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through their misplanting the danger of the whole kingdom. Instead of 30,000 British in the escheated counties, there are not 7,000."

Peter Heylin, the celebrated champion of the English Church, thus laments over the progress of Puritanism at this period in Ireland while, at the same time, he unconsciously bears testimony to the exemplary care of the Presbyterians in maintaining the public preaching of the Gospel wherever they settled. (History of the Presbyterians from 1536 to 1647, p. 393, Oxford, 1670):

Hereupon followed the plantation of Ulster, first undertaken by the city. of London, who fortified Coleraine and built Londonderry, and purchased many thousand acres of land in the parts adjoining. But it was carried on more vigorously, as more unfortunately withal, by some adventurers of the Scottish nation, who poured themselves into this country as the richer soil; and, though they were sufficiently industrious in improving their own fortunes there, and set up preaching in all churches wheresoever they fixed, yet whether it happened for the better or for the worse, the event hath showed. For they brought with them hither such a stock of Puritanism, such a contempt of bishops, such a neglect of the public liturgy, and other Divine offices of this Church, that there was nothing less to be found amongst them than the government and forms of worship established in the Church of England.

NOTES TO CHAPTER XXXV

'This included all men of British descent between the ages of 16 and 60 belonging to the 1974 families, together with their tenants and servants.

9 Grazing.

Made in 1615.

CHAPTER XXXVI

STEWART'S AND BRERETON'S ACCOUNTS OF THE PLANTATION OF ULSTER

THE

HE Rev. Andrew Stewart, or Stuart, was minister of Donaghadee in county Down from 1645 to 1671. His father, who was also the Rev. Andrew Stewart, was a man of eminent piety. He was minister of Donegore, near Antrim, from 1627 to 1634. The author of the following short portion of the History of the Church of Ireland, was only ten years of age at the time of his father's death. The family were left in straitened circumstances; but the wants of the widow and her children were graciously supplied. When little more than twenty-one years of age, young Andrew was ordained to the pastoral charge of Donaghadee, where he labored a quarter of a century. Fleming, in his Fulfilling of the Scriptures,—the first part of which was published in 1674,-speaks of him as a worthy clerical brother, with whom he corresponded. "Mr. Andrew Stewart, minister of Donaghadee," says he, was a great observer of confirmations of the truth, whom I cannot mention without sorrow at the remembrance of the late removal of so eminent and useful a minister of Jesus Christ."

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In the early part of 1670, Mr. Greg of Newtownards was requested by his brethren "to endeavour the composing a History of the Beginning and Progress of the Gospel" in the North of Ireland; but he died in the July of the same year, and the task seems to have then devolved on Mr. Stewart. Kirkpatrick, in his Presbyterian Loyalty, speaks of both these gentlemen in terms of high commendation. "Mr. John Greg, Presbyterian minister in Newton, and Mr. Andrew Stewart, Presbyterian minister in Donaghadee, were" says he, men of great sagacity, judgment, and veracity, as many yet alive can testify." Mr. Stewart's work is divided into three chapters, and is entitled, "A Short Account of the Church of Christ as it was (1) Among the Irish at first; (2) Among and After the English entered ; (3) After the Entry of the Scots." The author, as is plain from various intimations, intended the third chapter to be the principal portion of his work; but his death, in the beginning of the year 1671, prevented the completion of his design. The first and second chapters, though constituting by far the greater portion of the manuscripts, are of little historical importance, and some of the materials are gathered from very doubtful authorities. All the lights of modern investigation have failed to illustrate satisfactorily the dark period to which they relate. The fragment of the third chapter, which is here published in full, supplies very valuable information.

The copy from which the following fragment has been taken is deposited among the Wodrow Manuscripts in the Advocate's Library, Edinburgh.

The subjoined letter from the Rev. Andrew Craford, minister of Carnmoney, will explain how the historian of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland happened to obtain the transcript. It may be proper to add that Mr. Livingston, mentioned in this communication, was the minister of Templepatrick, and the correspondent of Wodrow.

REV. AND DEAR SIR:

CARNMONEY, NIGH BELFAST, September 7, 1724.

The Papers which come along with this are a copy of some papers which were left by my uncle, the Rev. Andrew Stewart, minister of Donagadee, in the County of Down, and North of Ireland. The original was written with his own hand. I could have no greater assurance that it is his writing, except I had seen him write it, having carefully compared the writing with many other manuscripts of his, from the great respect I did justly bear to him, and found it a valuable performance. I took an exact copy some years ago for my own use; but the original itself being not now in my custody, I have transcribed this from my own copy with the greatest care and with my own hand which, though it is not as fair as I could wish-as multitude of business would not allow me the necessary time a fair draught would require—yet, I nothing doubt you will find it legible.

My near relation to the deceased author renders it improper for me to give you an ample character of him; but if you desire any further information concerning him, some care shall be taken to obtain it from more proper hands. His father was minister in Dunagor, in the county of Antrim, before the rebellion of the Irish in the year 1641, and among the first Presbyterian ministers who laboured in these parts after the Reformation; and my uncle, being then a young man, had the opportunity of being an eye witness to some of the most remarkable passages which he has inserted in these papers; which, if they give you any satisfaction in the reading, or can serve you in any of the good purposes you have in view, it will be my great satisfaction. However that be, you may depend on the exactness of the copy which I now send you by the influence and at the earnest desire of my dear brother, the Rev. William Livingston, who appears very solicitous to serve you, and joins with me in desiring the favour that you would allow it a place among your valuable Collection which you have made, and are still making for the service of the church.

I hope you will proceed in your exemplary industry; and that the Lord may assist and give you success in all your labours, is the fervent prayer of, rev. and dear sir, your most affectionate brother and humble servant, AND. CRAFORD.

For Rev. Mr. Wodrow.

Of the English, Mr. Stewart states, not many came over to Ireland : For it is to be observed, that being a great deal more tenderly bred at home in England, and entertained in better quarters than they could find here in Ireland, they were very unwilling to flock hither, except to good land, such as they had before at home, or to good cities where they might trade, both of which in these days were scarce enough here. Besides that the marshiness and fogginess of this island was still found unwholesome to English bodies, more tenderly bred and in a better air; so that we have seen, in our time, multitudes of them die of a flux called here the country disease, at their first entry. These things were such discouragements, that

the new English came but very slowly, and the old English were become no better than the Irish.

He then adds:

The King had a natural love to have Ireland planted with Scots, as being, beside their loyalty, of a middle temper, between the English tender and the Irish rude breeding, and a great deal more like to adventure to plant Ulster than the English, it lying far both from the English native land and more from their humour, while it lies nigh to Scotland, and the inhabitants not so far from the ancient Scots manners; so that it might be hoped that the Irish untoward living would be met both with equal firmness, if need be, and be especially allayed by the example of more civility and Protestant profession than in former times had been among them.

The progress of the plantation is thus described:

The Londoners have in Lagan a great interest, and built a city called Londonderry, chiefly planted with English. Coleraine, also, is built by them, both of them seaports, though Derry be both the more commodious and famous. Sir Hugh Clotworthy obtains the lands of Antrim, both fruitful and good, and invites thither several of the English, very good men, the Ellisses, Leslies, Langfords and others. Chichester, a worthy man, has an estate given him in the county of Antrim, where he improves his interest, builds the prospering mart Belfast, and confirms his interest in Carrickfergus, and builds a stately palace there. Conway has an estate given him in the county of Antrim, and builds a town, afterwards called Lisnegarvy, and this was planted with a colony of English also. Moses Hill had woodlands given him, which being thereafter demolished, left a fair and beautiful country, where a late heir of the Hills built a town called Hillsborough. All these lands and more were given to the English gentlemen, worthy persons, who afterwards increased and made noble and loyal families in places where formerly had been nothing but robbing, treason, and rebellion. Of the Scots nation, there was a family of the Balfours, of the Forbesses, of the Grahames, two of the Stewarts, and not a few of the Hamiltons. The Macdonnells founded the earldom of Antrim by King James's gift, the Hamiltons the earldoms of Strabane and Clanbrassil, and there were besides several knights of that name, Sir Frederick, Sir George, Sir Francis, Sir Charles his son, and Sir Hans, all Hamiltons; for they prospered above all others in this country after the first admittance of the Scots into it.

The writer then gives the following account of the settlement in the county of Down, of the Hamilton and Montgomery families, who proved the most successful promoters of the Scottish plantation, and were intimately connected with the subsequent vicissitudes of the Presbyterian Church in Ulster :

Therefore the lords having a good bargain themselves, make some of their friends sharers, as freeholders under them. Thus came several farmers under Mr. Montgomery, gentlemen from Scotland, and of the names of the Shaws, Calderwoods, Boyds, of the Keiths from the North. And some foundations are laid for towns, and incorporations, as Newton, Donaghadee, Comber, Old and New, Grey-Abbey. Many Hamiltons also followed Sir James, especially his own brethren, all of them worthy men; and other

farmers, as the Maxwells, Rosses, Barclays, Moors, Bayleys, and others whose posterity hold good to this day. He also founded towns and incorporations, viz., Bangor, Holywood and Killileagh, where he built a strong castle, and Ballywalter. These foundations being laid, the Scots came hither apace, and became tenants willingly and sub-tenants to their countrymen (whose manner and way they knew), so that in a short time the country began again to be inhabited.

The remainder of Stewart's History reads as follows:

The Third and Chiefly Intended Part of the History of the Church of Ireland as the Gospel Began, was Continued and Spread in this Island under our Lord Jesus Christ, after the Scots were naturalized.

I have given some account before, how the entry of the Scots was into this Island, and upon what political grounds it was established. I am now to show what course and prosperity the word of God had amongst them; but, before I come to this, I must show a little further what was done in the entry of King Charles I. Yet, let it still be remembered, that from the days of King James, and from the aforesaid Act made in his time, the North of Ireland began to be planted with Scots inhabitants, but they were so few at first and so inconsiderable, that they were not much noticed nor heard of almost, till after King James died and King Charles succeeded; in whose days the Scots began to be noticed, and yet they were not at first noticed by Charles himself, till the days of his deputy, or Lieutenant Wentworth-commonly called the Earl of Strafford.

King Charles, therefore, appointed him to be Lord Lieutenant of Ireland -a man of mighty state, but exceeding perverse against all godliness and the professors thereof. Under him the King held a Parliament in Ireland (commonly called decimo Caroli), in which some things concerning the church were enacted yet such as need not be much stuck upon-in regard, the most remarkable thing was the clergy giving to the King eight entire subsidies, which fell to be about the year 1634, at which time Ussher was Primate of all Ireland; yet, they did not this for nothing, for afterwards they obtained a lart Act to enable restitutions of impropriations and tythes, and other rights ecclesiastical to the clergy, with a restraint of alienating the same, and this is to be seen at large in the 10th and 11th Caroli. But, leaving these things, I intend with a straight course to carry on the History of propagating the Gospel among the new plantation of Scots, and to declare how it began, and by what instruments the Lord did it.

Whereas, I said before, King James had prepared a place and liberty in Ireland for them, and having given some lands to some men whom he had nobilitated, these men sought tenants for their lands; and from Scotland came many, and from England, not a few, yet all of them generally the scum of both nations, whom, for debt, or breaking and fleeing from justice, or seeking shelter, came hither, hoping to be without fear of man's justice in a land where there was nothing, or but little, as yet, of the fear of God. And in a few years there flocked such a multitude of people from Scotland that these northern counties of Down, Antrim, Londonderry, etc., were in a good measure planted, which had been waste before; yet most of the people, as I said before, made up a body (and it's strange, of different names, nations, dialects, tempers, breeding, and, in a word, all void of godliness), who seemed rather to flee from God in this enterprise than to follow their own mercy.' Yet God followed them when they fled from him— albeit, at first it must be

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