stead, and in 1883 this gave place to a modern structure, costing $10,000. The Cumberland Presbyterians formed a church about 1845. It was reorganized in 1866, and in 1870 a building was erected at a cost of $4,000. The Methodist Church, South, dates to 1856, when it occupied a spacious and handsome edifice for that time. The building was replaced in 1878 at a cost of $4,500. The Christian Church, also dating to about 1856, erected a frame building in 1860, which cost $4,400, which, in 1882, gave place to a modern brick structure of nearly the same cost. The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1865, and in 1871 a church building was erected at a cost of $4,000. A colored Methodist Church was formed in 1866, and a house of worship was built, costing $800. Among the fraternal societies, the first was Old Prairie Lodge, No. 90, A. F. & A. M., chartered October 12, 1847. The first meeting was held in a store; the seats were nail kegs, and the officers' jewels were made from tin. This lodge suspended in 1861. Existing bodies of the order are: Cass Lodge, No. 147; Signet Chapter,

No. 68; Arcana Council, No. 16, and Bayard Commandery, No. 26. Other societies are Harrisonville Lodge, No. 7, I. O. O. F.; Harrisonville Lodge, No. 30, Order of Mutual Protection; a lodge of the Knights of Honor, and a lodge of United Workmen.

The town site was designated as the seat of justice, in April, 1837, by Francis Prine, Welcome Scott and Enoch Rice, and was named in honor of Albert G. Harrison, of Callaway County, one of the two Missouri Congressmen elected in 1836. The name "Democrat" was strongly urged, but finally rejected. It was located on 160 acres of public land, and was laid off by Martin Rice, the first county surveyor. Fleming Harris was appointed county seat commissioner and made a sale of lots. In 1838 a courthouse and jail were erected; in 1844 the former was replaced with a brick building, costing $3,000. In 1860 $15,000 were appropriated for a new edifice, but the war caused abandonment of the project after the bricks had been burned, and in 1865 they were utilized for repairing the old structure, damaged through military occupation. In 1863 the town was depopulated, and most of the buildings burned, the jail among them; the latter was replaced in 1869. (See "Cass County.") Harrisonville was incorporated as a city in 1859, when H. W. Younger was elected mayor; he was succeeded by J. M. Cooper, who served until 1861. Civil law was unknown from that year until the restoration of peace, and municipal rule was not re-established until May, 1867, when an election was called by John B. Stitt, a justice of the peace, and the following officers were elected: John Christian, mayor; James Blair, Jr., Alexander Robinson, George S. Akin, A. H. Boggs, councilmen. Appointed officers were: A. J. Briggs, clerk; J. H. Williams, treasurer; J. D. Sarvor, attorney, and M. O. Teeple, marshal.

Hartville. The judicial seat of Wright County, situated in Hart Township, near the center of the county, on the Gasconade River, twelve miles north of Mansfield, the nearest railroad shipping point. It has a good public school, four churches, lodges of two fraternal orders, two banks, five general stores, six grocery, two dry goods and other stores, a hotel and two newspapers, the "Press," Democratic, published by Carl Garner, and the "Progress," Republican, pub

lished by Thomas H. Musick. Population, 1899 (estimated), 600.

Hartville, Battle of.-After the repulse of the Confederates under General Marmaduke, on the 8th of January, 1863, at Springfield, they moved to Marshfield, and thence to Hartville, in Wright County, where a Federal garrison was stationed. The attack was made, January 11th, by Shelby's brigade, and was sternly met, many of the assailants going down before the destructive fire of a body of Union troops concealed in a dry ditch behind a high rail fence. Every captain in Shelby's regiment fell under these volleys, and Shelby had two horses shot, and Marmaduke one. The desperate nature of the fighting was maintained to the end, and although the Unionists were forced at last to evacuate the place, they were not pursued, and the Confederates gained little to compensate them for the loss of many valuable officers, among them Colonel John M. Wimer, ex-mayor of St. Louis, and Colonel Emmet McDonald, of St. Louis; Mayor George Kirtley, Captain Charles Turpin, Captain Dupuy and Lieutenant Royster. The battle was followed by the retreat of the Confederates into Arkansas, through bitter January weather, and was marked by great suffering.

The

Hartwig, Henry R. W., retired capitalist, soldier and politician, was born April 11, 1837, near Hesse-Cassel, Nieder Mollrich, Prussia. His parents were Frederick Oswald Hartwig and Elizabeth (Rosenblath) Hartwig. They were both born in Prussia, the father being engaged in agricultural pursuits in that country for many years. grandfather was a preacher of the German Reformed denomination, and traveled extensively, expounding the faith wherever he went. While on the island of Surinam, a Dutch possession, he met Miss Maria Louise Von Schalge, who became his wife. They returned to Prussia and there ended a life of ease and quiet retirement. Gustave C. Ludwig Hartwig, an uncle of Henry R. W., was a lieutenant in the Prussian Army under Bluecher, and participated in the battles of Leipsic and Waterloo. Henry received a good education in the schools of Hesse-Cassel, and at the close of his educational career he engaged in agricultural pursuits with his

father. The young man yearned for greater things, however, and soon decided to give up the quiet life of the farm and come to the country he had for years longed to see. It was in 1854 that Henry bade his loved ones farewell and came to America. He settled at Cleveland, Ohio, where he clerked in a dry goods store until the spring of 1857. The Western fever took a strong hold upon him and he moved to Council Bluffs, Iowa, spending one year in that locality and in Nebraska. In the spring of 1858 he went to St. Joseph, where he has since resided. Mr. Hartwig, after deciding to locate in St. Joseph permanently, first engaged in the business of outfitting miners for the long journey to Colorado. Those were the days of the Pike's Peak emigration, and the Colorado gold excitement was at its height. In one year Mr. Hartwig succeeded in saving a goodly sum of money, and when he combined the profits with the earnings of previous years he found that he was possessed of a comfortable sum, an amount, in fact, sufficiently large to enable him to embark in the wholesale and retail liquor business. Fortune again smiled, and, under the firm name of H. R. W. Hartwig & Co., the business was carried on until 1863, when Mr. Hartwig concluded to change his line of operations and engage in the grain and commission business. This proved to be a profitable experiment of one year's duration, but Mr. Hartwig preferred the line he had abandoned a few months before. Accordingly, he re-engaged in the wholesale and retail trade, combining groceries and liquors. In 1869 the grocery stock was sold, and from that time until 1888 Mr. Hartwig was engaged in the wholesale liquor and rectifying business. When he stepped aside from the ranks of active commercial life he had at his command a competency that has grown steadily through judicious investments and wise speculations. Mr. Hartwig's brother, E. F. Hartwig, succeeded to the business and is still at the head of one of the most substantial concerns of its kind in the West. Major Hartwig's military career was one of steady promotion and honorable advancement. The spirit of the true soldier was inborn, and from the day he entered the service, until his discharge, he had an untarnished record on the battlefield and in the disciplined camp. In the summer of 1861 he enlisted in Captain Harbine's company of Enrolled Missouri Militia