ib.; his meeting with the Em-
peror Conrad, 468; regains the
land won from Denmark by Otto
II., ib.; betroths his daughter
to Conrad's son, ib.; drives
Olaf out of Norway, ib.; sup-
presses a Welsh rising, 469;
Malcolm of Scotland submits to
him, 471; grants Lothian to
Malcolm, ib.; his death, 476;
break-up of his empire, 477 ;
extinction of his house, ib. ; per-
manence and stability of his ad-
ministrative system, 493, note;
his chaplains, 545

Codes, early English, 20, 21, note 1
Coin, its early use in Kent, 228;

growing use of, 227-228, 329, note
Coinage the test of kingship, 144;
Eadgar's coinage, 349, note 5
Coins, Anglo-Saxon, found at Del-
gany in Wicklow, 65, note 1; of
Elfred, 144, note 1; of Eadgar,
struck at Dublin, 323; of Æthel-
red II. and Cnut, struck at Bristol,
443 and note 2
Colchester taken by the English,
205; rebuilt by Eadward the
Elder, ib.; witenagemot at, 221,
note 2; 224, note 2
Coldingham burnt by the Danes,
106

Commendation, growth of, 210
Conquest, the Danish, its signifi-
cance, 52, 128-129; its causes, 359
and note; authorities and materials
for its history, 370, note 2; dif-
ference between the earlier and
the later, 422-424; its effect on
English institutions, 428
Conquest, the Norman, 574-577
Constable, see Horse-thegn
Constantine, king of Scots, his strug-
gle with Thorstein and Sigurd,
107; cedes Caithness to them, ib. ;
joins the Northern league against
Eadward, 216; submits to Ead-
ward, 217 and note 1; to Æthel-
stan, 220, 252 and note 4; his
alliance with Olaf and the Ostmen,
252, 253; defeated at Brunanburh,
254, 255; retires to a monastery,
274

Cornhill, soke of the bishops of
London, 462; church of St. Peter
on, ib.
Cornwall, revolt of, against Ecgberht,
67; its final conquest, 220; early
divisions of, 231; harried by
Wikings, 382; bishop of, see
Leofric

Coronation, its meaning and impor-
tance, 307, 308

Cotentin, the, conquered by William
Longsword, 251; Ethelred II.
repulsed in a descent on, 384;
stronghold of heathendom in
Normandy, 388; revolts against
William the Conqueror, 506
Council, royal, first traces of its
judicial authority, 140; its origin
in the royal chapel, 431
Councils, Church, their

canons

against "heathendom" and witch-
craft, 10, 11; become merged in
the witenagemot, 348; see Caen,
Chelsea, Rheims.

Court, the king's, its character, 30,

31; its means of subsistence, 31;
its progresses, ib., 32; its great
officers, 180, 542

Cranborne, manor of, 332, 333
Crediton, bishops of, see Ethelgar,
Leofric

Crowland sacked by Danes, 96
Crown, the, earliest known instance
of an attempt to bequeath, 85,
note 2; main bases of its power,
431; sources of its revenue, 403,
404, note 2; see King, Monarchy
Cuckamsly (Cwichelmslowe), Danes
at, 400, 401

Cuerdale, coins of Elfred found at,
144, note 1

Cumberland, its origin as a shire,
237, note 2; 277, note 3; Ethelred
II. makes a descent on, 383;
danger to England and Scotland
from, ib. and note 4
Cumbria ravaged by Halfdene, 107
and note 1; its extent in the time
of Eadmund, 274; its southern
part called Westmoringa-land, ib.;
character of country and people,
275, 276; the name replaces that
of Strath-Clyde, 277 ; harried by
Eadmund, 277, 278; granted to
Malcolm king of Scots, 278; re-
sults of the grant, ib., 469; kings
of, their opposition to the West-
Saxons, 277; see Oswine, Strath-
Clyde
Cumbrians, their name transferred
to the Britons of Strath-Clyde,

184; join the northern league
against Athelstan, 253
Cuthbert, St., wanderings of his
relics during the Danish invasions,
93, 106

Cup-thegn or butler, his office, 542;
held by Elfred's grandfather, 180
Cwichelmslowe, see Cuckamsly
Cyneheard's Song-Book, 341
Cynesige, chaplain to Eadward the
Confessor, 546; archbishop of
York, ib.; consecrates Harold's
church at Waltham, 580

D

"Dale in place-names, mark of
northern settlement, 116
Dalriada, the Scots of, subject to the
Picts, 185; kings of, see Kenneth
Danegeld, the king's demesne ex-
empt from, 404, note 2; the first
national land-tax, 405 and note 1;
its nominal origin, 431; continued
as a regular land-tax,ib.; its amount
in Cnut's first year, 465; resistance
to it at Worcester under Hartha-
cnut, 485; see Land-tax
Danelaw, the, 114-124; its relation

to the North, 126; its results on

English history, 128, 129; its
weakness, 130; rises against
Elfred, 171; conquered by
Eadward and Ethelflæd, 203-
208; effect of its conquest on the
character of the English king-
ship, 211; its bond of allegiance
to Eadward, 212; its alliance
with the Ostmen, 213; its peace-
ful submission to Æthelstan,
221'; historical continuity of
the districts in, 236; shires in,
ib.; emigration from, into Nor-
mandy, 247; rises against Æthel-
stan, 253; against Eadmund, 270;
reduced to submission, 274; its
struggles with Eadred, 289-293;
its isolation under Eadgar, 325
fusion of races in, 326, 327 and
notes; absence of religious houses
in, 342; joins Swein, 410
Danes, their early settlements on the
isles of the Baltic, 53; effect of
their attacks in arresting the con-
solidation of the English peoples
under Ecgberht, 68; different uses
of the name, 65, note 3, 68, note;
their first appearance in Ireland,
76, note 2, 90; in Britain, 87,
361; their settlements in Sweden,
Zeeland, and northern Jutland,
88 and note 1; character of their
warfare, 88-90; earliest authority
for their settlements, 88, note 1;
their struggle with the Norwegian
settlers in Ireland, 76, note 2, 90;
winter in East-Anglia, 91; con-
quer Northumbria, 92: destroy its
abbeys, 93; set up Ecgberht as
under-king of Deira, 94 and note
2; winter at Nottingham, 94;
attacked by Ethelred and Burh-
red, 95; winter at York, ib.;
at Thetford, 96; conquer East-
Anglia, ib.; put St. Eadmund to
death, ib.; Mercia pays tribute to
them, 96, 97; causes of their
success, 97; attack Wessex, 98,
102; defeated at Ashdown, 103;
march upon Hampshire, 104;
their victory at Merton, ib. ;
bought off by Elfred, withdraw
from Wessex, 105 and note 2;

winter at London, ib., note 2;
return to Northumbria, 106;
conquer Mercia, ib.; winter at
Repton, ib.; division of their
host, ib.; set up Ceolwulf as king
of Mercia, ib. and note 2, 121 and
note 1; seize Exeter, 108; driven
from it by Elfred, 109; overrun
the Gwent, ib.; their settlements in
Yorkshire, 116; their trading-
port at Caupmanna-thorpe, 118
and note 2; their trade, 118, 119;
their organization, 120, 122;
divide Mercia, 121; marks of their
settlement in its local names, ib.
and note 2; their distribution in
Mid-Britain, 121, 122; their settle-
ments in Lincolnshire, 122, 123;
in Leicestershire, 123; in East-
Anglia, 123, 124; divide East-
Anglia, 123; effect of their settle-
ment on England, 128, 129; de-
sertion of Englishmen to, 147, note
1; attack Frankland, 147, 148;
beset Rochester, 148 ; repulsed by
Elfred, 149; plunder London and
winter at Fulham, ib.; Frith
between Elfred and Guthrum,
152, 153; renewal of war with,
168, 171, 172; their alliance with
the Welsh, 172; defeated by Ead-
ward and Ethelred at Buttington,
172; driven back to Essex, 173;
defeat an attack of the Londoners,
ib.; their retreat cut off by El-
fred, ib.; break-up of their host,
174; their raid over Mercia re-
pulsed by Eadward at Tottenhale,
195; attack Towcester, 204; Bed-
ford, 205; defeated at Tempsford,
Colchester, and Maldon, ib.;
fusion with the English, 326, 327;
union under Gorm the Old, 361,
362; attack Courland, 362; mer-
cenaries take service with Ethel-
red II., 383; massacred by his
order, 396; win Exeter, ib. ; attack
East-Anglia, 397; and plunder
Thetford, ib.; their victory over
Ulfeytel and the East-Angles,
398; held in check by Ethelred,
400; winter in Wight, ib.; march
to Cuckamsly, ib.; return to

Wight, 401; a truce bought with
them, ib., 406; defeat the East-
Anglian fyrd under Ulfeytel, 407;
again bought off, 408; sack Canter-
bury and seize Archbishop Elf-
heah, 409; their withdrawal, ib.;
choose Cnut for king at Gains-
borough, 413; defeated at Brent-
ford, 416; driven into Sheppey
by Eadmund, 416, 417; set aside
for Englishmen by Cnut, 424; im-
pulse given by them to trade, 118,
119, 440; their trade in slaves,
444; their settlement at Chester,
442; Norwich, 449; York, 119,
452 and note; London, 465; in
Frankland, 244, 245

"Dane-work," the, in Sleswick, 63
David's, St., Cnut sends army to, 469
Deerhurst, meeting of Eadmund and
Cnut near, 418

Defnsætas, English settlers in Devon,

234

Deira, Danes settle in, 115; parted
among them, ib., 116; trade of the
Danish settlers in, 118, 119; its
organization under the Danes,
120; forms part of the Danelaw,
184; traces of its ancient divisions
in the "shires" of modern York-
shire, 231; its alliance with the
Ostmen, 242; English fugitives
from, 276; united with Bernicia
under Oswulf, 293; under Wal-
theof, 354; under Uhtred, 399;
under Siward, 495; kings of, their
extinction, 39, note 1; see North-
umbria, Yorkshire

Demesnes, royal, their share in
taxation, 404, note 2

Dene, residence of Ælfred, 159
Denewulf, bishop of Winchester,

133

Denmark, kingdom of, its growth
under Harald Blaatand, 290;
physical character of the country,
361; kingdom of Gorm, 362;
earliest accounts of, ib., note; its
capital at Lethra, ib.; introduc-
tion of Christianity, 365-366;
becomes an under-kingdom of
England, 424; ruled by Ulf, ib.,
426; by Harthacnut, 467; its

MERCANTILE I

bishoprics filled by Englishmen,
433; its frontier again extended
to the Eider, 468; revolts against
Cnut, ib.; claimed by Swein
Estrithson, 487; its throne dis-
puted between Swein and Magnus
of Norway, 493; kings of, see
Cnut, Gorm, Harald, Harthacnut,
Swein

Derby (Deoraby), Danish name of
Northweorthig, 122, 206; one of
the Five Boroughs, ib. ; taken by
Æthelflæd, 207
Derbyshire, 236

Derwent, river, limit of Strath-Clyde
in Eadmund's day, 277
Dermot, king of Dublin, shelters
Harold and Leofwine, 529
Devon or Dyvnaint, the country of
the Defnsætas, 234; formed into
shire, 233, note 2; victory of its
fyrd over the Wikings,75; attacked
by Hubba, 109, 111; Eadmund
Ironside raises troops in, 416;
bishops of, see Leofric; ealdormen
of, 233, note 2

Dish-thegn or steward, his functions,

542

Domfront surrenders to William, 509
Dorchester, landing of Wikings at,

51

Dorchester, see of, 235; relations of
the diocese to the Mercian king-
dom and ealdormanry, 261, note 1;
divided between the ealdormanries
of East-Anglia and Essex, ib.;
bishops of, see Ulf, Wulfwig
Dore, submission of the North-

umbrians to Ecgberht at, 95 note
2, 217; of the northern league to
Eadward at, 216

Dorsætan give their name to Dorset,
234

Dorset, progress of cultivation and
industry in, 5, 6; hundreds in,
ib.; settlement of the English in,
6; its industrial life, 6, 7; appears
as shire, 233, note 2; victory of its
fyrd over the Wikings, 75; in-
vaded by Wikings from Ireland,
382; its feorm, 404, note 2; sea-
ports in, 445, 446; ealdormen of,
233, note 2; see Ethelhelm

Dover, its early importance as a sea-
port, 78 and note 1, 446; the
Etheling Elfred lands at, 482;
Eustace of Boulogne at, 526;
secured by William, 572
Drogo of Mantes marries Godgifu,
daughter of Æthelred and Emma,
492

"Dubhgaill," their first appearance
in Ireland, 76, note 2, 90; their
struggle with the "Fin-Gaill,” ib.
Dublin taken by the Wikings,
74 and note 2; occupied by Olaf
the Fair, 90; becomes the centre
of the Ostmen, ib.; Olaf Sihtric's
son and Guthferth take refuge at,
242; coins of Eadgar minted at,
323; Harold and Leofwine take
refuge at, 529; Harold gathers
ships at, 532; kings of, see Dermot,
Olaf, Sihtric

Duduc, chaplain to Cnut, 545; his
foreign birth, ib., 520; bishop of
Wells, 545, 546 ; at the Council of
Rheims, 520

Dues, customary, 330, 331
Dumfriesshire, northern limit of the
Norwegian settlements in Cum-
bria, 276

Duncan, king of Scots, defeated in a
raid upon Durham, 558; slain, ib.,
493; his sons take refuge with
Siward, 558; his kinship with the
Northumbrian earls, 559 note
Dunstan, St., authorities for his life,
281, note; son of Heorstan, 282;
description of, ib.; date of his
birth, ib., n. 3; his youth at Glas-
tonbury, 282, 283; goes to court,
ib.; twice driven thence, 284;
becomes a monk, ib.; his temper,
ib. ; life at Glastonbury, 284, 285;
returns to court, 285; made
abbot of Glastonbury, ib, and note
2; his friendship with Eadred,
285, 286; with Eadred's mother
and with Ethelstan of East-An-
glia, 286, 306 and note 2 ; becomes
Eadred's chief adviser, 287; ac-
companies him into Northumbria,
293, 294; his office under Eadred,
294; in charge of the hoard, ib.,
299; his educational work, 294, 295;

buries Eadred, 300; at Eadwig's
coronation-feast, 308; outlawed,
309; takes refuge at Ghent, ib.
and note; recalled by Eadgar, 314;
bishop of Worcester and of Lon-
don, ib.; consecrated by Odo, ib.,
note 3; archbishop of Canterbury,
317 and note 2; Eadgar's chief
counsellor, ib.; his policy, ib.;
his share in the government, 318;
his civil administration, 319; in-
tellectual revival under him, 340;
his attitude towards the monastic
revival, 345 and note; his policy
of fusion between Church and
State, 347, 348; crowns Eadgar,
351; supports Eadward, 353;
his motives, 354; crowns Ethel-
red, 356 and note 1; withdraws
from court, 356; his quarrel with
Ethelred, 357, 358; his death,
358; his anniversary instituted
by Cnut, 433; church in London
dedicated to him, 464
Dunstan, son of Ethelnoth, revolts
against Tostig, 562, note
Dunwich, 449

Durham, the Scots defeated at, 399,

470, 558; bishops of, see Ealdhun;
its origin as a shire, 237, note 2
Dyddenham, labour-roll of, 331, 332
Dyvnaint, see Devon

E

Eadberht, king of Northumbria,
withdraws to a cloister, 40; ex-
tent of Northumbrian supremacy
under, 275

Eadgar, son of Eadmund, 286; first
king of all England, 48; with-
draws from Eadwig's court, 311
and note 2; chosen king by the
Mercians, 312; joined by the
Northumbrians and East-Angles,
313, note; division of the king-
dom, 313, 314; his titles, 313, note,
314 and note 2; recalls Dun-
stan; 314; succeeds Eadwig as
king in Wessex, 315; his coun-
sellors, 316 and note 1; marries
Elfthryth, ib., note 1, 320, 344;

extension of the system of ealdor-
manries under him, 316; his
alliance with the Primate and
the Church, 317, 318; his work
of Church restoration, 318; ac-
count of his reign in the monastic
writers, ib., note; in the Chronicle,
319; his person and temper, 319,
320; at Chester, 324, note 1, 443;
ballads about him, 297, note 1;
marries Æthelflæd the White,
320; character of his reign, 320-
322; William of Malmesbury's
account of, 320, note 2, 321, note
1; peace of his reign, 321-324;
the Ostmen become his allies,
323; coins minted at Dublin, ib. ;
his relations with Wales, ib., 324
and note 1; with the Scots, 324 ;.
with the Danelaw, 325; cedes
Edinburgh to the Scots, ib.;
possibly grants Lothian to them,
470; Danes in his service, 327;
love of foreigners, 328; English
society under, ib. et seq.; his alli-
ance with Otto the Great, 328,
note 3; his zeal for monasticism,
344, 345; extent of his direct
government, 348; materials and
authorities for his reign, 349,
note 1; the "Hundred" first ap-
pears by name under him, ib.,
note 3; his new coinage, ib., note
5; his crowning, 351; his laws,
327, 349; ravages Thanet, 350;
his royal progresses, ib. ; his fleet,
ib.; his death, 351, 352; his
children, 352; names his succes-
sor, ib.; trade of London under
him, 463; his patronage of the
Flemings, 518; his laws renewed
by Cnut, 425, 426
Eadgar, son of the Etheling Ead-
ward, 556; chosen king, 572
submits to William, 573; takes
refuge in Scotland, 574 ; joins the
Northumbrian revolt, 575; re-
turns to Scotland, 576
Eadgifu, third wife of Eadward the
Elder, and mother of Eadmund
and Eadred, 269 and note 1; her
alliance with Dunstan, 286, 306,
and note 2; with Æthelstan of