Bæda, Elfred's translation of, 162,
164 and note 3, 167 and note 1
Badulf, last English bishop of
Whithern, 275, note 3
Bagsecg, king of Bernicia, joins

Guthrum's attack on Wessex, 98;
slain at Ashdown, ib. note 1, 103
Bakewell fortified by Eadward the
Elder, 214

Baldwin Iron-arm, count of Flan-

ders, his marriage, 183
Baldwin II., count of Flanders, his
marriage with Ælfred's daughter
Elfthryth, 183, 249
Baldwin (III.) of Mons, 512
Baldwin (IV.) the Bearded, restored
to power by Robert the Devil,
474; marries a daughter of Rich-
ard the Good, 516
Baldwin (V.) of Lille, marries the
sister of King Henry of France,
513, 516; revolts against the Em-
peror, 516; William's proposed
alliance with, 516-517; its policy,
518; his alliance with Godwine,
ib.; excommunicated by Leo IX.,
519; perseveres in his rebellion,
521; submits, 522; renews his
alliance with Godwine, ib. ; shel-
ters Godwine and his sons, 529;

sends embassies to Eadward in
Godwine's behalf, 533
"Baldwin's Land," name given to
Flanders, 484, 517
Baldwin, chaplain to Eadward the
Confessor, 546, 547; a monk of
St. Denis, 547; his skill in medi-
cine, ib.; prior of Deerhurst, ib. ;
made abbot of St. Edmundsbury,
ib.

Ballads, English, preserved by
William of Malmesbury, 297,
note 1

Bamborough sacked by the Nor-
wegians, 378

Barking, church of All Hallows at,
456, note 1, 464; Erkenwald dies
at, 455; nuns of, their struggle
with the Londoners for his re-
mains, ib.

Barton, manor of, its connexion
with Bristol, 444, note

Basileus," style of Ethelstan, 241
Basing, the Danes checked at, 104
Bath, Eadgar crowned at, 351; sub-

mission of Western Wessex to
Swein at, 411

Battle Abbey, site of Harold's stand-
ard marked by its high altar,

572

Bayeux, capital of the Bessin, 246;
attacked by the Bretons, 250
gathering of the rebel Norman
barons at, 506; Odo, bishop of,
see Odo

Beaduheard, the king's reeve at
Dorchester, slain by the Wikings,

51

Bec-Herlouin, its situation, 245;
Lanfranc at, 504; fame of its
school, 504-505

Bedford, its chief men submit to

Eadward the Elder, 203, 211;
taken and fortified by Eadward,
204; attacked by the Danes, 205 ;
by Thurkill, 408
Bedfordshire, its origin, 237; in-
cluded in the East-Anglian
ealdormanry, 261, note 1
Benedict, anti-pope, gives the pal-
lium to Stigand, 579
Benet, St., church in London dedi-
cated to him, 454, 455 and note 3

Beorhtwulf, king of Mercia, defeated

by the Wikings, 79
Beorn, son of Ulf, his presence in
England, 487; made earl of the
Middle-English, 500; extent of
his earldom, ib.; opposes Swein's
demands for restoration, 523;
consents to act as mediator for
Swein, ib.; murdered, ib.
Beowulf, song of, 53
Berkshire, its fyrd defeats the Wik-

ings, 86; the Danes in, 98; mean-
ing of the name, ib. and note 3;
character of the country, 98, 99;
raids of Hasting upon, 171;
earliest dependency of Wessex,
233; detached from Wessex and
joined with Hereford, &c., under
Swein, 500

Bernicia ravaged by Halfdene, 106;
remains an English state, 184; its
alliance with Elfred, ib.; rising
of its people against Ethelstan,
253; Oswulf high-reeve of, 293 };
united with Deira under Oswulf,
ib.; under Waltheof, 354; under
Uhtred, 399; under Siward, 495;
its independence of the Danelaw,
470; its northern part becomes
Scottish, 471; see Northumbria
Bessin, the, granted to Hrolf, 246;
wrested by the Normans from
the Bretons, 250; stronghold of
heathendom in Normandy, 388;
Richard the Fearless reared there,
ib.; its revolt against William,

505

Beverley, Ethelstan's grants to, 222
and note 2

Bible, Elfric's translation of, 340
Billingsgate, 463, 464

Biorn, son of Harald Fair-hair, 118;
called "the merchant," ib., 448,
note 3; king of Westfold, 448, note
3: slain by his brother Eric, 263
Bishops, English, their national
character, 71; their relation to
the Crown and the ealdormen,
305, 347; growth of their political
importance, ib., 348; appointed
by the Crown, 348, 524; usually
promoted from the Royal Chapel,

430

Bolleit, Æthelstan defeats the Corn-
wealas at, 221
"Boors," 330

Bordeaux conquered by the Wik-
ings, 77

Boston, its rise and growth, 450
Botulf, St., abbey of, the town of
Boston grows up round it, 450;
church in London dedicated to
him, 464

Boulogne, Charles the Great at, 64;
muster of a Wiking fleet at, 170;
counts of, see Eustace
Brentford, Danes defeated at, 416
Bretons, the, attack Normandy,
250; repulsed, 251

Brice's day, St., massacre of the
Danes on, 396

Bridgenorth, Danes encamp at, 174;
fortified by Ethelflæd, 198
Bridges, their construction imposed
as a penance, 337

Brihtnoth, ealdorman of Essex, 316,
note 1; marries Elflæd, daughter
of Ælfgar, ealdorman of Essex,
and succeeds his father-in-law,
261; supports the cause of the
monks, 352; slain at Maldon,
370
Brihtnoth, brother of Eadric, 407,

note 1

Brionne, home of Herlouin, 504;
counts of, their descent from
Gunnor, 390

Bristol, its rise, 443-444; its mint,

444; its condition under Eadward
the Confessor, ib. and note; its
feorm, ib. note; its slave-trade
with Ireland, 444-445; Harold
and Leofwine sail to Dublin from,
529

Britain, character of its population

in Ecgberht's day, 2; mixture of
races in, 3; character of the
country, 4; progress of cultivation
in, 4-5; industrial life, 6-7; first
appearance of the Wikings in, 50-
51; importance of its conquest to
the Wikings, 86; first appearance
of the Danes in, 87, 91; concentra-
tion of the Wiking forces on, 107
Britons, see Cumbria, Strath-Clyde,
Welsh

Brittany, claim of the Norman

dukes to supremacy over, 250;
influence of Ethelstan over, 251;
he makes its peace with Normandy,
266; subdued by Robert the
Devil, 474; dukes of, see Alan
Bruges, its trade, 517; Harthacnut's
invasion planned at, 518; Swein,
son of Godwine, takes refuge at,
501; Ealdred bishop of Worcester
at, 523; Godwine at, 532
Brunanburh, battle of, 254; authori-
ties for, ib. and note 1; its im-
portance, 256
Brytenwealda, style of Ethelstan,

241 and note 4

Bryhtferth, ealdorman, 316, note 1
Buckingham, southernmost of the

Danish settlements in Mid-Britain,
203; held by Jarl Thurcytel, ib. ;
taken and fortified by Eadward
the Elder, ib.
Buckinghamshire, its origin, 237;
overrun by Thurkill, 408; joined
with Essex, &c., under Leofwine,

565

Bucklersbury, site of the port of
London, 456

Budget, Ælfred's, 181, 182
Bull How, 277

Burhred, king of Mercia, conquers
Anglesea, 80; marries Elfred's
sister, 101; death at Rome, 106
Burislaf, king of the Wends, 367
Búr-thegn, 542

Butler, see Cup-thegn

Butsecarls of Hastings, 532, note 2;

of Sandwich, 446 and note 1

Buttermere, 277

Buttington, battle of, 172

Danish settlement, 116

C

Caen, council at, enacts the obser-
vance of the Truce of God, 490
Caithness, northmen in, 66, 107,
215; conquered by the Orkney
Jarls, 558

Calne, witenagemot at, 353
Cambridge, the Danes at, 107; they
submit to Eadward the Elder,
206, 211; lawmen at, 461, note 2
Cambridgeshire represents South
Gyrwa-land, 236; forms part of
the East Anglian ealdormanry,
261, note 1

Canterbury, its wealth and import-
ance, 78; raid of the Wikings
on, ib. ; sacked by them, 79; mint
at, 228; secular clerks at, 345;
sacked by Thurkill, 409; the
body of St. Elfheah translated to,
433; Christ-church at, Cnut's
grants to, 446 and note 2; arch-
bishops of, their position, 71;
supersede the West-Saxon bishops
as national advisers of the Crown,
318; their relation to the Crown
altered by the new system of
administration, 430; see Elfheah,
Elfric, Ethelm, Ceolnoth, Dun-
stan, Eadsige, Odo, Plegmund,
Robert, Sigerie, Stigand, Theodore
Carham, battle of, 470

Carl, son of Thurbrand, 496, note
Carl," Scandinavian form of
"ceorl," 57

Carlisle destroyed by the Danes,
107; its unbroken life, 276
Carloman, king of the West Franks,
defeats Guthrum at Saucourt, 148;
his death, ib.

Cattle, the general medium of ex-
change in early ages, 227
Caupmanna-thorpe, settlement of
Danish traders, 118, note 2
Ceadwalla, king of Wessex, his
pilgrimage, baptism and death, 16,

17

Celchyth, see Chelsea

Cenwalch, king of Wessex, places the
royal seat at Winchester, 232

his alliance with Ecgberht, 73

Ceolwulf set up as king of Mercia

by the Danes, 106, 121 and note

1

Ceorl, the English, 57; displaced
by the thegn, 135, 330; gradually
degraded into the villein, 360
Chancellor, office of, its origin, 493,
note, 545; see Leofric, Reginbold,
Wulfwig

Chancery, see Chapel
Chapel, the royal, its institution,
430, 431; its origin and growth,
542, 544; later developements
from, 544; its composition in
Cnut's day, 544, 545; Lothar-
ingians in, ib.; its organization
under Eadward, 493, note, 545,
546; Norman clerks in, 546
Chaplains, the king's, their adminis-
trative work, 430, 431
Chapmanslade, 118, note 2
Chapmen, 336; law of Elfred con-
cerning, 337; of Ine, ib., note 1;
first mention of, ib.

Charles the Bald, his alliance with
Ethelwulf, 82; Elfred at his
court, 100; drives the northmen
from Angers, 107

Charles the Fat defeats Hasting at
Haslo, 148

Charles the Great, his meeting with
Alcuin, 42; his wrath against
the Northumbrians allayed by
Alcuin's intercession, 43; his
precautions against the northmen,
63, 64

Charles the Simple disputes the
West-Frankish throne with Odo
243; grants to the northmen the
territory between the mouth of
the Seine and the Epte, 244; his
alliance with Hrolf against the
dukes of Paris, 246; marries a
daughter of Eadward the Elder,
249; the crown claimed against
him by Rudolf of Burgundy, ib. ;
renews his alliance with the
Normans, ib.; his death, 250
Charmouth, battle of, 75
Cheap, East, its origin and growth,

458 and note 2; ward of, the
oldest part of London, 456; its
extent, ib.

Cheddar, Eadmund's hunting adven-
ture in, 285

Chelsea (Celchyth), synod of, 335
Cherbury fortified by Ethelflæd,

202

Chertsey, monks of, 455

Cheshire, salt-mines in, 7 note; its
origin as a shire, 236
Chester occupied by Hasting, 173;
besieged by Ethelred, ib.; its
importance, 194; "renewed" by
Ethelred and Ethelflæd, ib. and
note 2, 441; church of St. Wer-
burgh at, 195; its growth, ib., note
1; its trade 440; provision for
its security, 442; traces of Danish
settlement in, ib. ; its lawmen, ib. ;
its churches, ib. ; its market, 443;
church of St. John without the
walls, ib.; legend of Eadgar's
triumph at, ib., 324 note 1;
character of its surrounding
country, 442, 443; submits to
William, 576

Chester-le-Street, Dunstan visits St.
Cuthbert's shrine at, 294
Chesterford, battle of, 291
Chichester, mint at, 228
Chippenham, Danes at, 109; Asser's
account of its situation, 233, n. 2
Chronicle, the English, its origin,
164-166 and notes; its growth
under Ælfred, 166 and note 3,
167; its account of the reign of
Eadward the Elder, 189, note; of
the reign of Æthelstan, 218, note
2; chronological difficulties in,
191, note 4; poems in, 254, note 1
its character during the reigns of
Eadward and Æthelstan, 296; its
praise of Eadgar, 318, note, 319;
Chronicle of Peterborough, 341,
note 2; Abingdon, 370, note 2;
Winchester, 164-166, 191, note 4,
218 and note 2; Worcester, 340,
341, 191, note 4
Chrism-loosing, 125, note 1
Christ-church, Canterbury, Cnut's
grants to, 446 and note 2
Christianity, range of its influence,
8-9; its strife with heathenism,
9-11; it creates a new social class
12, 13; modifies township into

parish, 13-16; links England with
Europe, 16-19; its effect on early
law, 19-22; on jurisprudence,
22-24; on the feud, 24-28; on
heathen literature, 338; on educa-
tion, 339; on slavery, 334
Christina, daughter of the Ætheling
Eadward, 556

Church, the English, its industrial
work in Dorset, 6; its character
after the Danish wars, 12; its
condition in Northumbria, 41; its
relations with the Mercian kings
and with Ecgberht, 72; its alliance
with the Monarchy, ib., 318; its
efforts in behalf of slaves, 334;
Cnut's dealings with, 432-433; its
reform under the Confessor, 514,

515

Churches, three classes of, 13; be-
come the centres of village life,
15; their date indicated by their
dedications, 438 and note 3; 441,
note; 455, note 3; 465
Churchyard, the tunmoot held in
the, 15

Clair-on-Epte, treaty of, 244
Cledauc, king of the North-Welsh,
becomes subject to Eadward the
Elder, 208, note 2

Clergy, the, new social class, 12;
its rights, ib.; "regular" and
"secular," 131, 345, 346; decline
of discipline in the Danish wars,
346, 347

Cleveland, its settlement by the
Danes, 116

Clifford's Tower, at York, marks the
site of the Danish fortress, 450
Cluny, monastic reform at, its influ-
ence on England, 344
Chichtengild at Aldgate, 464; its
possible connexion with the older
frithgild and the later merchant-
gild, 461; at Nottingham, 440
Cnut, son of Swein, chosen king by
the Danes at Gainsborough, 413;
Ethelred marches against, ib.;
mutilates English hostages, 420;
returns to Denmark, 413; ravages
the coast of Wessex, 414; joined
by Eadric, 415; receives the sub-
mission of Wessex and North-

umbria, ib.; lays siege to London,
ib.; meets Eadmund on the bor-
ders of Wiltshire, 416; renews
the siege of London, ib.; for-
saken by Eadric, 417 ; causes Uht-
red to be slain, ib.; gives his
earldom to Eric, ib., 420; defeats
Eadmund at Assandun, 417;
makes a treaty with Eadmund
at Olney, 418; his age, 419; his
temper, ib.; his character and
that of his rule, 425-427; his
dealings with the ealdormen, 420,
428; murders a brother of Ead-
mund and drives his children
into Hungary, ib.; children of
his first marriage, 421; marries
Emma, ib.; contrasted with the
earlier Danish conquerors, 423,
424; makes England his centre,
424; sets aside Danes for English-
men, ib.; employs English soldiers
and English priests in the north,
ib.; banishes Thurkill and Eric,
ib.; sets Hakon as ruler in Nor-
way, ib.; sets Ulf as ruler in
Denmark, ib., 426; elected and
crowned at London, 425; renews
Eadgar's laws, ib.; dismisses his
Danish fleet and host, ib.; his
hus-carls, ib., 432; visits Denmark,
425;
date of his accession to its
throne, ib. note; his laws, 426;
organization of England under
him, ib.; makes Eadwulf earl of
Northumbria, 427; makes Wessex
an earldom under Godwine, ib. ;
makes Godwine his vice-gerent,
ib.; changes the ealdormanries
into earldoms, 428; continues
Ethelred's administrative policy,
428, 429; his dealings with the
Church, 432-433; his character in
English tradition, 434; in the
Sagas, ib.; tradition of his visit
to Ely, ib.; peace of his reign,
434-435; his letter to his English
people, 436; his prohibition of
the slave-trade, 445; Norway re-
volts against him, 466; leaves
Harthacnut ruler in Denmark,
467; goes to Rome, ib. ; secures
the safety of the Alpine passes,