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Vicaridge.' When this ceased he told the gaoler that he must live upon the allowance of the country. This the jailer told him could never be, for the utmost Allowance was but a Penny per Diem for Bread and Water to drink.' To this he submitted for two months with an admirable result: 'For whereas before he was Forty Years old he was so extremely afflicted with the gout that the Physicians did not believe he could live Two Years longer; his Constitution was by this Change of Diet and Abstemiousness so altered, that he never had the gout after, but enjoyed great Degrees of Health, notwithstanding his being a very hard Student even till after Eighty Years of Age.'

Another instance of the 'survival of the fittest' is to be found at Ufford, near Woodbridge. The date of the Mandate of the Induction of Richard Lovekin, Clerk, to the rectory of that parish bears date June 2, 1631. It is recorded that in the Great Rebellion he was plundered of all his goods, except one silver spoon, which he hid in his sleeve. Yet he lived through the Commonwealth, returned to his benefice at the Restoration, and performed his duties to the last, preaching on the Sunday before his death. He was buried September 23, 1678, in the one hundred and eleventh year of his age.

In the First Century of Scandalous Ministers appear the following:

Paragraph 20, case of Robert Cotesford, Rector of Hadleigh.

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Richard Hart, Rector of Hargrave.
Alexander Clarke, Vicar of Bredfield.
William Evans, Rector of Sandcroft.
Cuthbert Dale, Rector of Kettleburrough.

Nicholas King, Vicar of Friston and Snape.

John Wells, Rector of Shimplyn.

Thomas Geary, Rector of Beddingfield.

John Ramew, Rector of Kettlebaston.
Miles Goultie, Vicar of Walton.

Samuel Alsop, Vicar of Acton.

Matthew Clay, Rector of Chelsworth.
James Buck, Vicar of Stradbrooke.
Robert Shephard, Rector of Hepworth.
Samuel Scrivener, Rector of Westhropp.

The charges against them, as against those whom I have just cited from Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy,' are in some cases very lengthy.

To judge from the registers, the new men appointed under the Earl of Manchester's commission were as scholars far inferior to their predecessors. The fine, precise, clerkly hand generally gives place to an illiterate scrawl, and sometimes for years in large parishes there are very few entries. Births instead of baptisms, contracts of marriages before justices of the peace, and burials, amount to an insignificant number, which rises again when the Commonwealth chaos ends and the old order returns.

And

The gentry of Suffolk were divided not very unequally between King and Cause, as far as I can judge. Sir Thomas Glemham of Little Glemham, belonging to the same family as the Elizabethan sea- rover, Edward Glemham, takes a prominent place among the Cavaliers. Clarendon describes him as of courage and integrity unquestionable, but not of a sufficiently stirring and active nature. The Yorkshire gentlemen procured his appointment as commander in York, and he justified their choice by holding Newcastle against the Scotch in January, 1644. After Marston Moor he had no choice but to surrender York on honourable conditions. so,' says Clarendon, he marched with all his troops to Carlisle, which he afterwards defended with very remarkable circumstances of courage, industry, and patience.' Under which head the making drunk of two Scotch envoys sent to treat about surrender, as related by Tullie,1 should be classed, is not manifest. Afterwards, though sorely vexed by the grant of the barony of Brandon, where some of his inheritance lay, to Sir Charles Gerrard, he still served his Sovereign faithfully, ruled Oxford for him, went into exile when he had compounded for his estate, and died in Holland in 1649. Colonel Robert Gosnold of Otley, who had married a daughter of Bishop Jegon's, and Major Naunton of Letheringham, were acting 1 Ferguson's 'Cumberland,' p. 261.

under Glemham at Carlisle. Sir Sackville Glemham was an active Cavalier. Henry Glemham, D.D., survived the troubled times, became Bishop of St. Asaph in 1667, died two years afterwards, and lies in Little Glemham Church with his gallant brother. On the other side, the regicide William Heveningham of Heveningham may be named. The Heveninghams can be traced back far into the Middle Ages, but Gipps, who calls him a 'daring monster,' notes with evident satisfaction that soon after the execution of Charles I. 'the family wither'd and came to nothing.'

Intense grief was felt at the King's execution, and that not only among Royalists, though they experienced the sharpest pangs. Francis Sancroft of Fressingfield, father of the Archbishop, died in the course of about three weeks, and his son evidently regarded sorrow as a main cause of the death. The Sunday following the execution was February 4, and the occurrence of Psalms xx. and xxi. in the morning service cheered the hearts of those who, amidst all turns of weal and woe, followed hereditary right. A portrait of the Archbishop, who was then a Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, was painted the next year, and remains at Gawdy Hall, the residence of John Sancroft Holmes, Esq., the representative of the family. It depicts William Sancroft as holding a Hebrew Bible open in his hand, and in Hebrew characters Tehilim, Caph, Caph Aleph (Psalms xx., xxi.) may be clearly seen at the top of the page. Truly, the patience of the defeated party was tried. The events at Dunbar and Worcester put the young King far from them. Yet the hand of the victorious Puritan touched

the county lightly in confiscation. There is a great paucity of Suffolk names in those acts. In the third of them, 1652, we find Thomas Webb, son to Roger Webb (of Long Parliament election fame, under the elm at Ipswich) of (Ixworth no doubt fills the blank); Henry Fernes, late of Walderswick (sic); Thomas Allen of Laystuff, mariner (belonging probably to the Somerleyton family); and Anthony Mowsey of Cattam, deceased.

The dreary Commonwealth period passed away, and to do the ruling powers justice, there was a marked absence of that greed which distinguished the reign of Edward VI. Elizabethan church-plate remained unmelted, and bells, though perhaps loved but little, were let alone. In some instances there was recasting, and in one (Stansfield) an entirely new peal. This was in 1652, and the founder was Miles Graye the younger, whose father, of the same name-one of the best bell-founders England has ever seen-died in June, 1649, 'weak in body and crased with age, but yet in p'fect mind and memory.' In the previous year the old man had witnessed the burning of his 'capitall messuage' below Headgate, in Colchester.1

A mighty wind arises on September 3, 1658. Tiles and chimney-pots are flying like hail. Trees which had witnessed many a vicissitude in human affairs meet their own great change. The spire of Whepstead Church comes down with a frightful crash, and in this turmoil of things material the iron spirit of Oliver Cromwell passes away. Publichouse signs bearing the figure of a man defying the laws of gravitation by tumbling off the world, and designated Tumble-down Dick, still mark the derision which was excited by the collapse of Richard Cromwell.

Meanwhile, the friends of Charles II. were actively, though secretly, working for him; and in Henham Hall the following letter to John Rous, shortly afterwards created a Baronet, attests the gratitude of the exiled prince :

'Breda, 27 April, 1660.

'It is no newes to me to heare of your good affection, which I always promised my selfe from your family, yett I was very well pleased with the accounte this bearer brought to me from you, of the activity you have lately vsed for the promoting my interest, in which so many have followed the good example you gave, that I hope I and you and the whole nation shall shortly receave the fruite

1 See my 'Church Bells of Suffolk,' p. 119.

of it, and that I may give you my thankes in your owne country in the meane time you may be confident I am, 'Your affectionate frinde,

'CHARLES R.'

Then comes the Restoration. The survivors of the gloomy days of Civil War, and subsequent liberty to do the will of the presiding Major-General, return to the old rectories and vicarages. James Fale comes back to Fressingfield, and Lionel Playters to Uggeshall. The registers show the old scholarly handwriting again, and baptisms, marriages, and burials are recorded as in the pre- Mancestrian days. Our acquaintance Buck of Stradbroke becomes Master of the Temple, and remains an everlasting monument of the benefits of total abstinence. The subscribers to the Solemn League and Covenant, as at Dennington, experience no qualms of conscience in expressing the utmost abhorrence of that famous instrument. Effigies of Oliver Cromwell and Hugh Peters, lists of the regicides, the Westminster Directory, the Covenant, and sundry other miscellaneous articles, were burnt by the hangman in a general infection of joy. Bury and Halesworth are prominent in this outburst of feeling.

Bishop Hall, in piety and pleasant wit inferior to no man of that period, after undergoing the afflictions recommended in his 'Hard Measure,' had died in 1656, and the see of Norwich was filled by the learned and moderate Edward Reynolds, who died in 1676, and was buried at Norwich on August 9, with great state. To him succeeded Anthony Sparrow, of liturgical fame.

One institution, which remained till my early days, was certainly encouraged, if not set on foot, by Bishop Sparrow. This was the Bury Wednesday Lecture, largely attended by the families of wealthy farmers and others who went in to Bury market. The printed sheet remains at Hardwick Hall, dated 1685, and was published in the East

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