East-Anglia, 306 and note 2;
prevents Ethelwold from going
over sea, 295, note 2; driven from
court, 306 and note 5; returns,
315 and note 2

Eadgifu, daughter of Eadward the
Elder, married to Charles the
Simple, 249; takes refuge in
England, 265; recalled by Lewis,

266

Eadgyth, daughter of Eadward the
Elder, marries Otto the German,
249

Eadgyth, daughter of Godwine,
marries Eadward the Confessor,
500; sent to a monastery, 530 ;
brought back, 535; surrenders
Winchester to William, 572
Eadhild, daughter of Eadward the

Elder, marries Hugh the Great, 250
Eadmund, St., king of East-Anglia,

martyred by the Danes, 96; his
life written by Abbo of Fleury,
340; abbey built over his relics,
96; refounded by Cnut, 433
Eadmund, son of Eadward the
Elder, at Brunanburh, 254;
marries Æthelflæd, 261; succeeds
Ethelstan as king, 269; his
policy, ib.; his royal style, ib.,
note 2; his struggle with the
Danelaw, 271, 272; drives out
Olaf and Ragnald, 274 and note
1; harries Cumberland, 277;
grants it to Malcolm, 278; his
hunting adventure at Cheddar,
285; receives ambassadors from
Otto, ib. and note 1; his alliance
with Lewis, 280; his death, 280,
281; buried at Glastonbury, 300;
his children, 286; his reform of
the law of feud, 27, 278, 279
Eadmund, son of Æthelred II., called
Ironside, 417; sent to England
with pledges from Ethelred, 413;
dissensions with Eadric, 414; his
marriage, ib. ; opposes Cnut, 415;
falls back on Northumbria, ib. ;
joins Ethelred in London, ib. ;
crowned king there, 416; raises
forces in Somerset and Devon,
ib.; meets Cnut in Wiltshire, ib.;
relieves London, ib.; defeats the

Danes at Brentford, ib. ; returns
to the west, ib. ; drives the Danes
into Sheppey, 416, 417; joined
by Eadric and the Mercians, 417;
by Ulfeytel and the East-Ang-
lians, ib.; defeated at Assandun,
ib.; treaty of Olney, 418; his
death and burial, ib.; Chat's
pilgrimage to his tomb, 433; his
sons, 472; they fly to Hungary,
420, 556

Eadmund, ealdorman, 311, note 2,
316, note 1

Eadred, son of Eadward the Elder
and Eadgifu, 269, note 1; his
friendship with Dunstan, 285,
286; succeeds Eadmund, 286;
Dunstan his chief adviser, 287;
his crowning at Kingston, 287,
288; his proclamation, 287 and
note 2; his royal style, ib., 288
and note 2, 299; the Scots renew
their alliance with, 289; oath of
allegiance from Northumbria, ib. ;
authority for his reign, 289, note
4; his ill-health, 290, 299; sub-
dues Northumbria, 291; final
submission of the Danelaw to,
293; reduces Northumbria to an
earldom, ib.; his witenagemots,
298; peace of his last years, ib. ;
meets the Northumbrian chiefs at
Abingdon, ib., note; his imperial
claims, 288, 299; sends envoys to
Otto, 299, note 1; falls sick at
Frome, 299: his death and burial,
300

Eadric and Hlothere, laws of, 21,
notes 1 and 3

Eadric succeeds Wulfgeat as High

Reeve, 399; his vigorous policy,
400; charges against him, ib. ;
his surname of "Streona," ib,
note; made ealdorman of Mercia,
401 marries a daughter of Æthel-
red II., ib.; his policy, 400; his
re-organization of the army and
the fleet, 402, 403; hinders an
engagement with Thurkill, 407;
falls back into Mercia, 408; his
ealdormanry called "Myreena-
rice," ib. ; ravages the Welsh coast,
409; slays two chief thegns of the

Seven Boroughs, 414; heads the
host against Cnut, ib. ; his quarrel
with Eadmund, ib.; joins Cnut,
415; accompanies him to the
siege of London, ib.; rejoins
Eadmund, 417; charged with
desertion at Assandun, 418;
mediates between Eadmund and
Cnut, ib.; slain, 420
Eadsige made archbishop of Canter-
bury, 545; his death, 524
Eadward the Elder, son of Elfred,

171: his education, 157, note 2,
190 and note 2; attacks the Wik-
ings' camp in Essex, 172; defeats
them at Buttington, ib.; his
temper, 190; his accession, 191 ;
authorities for his reign, 198, note,
191, note 4; his victory over
Ethelwald, 191; renews the Frith
of Wedmore, ib. ; union of Wes-
sex and Mercia under him, 192;
his change in the royal style, ib.
and note; repulses the Danes at
Tottenhale, 195; harries the
Danelaw, ib.; musters a fleet in
the Channel, 196; takes the lower
valley of the Thames from Mercia
and annexes it to Wessex, 197;
founds Hertford, ib.; annexes
southern Essex, 198; rebuilds
Colchester, 205; the Danes of
East-Anglia, Essex, and Cam-
bridge submit to him, 205, 206;
takes Buckingham, 203; Bedford,
Towcester, and Northampton, 204;
Huntingdon, 205; Stamford, 206;
Nottingham and Lincoln, 208;
fortifies Witham, 198; Bucking-
ham, 203; Bedford, Towcester,
Maldon, and Wigmore, 204;
Huntingdon and Colchester, 205;
Stamford, 206; Nottingham, 208;
Thelwell, Manchester, and Bake-
well, 214; takes Mercia into his
own hands, 208; the North-Welsh
brought under his direct govern-
ment, ib. and note 2; receives
oaths of allegiance from English
and Danes, 211, 212; builds a
bridge at Nottingham, 214, 439;
league of the North against,
216; its submission, 217 and

note 1; his death, 217; marriages
of his daughters, 249, 250; child-
ren of his three marriages, 269,
note 1; his law against witch-
craft, 10

Eadward the Martyr, son of Eadgar
and Ethelflæd, 320; named by
Eadgar as his successor, 352;
his claim to the Crown supported
by Elfhere, ib.; by Dunstan
and Oswald, 353; his crowning,
ib.; opposition to, 354; slain,
355; buried at Wareham, 356;
counted a martyr, ib.; buried
at Shaftesbury, 357; succession
of the ealdormen under him, 372,
note; his anniversary instituted
by Cnut, 433

Eadward the Confessor, son of
Ethelred and Emma, his Norman
education, 412; makes a descent
at Southampton, 480; summoned
by Harthacnut and recognized.
as heir to the throne, 485; his
title of Confessor, ib.; his per-
sonal appearance, 486; his Ñor-
man sympathies, ib. ; returns to
Normandy, ib. crowned at Win-
chester, 487; chosen king by the
English people, 488; his alleged
promise to Swein Estrithson, 489;
unwillingness to accept the
crown, 491; his Norman followers,
492; his political position, 495;
growth of administration under
him, 493, note; his use of a seal,
ib.; his position in Wessex, 499 ;
makes his home at Westminster,
ib.; re-distribution of the earl-
doms under him, 500; marries
Eadgyth, ib.; influence of his
Norman counsellors, 501; gathers
a fleet at Sandwich to support the
Emperor against Flanders, 522;
opposes Elfric's election to Can-
terbury and appoints Robert of
Jumièges, 525; orders Godwine to
punish the citizens of Dover, 527;
refuses to give up Eustace, 528;
his measures after Godwine's
flight, 530; visited by William,
531; his alleged promises of the
crown to William, 491, 531 and

note; gathers a fleet and army to
meet Godwine, 533; his Norman
counsellors outlawed, 534, 535;
his court after Godwine's return,
536; his reorganization of the
chancery, 547; his chaplains, 545,
546; his relations with Godwine's
sons, 554; calls home the Æthel-
ing Eadward, 556; sends Siward
to make war on Macbeth, 559;
sends Gisa of Wells to Rome for
consecration, 580; his death, 568,

581

Eadward, son of Eadmund Ironside,

;

finds shelter in Hungary, 556;
called home by the Confessor, ib.
his death, 565
Eadwine, earl of Mercia, 567; sub-
mits to William, 573, 574; revolts
against William, 576; slain, ib.
Eadwig, son of Eadmund, 286;
succeeds Eadred as king, 305 and
note; changes his counsellors,
306 and note 6; influenced by
Ethelgifu against Dunstan, 307;
date of his coronation, 307, note
2; the coronation-feast,
308;
sentences Dunstan to outlawry,
309; revives the Mercian ealdor-
manry in favour of Elfhere, ib. ;
marries Elfgifu, 311; his marriage
denounced, ib.; his kindred with-
draw from court, ib. and note 2;
separated from his wife by sentence
of Archbishop Odo, 312; supported
by Ethelwold and the West-Saxon
clergy, ib., note 2; his benefactions
to Abingdon, ib.; revolt against
him, 312; its date, ib., note 2;
misrepresentations of its origin,
ib.; authorities for its history,
313, note; division of the realm
between him and Eadgar, 313,
314 and note 1; submits to the
archbishop's sentence, 315; his
death, ib.

Eadwulf of Bamborough, ruler of
Bernicia, his alliance with Ælfred,
184 and note

Eadwulf, brother of Uhtred, made
earl of Northumbria, 427; slain
in battle with the Scots at Car-
ham, 470

Eadwulf, son of Uhtred, succeeds

Ealdred as earl of Bernicia, 495,
496, note; slain by Siward, ib.
Eadhelm, St., bishop of Sherborne,
his foundations in Dorset, 6; his
diocese called "Selwoodshire,"
231, note

Ealdhun, bishop of Durham, his
daughter marries Earl Uhtred,
496, note
Ealdormanries, the great, originated
by Elfred, 258; danger of the
measure, ib. ; suppressed by
Eadward, ib.; revived by Æthel-
stan and his successors,
259;
limitations of the system, ib.;
extended to Wessex, 315, 316;
policy of Ethelred and Cnut to-
wards them, 428; changed into
earldoms, ib.; see Anglia (East-),
Essex, Mercia, Northumbria,
Wessex

Ealdormen become delegates of the
king, 34; their distribution in
Mercia, 45, 238; in Wessex, 47,
70, 238; title of ealdorman given
to the head of a frith-gild, 460
Ealdormen, the great, how

ap-

pointed, 259; their royal blood,
ib.; danger of the arrangement,
260; growth of their power, 304;
checks upon it, 305; their claims
upon Eadgar, 315; their order in
the charters, 316, note; their
power over the Crown, 348, 349,
357; their succession under Ead-
ward the Martyr, 372, note;
Ethelred's policy towards, 373-
374; their number and order
after Ethelwine's death, 393,
394, 399; Cnut's treatment of,
420; changed into earls, 428
Ealdred, bishop of Worcester, visits
the court of Bruges, 523; brings
Swein home, 524; fails to overtake
Harold in his flight, 529; sent to
call home the Etheling Eadward,
556; as archbishop of York, re-
ceives the Pope's Legates, 580;
consecrates Wulfstan, ib.; crowns
Harold, 581; crowns William,

573

Ealdred of Bernicia, son of Eadwulf,

his friendship with Eadward the
Elder, 184, note; joins the
northern league against him, 216;
submits to him, 217, note 1; to
Ethelstan, 220; stirs up a rising
of the Danelaw, 252
Ealdred, son of Uhtred, becomes earl
of Northumbria, 496, note; his
feud with Carl, ib.; murdered,
ib.; his daughter marries Siward,
ib., 495; his death avenged by
Waltheof, 496, note
Ealdred, a descendant of Earl Uht-

red, revolts against Tostig, 562
Ealhstan, bishop of Sherborne, 73;
his victory over the Wikings,
75; supports Æthelbald against
Æthelwulf, 83

Eamot, submission of the Scots,
Danes, and Welsh at, 220
Eardulf, bishop of Lindisfarne,
driven out by Halfdene, 106
Eardwulf, king of Northumbria,
succeeds Ethelred, 43; his death,
ib.
Earldoms, ealdormanries changed
into, 428; their distribution
under Harthacnut, 498; under
Eadward and Godwine, 500;
on Godwine's fall, 530; on his
return, 536, 537; under Harold,
557; see Anglia (East-), Hereford,
Hwiccas, Kent, Mercia, North-
umbria, Wessex

Earls substituted for ealdormen by
Cnut, 428

Earth-goddess, prayer to the, 12
"Eastern Kingdom," its extent and
relation to Wessex, 69; see Kent
Ebbe, St., church at Oxford dedi-
cated to, 438; date of her martyr-
dom, ib., note 3

Ecgberht, England under, 1-49; not
a king of England, 47; relation of
the other kings to, 48; deposes and
restores Wiglaf of Mercia, 48, 49;
rising of the West-Welsh against,
67; defeats them at Hengestdun,
ib.; his efforts after a national
sovereignty, 68; organization of
Wessex under, 47, 68-70; his
claim to be hereditary king of
Kent, 69; sets his eldest son over

Kent, ib. and note; alliance with
the Church, 72, 73; owned as
overlord by the Northumbrians at
Dore, 95, note 2; his conquest of
London, 150; the complete shire-
organization of Wessex probably
dates from his day, 233
Ecgberht, king of Deira under the
Danes, 94, note 2, 115; driven out,

115

Ecgberht, archbishop of York, his
regulations concerning slavery,

334

Ecgberht's-stone, Ælfred musters the
West-Saxon host at, 111

Ecwils, king of Northumbria, 196
Eddisbury, Ethelflæd at, 202
Edinburgh becomes Scottish, 324,

470

Edington, battle of, 111

Egil Scallogrimson, Saga of, 223; its
account of the battle of Brunan-
burh, 254, note 1

Eider, river, frontier of Denmark
and Germany, 468

Eildon Hills, Ethelwold Moll's
victory at, 40

Elfege, bishop of Winchester, kins-
man of Dunstan, 282, note 1
Elmham, bishops of, see Ethelmær,
Stigand

Ely sacked by Ivar and Hubba, 97;
Cnut's gifts to, 433; tradition of
his visit to, 434; the Etheling
Elfred dies at, 482; surrenders
to William, 577

Emma, daughter of Richard the Fear-
less, her marriage with Ethelred
II., 386, 393; its effects, 392, 393;
takes refuge in Normandy, 411;
left there on Ethelred's return,
413; marries Cnut, 421; supports
Harthacnut's claim to England,
479; remains at Winchester with
the hus-carls, 480, 481; robbed of
Cnut's treasure by Harald, 481
driven from the realm, 483; her
friendship with Stigand, 578; her
property seized, ib.; takes refuge in
Flanders, 484; supports Hartha-
cnut, ib.
"Emperor," style of Ethelstan, 241;
of Eadred, 288, note 2, 299

Emperors, see Charles, Conrad,

Henry, Lewis, Otto
Empire, the, its revival under Otto,
513; limits of its supremacy, ib. ;
its relations with the Church, 515
Engle, Middle-, their land about
Leicester, one of the five regions
of the Mercian kingdom, 235;
represented by Leicestershire, ib.,
236; later earldom, 498
Engle, North-, represented by Not-
tinghamshire, 236

Engle, South-, their land about Dor-
chester, one of the five regions of
the Mercian kingdom, 235; repre-
sented by Northamptonshire, 236
Engle-land, the original, settled by
Scandinavian peoples, 62 and note,
179; known in the ninth century
as South Jutland, 62
Ennerdale, 277
Eric Bloody-axe, son and successor

of Harold Fair-hair, 262; his
character, ib.; his marriage with
Gunhild, ib., 263; his early ad-
ventures, 263; chosen by Harald
as his successor, ib.; slays his
brothers Rognwald and Biorn, ib. ;
baptized, and set over North-
umbria by Ethelstan, 264; his
Wiking life, ib.; threatened with
deposition by Eadmund, quits
Northumbria, 270

Eric Hiring, son of Harald Blaatand, .
received by the Northumbrians as
their king, 290 and note; driven
out, 291; returns, 292; driven
out again, 293; his death, 292,
note 2; account of him in the Saga
of Hakon the Good, 293, note 1
Eric, king of Sweden, drives Swein
from Denmark, 368, 369; his
death, 384

Eric, son of Jarl Hakon, joins Swein

and the Swedes in attacking Olaf
Tryggvason, 385; made earl of
Northumbria by Cnut, 417, 420;
brother-in-law of Cnut, 424;
banished, ib.

Erkenwald, St., bishop of London,

455 and note 2; rise of parishes
in London during his episcopate,
ib. and note 3; founds the mon-

astery at Barking, 456, note 1 ; dies
there, 455; struggle for the pos-
session of his remains, ib.
Essex forms part of the "Eastern
Kingdom," 69; its extent, 149;
reunited to East-Anglia under
Guthrum, 124, 149, 150; its
division at the frith between
Elfred and Guthrum, 151, 152;
its western half formed into a
separate district round London,
ib.; its southern part annexed by
Eadward the Elder, 198; the
Danes of, submit to Eadward, 205 ;
becomes a shire of the West-Saxon
realm, 234; joined with Middle-
sex, &c., under Leofwine, 565;
ealdormanry of, its creation,
261; its extent, ib. and note 1;
ealdormen of, 261; their alliance
with those of East-Anglia, ib,
262; see Elfgar, Brihtnoth,
Leofsige

Estrith, sister of Cnut, her marriage

with Ulf, 426; its date, ib., note
Ethandun, see Edington

Eu, counts of, their descent from
Gunnor, 390

Eugenius, under-king of the North-
Welsh, 224, note 1

Eustace, count of Boulogne, marries
Godgifu, daughter of Ethelred II.,
519; excommunicated by the
council of Rheims, 520; visits Ead-
ward, 526; quarrel of his follow-
ers with the townsfolk of Dover,
526-527; his surrender demandel
by Godwine, 527; refused, 528;
called by the Kentishmen to aid
them against Odo of Bayeux, 574
Evesham, council of, 402, note 2
Exchequer, origin of, 493, note; see
Hoard

Exeter seized by the Danes, 108;
regained by Elfred, 109; defend-
ed by him against the Wikings,
172; Æthelstan expels the Britons
from, 220; witenagemots at, 225
and notc 1, 227; mint at, 228;
Emma's dowry-town, 396; Swein
lands at, ib.; surrendered to
Swein, ib.; its situation, 445;
submits to William, 574; be-