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-Peculiar Winds-Utility of the Winds-
Physical Seasons, lxxxvii.-Physical Cli

mate, lxxxviii.-The Thermometer, lxxxix.

-Magnetism, xc.-The Mariner's Compass,

EUROPE.

CHAP. III. CLIMATE, SOIL, AND PRODUCTIONS-CH.
mate, 45.-Soil and Productions, 47.-Mine
als, 48.-Fisheries-Animals, 49.- Bus,

Fish, and Insects, 50.

CHAP. IV. POPULATION-MANUFACTURES AND COM-

MERCE-MEASURES, WEIGHTS, AND MONEY, 50.

Tribes-Slavonians, 51-Finns-Tartars Pro-

per, 53.-Calmucks, Polar Tribes, and For-

eigners, 54.-Manufactures, 55.-Commerce,

57-Chinese Trade-Caspian Trade, 58-

Turkish Trade-Siberian Commerce-Baltic

Trade, 59-The Commerce of the Black Sea,

60.-Commerce on the Sea of Azof-Ameri-

can Establishments, 61.-Measures, Weights,

and Money-Computation of Time, 62.

CHAP. V. RELIGION, LITERATURE, ARTS AND SCI-

ENCES, EDUCATION, 63-Festivals-Blessing

of the Waters, 65.-Ecclesiastics-Early Lit-

erature, 66.-Modern Literature, 68-Print-
ing-Offices-Establishments for Education,

70.-Theological Institutions, 72.

CHAP. VI. CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT-The

Autocrat, 72.-The Nobility-Freemen, 73-

Peasants-Administration, 74.-Laws, 75.-

Ecclesiastical Constitution, 76.-The Army,

77.-Military Colonies, 78-The Navy, 80-

The Revenue, 81.

CHAP. VII. PARTICULAR GEOGRAPHY-PROVINCES

of the Baltic-1st, Petersburg-The Metro-

polis, 82.-Its Amusements, 85.-Vapour

Baths-Society, 87.- Seminaries, 88.-2d,

Finland, 89.-Lapmarks-Aland Islands-3d,

Esthonia-4th, Livonia-Riga, 91.-Dorpt-

Oesel-5th, Courland, 92.

CHAP. VIII, GREAT RUSSIA-1st, Moskva, 92.-The
City of Moscow, 93.-The Kremle, 94-The
Exercise House-The Churches, 95.-Festi.
val of the Resurrection, 96.-Bells-Found.

ling Hospital, 98.-Dwarfs-Wells of Mit-

istch-Monastery of the Holy Trinity, 99.-

2d, Smolensk-Town of Smolensk, 100.-3d,
Pskov-4th, Twer-5th, Novogorod-Town
of Novogorod-6th, Olonetz, 101-7th, Arch-

angel-Islands-8th, Vologda, 102.-9th, Ya-

roslav-10th, Kostroma-11th, Vladimir-

12th, Nishegorod-13th, Tambof-14th, Ria-

san-15th, Tula-16th, Kaluga-17th, Orel-

18th, Kursk-19th, Voronesh, 103.

CHAP. IX. LITTLE RUSSIA-1st, Kief, 104.-2d,

Tschernigov-3d, Pultava-4th, Slobodsk-

Ukraine, 105.

CHAP. X. SOUTHERN RUSSIA-1st, Ikaterinoslav,

105.-Towns, 106.-Tumuli-2d, Cherson-

Odessa, 107.-3d, Taurida-Cossacks of the

Black Sea, 108-4th, Don Cossacks, 109.-5th,

Bessarabia-Ismael, 110.

CHAP. XI. WESTERN RUSSIA-1st, Wilna, 110-

Towns-2d, Grodno-3d, Bialystock-4th,
Vitebsk-5th, Mohilev, 1116th, Minsk-

7th, Volkynia-8th, Podolia, 112.

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GOVERNMENT OF TRIESTE, Comprising the Cir.

cles of Goerz, Istria, Fiume, and Karlstadt,

309.

THE TYROL, 310.-History of, 311.-Physical Fea-
tures, 313.-Rivers, 314.-Productions, 315.
-Topography-Circles of Unter-Junthal,
Ober-Iunthal, Pasterthal, Adige, Korevedo,
and Vorarlberg, 316.

KINGDOM OF BOHEMIA-History of, 318.-Physical

Features-Rivers-Climate-Soil and Pro-

duce, 319.-Minerals, 320-Manufactures-

Inhabitants, 321.-Religion and Government

-Topography-City of Prague, 322.-Circles

of Kaurzim, Beraun, Rakonitz, Swabz, and

Leitmeritz, 323.-Circles of Bunzlau, Bids-

chow, Konigingratz, Chrudim, Czaslau, Ta-

bor, Budweis, Pilsen, and Ellnbogen, &c.

324.

MARGRAVIATE OF MORAVIA AND AUSTRIAN SILESIA,

324.-Physical Features of Population and

Government-Topography-Olmutz-Brunn
-Troppan, &c. 325.

CHAP. VIII. PRUSSIAN STATES OF GERMANY-Pro-

vince of Brandenburg-History of, 326.-

Physical Features-Rivers and Canals, 327.-

Lakes Climate and Productions-Inhabi-

tants-Topography-District and City of

Berlin, 328.-District of Potsdam, 330.-Dis-

trict of Frankfort, 331.

PROVINCE OF POMERANIA-Physical Features-
Climate and Productions, 331.-Population-
Districts of Stettin, Stralsund, Island of
Rugen, 332.-Koslin, 333.

PROVINCE OF SILESIA-History-Physical Fea-

tures, 333.-Rivers and Lakes, 334.-Climate

and Agriculture-Commerce-Inhabitants,

335.-Religion and State of Education, 336.—

Topography-District of Breslau, 337-Dis-

tricts of Oppeln, Reichenbach, and Leignitz,

338.

PROVINCE OF SAXONY, 338.-Physical Features

and Soil, 339.-Mountains-Rivers-Produc-

tions and Commerce-Inhabitants, 339.-To-

pography-Districts of Magdeburg, Merse-

burg, and Erfurt, 340.

PROVINCE OF WESTPHALIA, 341.

PROVINCE OF CLEVE-BERG, 242.-Physical Fea-

tures-Productions and Inhabitants, 343.-

Topography-Districts of Cleve, Duesseldorf,

Cologne, 344.

PROVINCE OF LOWER RHINE-Physical Features

and Productions, 345.-Inhabitants-Laws

and Commerce-Topography-Districts of

Coblentz and Aix-la-Chapelle, 346.-Treves,

317.

CHAP. IX. KINGDOM OF BAVARIA-History of, 348.

-Physical Features, 349.-Mountains-Riv-

ers and Lakes-Climate, Soil, and Produce,

350.- Minerals - Manufactures and Com-

merce-Inhabitants-Religion and Govern-

ment, 351.-Army, 352.-TOPOGRAPHY-Cir.

cle of the Iser-Munich, 355.-Lower Dan-

ube and Regen Circles-Ratisbon, 356.-Up-

per Mayne and Rezat Circles, 357.-Upper

Danube Circle- Augsburg, 358.- Under

Mayne and Rhine Circles, 359.

CHAP. X. KINGDOM OF SAXONY-History of, 360.

-Physical Features, 362.-Rivers-Soil and

Produce Manufactures and Commerce, 363.

Mines, 364.- Inhabitants-Literature and

Government, 365-Revenue and Army-

Topography-Circle of Meissen-Dresden,

366.-Circle of Leipzig, 367.-Circle of Erze-

gebirge, 369.-Circles of Voigtland and Lusa-
tia, 370.

CHAP. XI. KINGDOM OF HANOVER-Boundaries-
History, 371.-Physical Features, 374.-Kiv-
ers and Lakes-Climate-Soil and Produce,

375.-Minerals, 376-Commerce and Manu-

factures-Inhabitants-Religion, 377.-Liter-

ature-University of Gottingen, 378.-Con-

stitution-Revenue, 379.-Military Force-

Topography-Principality of Kalenberg-

City of Hanover, 380.-Principality of Got-

tingen, 381.-Principalities of Grubenhagen

and Luneburg-County of Hoya and Dei-

pholz-Province of Bremen, 382.-Provinces

of Osnabruck, Hildesheim, and East Fries-

land, 383.-Provinces of Bentheim and Holm-

stein, 384.

CHAP. XII. KINGDOM OF WIRTEMBERG-Bound-
aries and Extent-History, 384.-Physical

Features-Soil and Produce-Minerals, 386--

Manufactures-Inhabitants-Literature and

Government, 387.-Revenue and Military

Force-Topography, 358.—Circle of the

Neckar-Cities of Stuttgard, &c.-Circle of

the Black Forest, 389-Circles of the Danube

and Jaxt, 390.

CHAP. XIII. GRAND DUCHY OF BADEN-Boundaries
and Extent History, 391.- Physical Fea-
tures, &c. 392.-Inhabitants and Education,
393-Government, &c.-Topography-Cir-

cles of Murg, Kinzig, Treisam, Lake, Neckar,

Mayne, and Tauber, 394.

CHAP. XIV. THE ELECTORATE of hessen-Bound-

aries and Extent, 395.-History-Physical

Features and Productions, 396.-Inhabitants,

Government, &c.-Chief Towns, 397.

CHAP. XV. THE GRAND DUCHY OF HESSEN-DARM-

STADT-Boundaries and Extent-History-

Physical Features, 398.-Productions-Popu-

lation and Government-Civil Divisions and

Chief Cities, 399.

CHAP. XVI. THE DUCHIES OF HOLSTEIN AND LAUKS-

BURG, 400.

CHAP. XVII. THE GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBURG,

400.

CHAP. XVIII. THE GRAND DUCHY OF SACHSEN-WEI-

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tures-Industry and Commerce-Mines, 455.

-Religion and Education-Government, 456.

-Topography, Embracing the Civil Divi-

sions and Chief Towns, 457.

THE MILITARY FRONTIERS-Boundaries and Ex-
tent-Physical Features, 457.-Soil-Climate

and Productions-Population and Govern.

ment, 458.-Military Force and Revenue-

Topographical Description, 459.

KINGDOM OF DALMATIA-Boundaries and Extent
-History, 460.-Physical Features-Moun-
tains, 461.-Seas and Rivers, 462.-Climate-
Agriculture and Productions, &c. 463-Po-

pulation-Government, 464-Topographical

Description, 465.

CHAP. IV. AUSTRIAN ITALIAN STATES, 468.

MARGRAVIATE OF MORAVIA AND AUSTRIAN SILESIA,

324.-Physical Features of Population and

Government-Topography-Olmutz-Brunn

-Troppan, &c. 325.

CHAP. VIII. PRUSSIAN STATES OF GERMANY-Pro-

vince of Brandenburg-History of, 326.-

Physical Features-Rivers and Canals, 327.-

Lakes Climate and Productions-Inhabi-

tants-Topography-District and City of

Berlin, 328.-District of Potsdam, 330.-Dis-

trict of Frankfort, 331.

PROVINCE OF POMERANIA-Physical Features-

Climate and Productions, 331.-Population-

Districts of Stettin, Stralsund, Island of

Rugen, 332.-Koslin, 333.

PROVINCE OF SILESIA-History-Physical Fea-

tures, 333.-Rivers and Lakes, 334.-Climate

and Agriculture-Commerce-Inhabitants,

335.-Religion and State of Education, 336.—

Topography-District of Breslau, 337-Dis-

tricts of Oppeln, Reichenbach, and Leignitz,

338.

PROVINCE OF SAXONY, 338.-Physical Features

and Soil, 339.-Mountains-Rivers-Produc-

tions and Commerce-Inhabitants, 339.-To-

pography-Districts of Magdeburg, Merse-

burg, and Erfurt, 340.

PROVINCE OF WESTPHALIA, 341.

PROVINCE OF CLEVE-BERG, 242.-Physical Fea-

tures-Productions and Inhabitants, 343.-

Topography-Districts of Cleve, Duesseldorf,

Cologne, 344.

PROVINCE OF LOWER RHINE-Physical Features
and Productions, 345.-Inhabitants-Laws
and Commerce-Topography-Districts of
Coblentz and Aix-la-Chapelle, 346.-Treves,
317.

CHAP. IX. KINGDOM OF BAVARIA-History of, 348.

-Physical Features, 349.-Mountains-Riv-

ers and Lakes-Climate, Soil, and Produce,

350.- Minerals - Manufactures and Com-

merce-Inhabitants-Religion and Govern-

ment, 351.-Army, 352.-TOPOGRAPHY-Cir-

cle of the Iser-Munich, 355.-Lower Dan-

ube and Regen Circles-Ratisbon, 356.-Up-

per Mayne and Rezat Circles, 357.-Upper

Danube Circle- Augsburg, 358.- Under

Mayne and Rhine Circles, 359.

CHAP. X. KINGDOM OF SAXONY-History of, 360.

-Physical Features, 362.-Rivers-Soil and

Produce Manufactures and Commerce, 363.

Mines, 364. Inhabitants-Literature and

Government, 365-Revenue and Army-

Topography-Circle of Meissen-Dresden,

366.-Circle of Leipzig, 367.-Circle of Erze-

gebirge, 369.-Circles of Voigtland and Lusa-

tia, 370.

CHAP. XI. KINGDOM OF HANOVER-Boundaries-

History, 371.-Physical Features, 374-Kiv-

ers and Lakes-Climate-Soil and Produce,

375.-Minerals, 376-Commerce and Manu-

factures-Inhabitants-Religion, 377.--Liter-

ature-University of Gottingen, 378.-Can-

stitution-Revenue, 379.-Military Force-

Topography-Principality of Kalenberg-

City of Hanover, 380.-Principality of Got

tingen, 381.-Principalities of Grubenhagen

and Luneburg-County of Hoya and Dei-

pholz-Province of Bremen, 382.-Provinces

of Osnabruck, Hildesheim, and East Fries.

land, 383.-Provinces of Bentheim and Holm.

stein, 384.

CHAP. XII. KINGDOM OF WIRTEMBERG-Bound-

aries and Extent-History, 384.-Physical

Features-Soil and Produce-Minerals, 386-

Manufactures-Inhabitants-Literature and

Government, 387.-Revenue and Military

Force-Topography, 368.-Circle of the

Neckar-Cities of Stuttgard, &c.-Circle of

the Black Forest, 389-Circles of the Danube

and Jaxt, 390.

CHAP. XIII. GRAND DUCHY OF BADEN-Boundaries

and Extent-History, 391.- Physical Fea-

tures, &c. 392.-Inhabitants and Education,

393-Government, &c.-Topography-Cir.

cles of Murg, Kinzig, Treisam, Lake, Neckar,

Mayne, and Tauber, 394.

CHAP. XIV. The electoraTE OF HESSEN-Bound-

aries and Extent, 395.-History-Physical

Features and Productions, 396.-Inhabitants,

Government, &c.-Chief Towns, 397.

CHAP. XV. THE GRAND DUCHY OF HESSEN-DARM-

STADT-Boundaries and Extent-History-

Physical Features, 398.-Productions-Popu-

lation and Government-Civil Divisions and

Chief Cities, 399.

CHAP. XVI. THE DUCHIES OF HOLSTEIN AND LAURY-

BURG, 400.

CHAP. XVII. THE GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBURG,

400.

CHAP. XVIII. THE GRAND DUCHY OF SACHSEN-WEI-

MAR, 400.

CHAP. XIX. THE DUCHY OF SACHSEN-GOTHA, 402.

CHAP. XX. THE DUCHY OF SACHSEN-MEININGEN

403.

CHAP. XXI. THE DUCHY OF SACHSEN-HILDBURG-

HAUSEN, 403.

CHAP. XXII. DUCHY OF SACHSEN-COBURG-SAAL-

FELD, 403.

CHAP. XXIII. DUCHY OF BRUNSWICK, 404.

CHAP. XXIV. THE GRAND DUCHY OF MECKLENBURG-

SCHWERIN, 405.

CHAP. XXV.

GRAND

STRELITZ, 407.

CHAP. XXVI. GRAND DUCHY OF HOLSTEIN OLDEN-

BURG, 408.

DUCHY OF MECKLENBURG.

CHAP. XXVII. DUCHY OF NASSAU, 409.

CHAP. XXVIII. DUCHY OF ANHALT-DESSAU, 411.

CHAP. XXIX, DUCHY OF ANHALT-BERNBURG, 412.

CHAP. XXX. DUCHY OF ANHALT-KOTHEN, 412.

CHAP. ΧΧΧΙ. PRINCIPALITY OF SCHWARZBURG.

SONDERSHAUSEN, 413.

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