interrupted series of eleven bays, the twelfth making a presbytery. The section of the pier is very complex, the shafts under the soffits of the arch are semi-octagonal; the arches are of a sort of four-centred form; the clerestory has only one segmental window, with Ogee tracery in each bay, with a niche on each side of the roof-shaft. This, it will be remembered, is a different arrangement from that of Martock and of St. Mary's at Oxford, where the niche actually takes the place of the shaft as the apparent support of the roof. The spandrils are large and plain, but, as there is an unusual amount of blank space in the clerestory also, this is hardly felt. At Swaffham the arcades are Decorated, but the clerestory, with its thirteen windows and its magnificent roof, ranks among the finest and most characteristic specimens of the local Perpendicular. Hingham has also a Perpendicular clerestory over Decorated arcades; but here, though the roof is grand, the windows are small and single, and inserted, Sussex-fashion, over the pillars instead of over the arches. Wymondham has a Perpendicular clerestory of single windows over its vast Norman arcade and triforium. Several of the Norwich churches afford good studies of the style under various modifications. St. John Maddermarket is perhaps the best of the smaller buildings. St. Andrew's Hall, which, it will be remembered, is the desecrated nave of a monastic church, is a very characteristic specimen, and differs in nothing from purely parochial examples. The piers are lozenge-shaped, sending up roof-shafts, of which each alternate one is broken by a capital at the impost of the pier arch. There are two windows over each arch, the intermediate roof-shaft rising from the apices. St. Peter Mancroft is managed in the same way in the two latter respects, but it is a building of a much more ornate character than that last mentioned, and differs widely from it in almost everything else. The piers are not of the ordinary Perpendicular type, but rather resemble those of the earlier styles; they are not lozenges with shafts attached, but clusters of shafts with hollows between them; the capitals of the shafts also include the whole pier, so that there is no continuity between the arch and the pier, nor any shafts rising from the floor to the roof. As at Martock, and St. Mary's, Oxford, niches are introduced among the supports of the roof, but the peculiar manner of their treatment differs widely from those examples. There they are placed in the clerestory range; here they come immediately above the piers, and support the alternate shafts of the roof, the others rising from the tops of the arches. Two other very fine churches in Norwich, St. Andrew and St. Stephen, should be studied in connexion with the Bristol homonym of the latter. It may be remembered that I extolled that church as possessing some of the finest arcades in existence, but remarked that their effect was much marred by the poor clerestory and the awkward way in which the window-sills were brought down to the arch, so as to form a kind of flat pilaster above the piers. Here the space is filled up with panelling, according to the manner I have already described. Both these churches have fourcentred pier-arches, but the piers are widely different ; St. Andrew has the common form, only no shafts run up to the roof, whose supports are corbelled off just below the clerestory windows. St. Stephen has a singular modification of the octagonal form, with a kind of clustered shaft at each angle. Both these churches are of late date. The history of St. Andrew's is contained in a quaint inscription preserved therein: "This Church was builded of Timber and Stone and Bricks In the year of our Lord God XV hundred and six, And lately translated from extreme Idolatry St. Stephen was commenced earlier than St. Andrew, namely, in 1501, but its tale of timber and stone and bricks was not finished till four years after the happy "translation " of the other. Its west end was not fully completed till 1550, a time when generally more churches were pulled down than built up. St. Mary's at Bury is a splendid structure, remarkable for its gigantic scale, the nave alone consisting of ten bays, and for its magnificent roof. Its details however are but poor; the elevations are of the most typical character. The choir aisles are worth notice, as one of the best examples of a singular localism of this district. It is very common to find, placed between the windows of the aisles, an arch rising from a shaft, which at first sight looks as if it were traced out for contemplated vaulting. This instance is one of several which show that such could not have been the case, as the shaft which throws off these arches is continued above them to support the roof. It cannot fail to be remarked how closely analogous this is to the trefoil arches over the clerestory windows at Banwell and some other Somersetshire examples. It is in fact the same in principle as the apparent pier-arches in the chancel walls at Cogenhoe, Cuddesden, and Battle, in which latter case an ingenious later alteration has converted some of them into real ones. |