Elfric, archbishop of York, charges Godwine with the death of the Ætheling Ælfred, 482, 484 Elfric succeeds Æthelmar as eald- orman of Central Wessex, 372, note; negotiates a treaty with the Norwegian Wikings, 375, note 1 ; joint leader of the fyrd with Thored, 377; joins the Norwe- gians, ib.; returns, and is rein- stated, 382; becomes first among the ealdormen on death of Ethel- weard, 394; heads the fyrd of Wiltshire and Hampshire against Swein, 396 his failure and its causes, 397 and note 1 Elfric, son of Elfhere, succeeds his father as ealdorman of Mercia, 357, 372, note; exiled, ib., 374 Elfric, scholar of Bishop Ethel- wold, his grammar and homilies,. 339; writes an English version of the Bible, 340
Elfric, kinsman of Godwine, elected archbishop of Canterbury, 524; political import of his election, 524, 525; set aside by Eadward,
Elfsige, ealdorman, 311, note 3, 316,
Elfstan, abbot of St. Augustine's at Canterbury, his struggle with Christ Church for the possession of Sandwich, 446, note 3 Elfthryth, daughter of Ælfred, her education, 157, note 2, 190, note 2; marries Baldwin II. of Flanders, 182, 249 Elfthryth, daughter of ealdorman Ordgar, 316, 320, note 1, 321, notes; wife of Ethelwold of East- Anglia, 316, note 2; of Eadgar, 316, note 1, 320, 344; mother of Ethelred II., 320
Elfwen, wife of Ethelstan the "Half-King," foster - mother of Eadgar, 286
Ethelbald, second son of Ethel-
wulf, king of Kent, 83; suc- ceeds his father in Wessex, 84; his marriage with Judith, 82, note; his death, 100 Ethelberht, third son of Ethelwulf,
85; succeeds Ethelbald in Kent, 85, note 2; in Wessex, 85; his death, 86, 101 Ethelberht, king of Kent, gives Bishop Mellitus the site for St. Paul's Church, 453; his laws, 20, 21 and notes 1 and 2 Æthelberht, schoolmaster at York, 42; Alcuin educated under, ib. ; succeeds Ecgberht as archbishop of York, ib.; rebuilds the min- ster, ib. Ethelflæd (daughter of Elfred), wife of Ethelred, ealdorman of Mercia, 144, note 2; joint-ruler of Mercia with Ethelred, 196; restores Chester, 194, 441; seizes the line of the Watling Street, 198; fortifies Scargate and Bridge- north, ib.; Tamworth, 200; Staf- ford, 201; Eddisbury, War- wick, Cherbury, Warbury, and Runcorn, 202; takes Derby and Leicester, 207; receives the sub- mission of York, ib., note 2; her death, 207; its date, 191, note 4; account of her campaigns in the Chronicle, ib.
Ethelflæd, niece of Ethelstan, a kinswoman of Dunstan, 282. note 1 Ethelflæd, daughter of Elfgar, marries Eadmund, 261
Æthelflæd the White, first wife of Eadgar, and mother of Eadward the Martyr, 320 Ethelgar, bishop of Crediton, pos- sibly a kinsman of Dunstan, 282, note 1 Ethelgifu
influences Eadwig against Dunstan, 307; causes Dunstan to be outlawed, 309; marries her daughter to Eadwig,
Æthelhelm, ealdorman of Dorset, defeated and slain by the Wik- ings, 75 Ethelings, their original distinction from the ceorls, 34; their rela- tion to the tribal king, ib.; their altered position on the extinc- tion of the smaller kingdoms, 35 ; displaced by the thegns, ib.; answer to the Scandinavian jarls, 57
Æthelm, archbishop of Canterbury, said to be a kinsman of Dunstan and to have brought him to Court, 282, notes 1 and 3; his death, ib., note 3
Æthelmær, kinsman of Eadwig, 306 Ethel mær, ealdorman of Hamp-
shire, 372, note; his death, ib. Ethelmar succeeds Ethelweard as ealdorman of Western Wessex, 411; submits to Swein, ib. Ethelmar, brother of Stigand, suc- ceeds him as bishop of Elmham,
Æthelnoth, ealdorman of Somerset, 111
Ethelred, fourth son of Ethelwulf,
king of Wessex, 86; his accession marks a new step in the consoli- dation of Wessex, ib., note 2; marches to aid Burhred against the Danes, 95; failure of their joint attack on the Danes at Nottingham, ib. ; defeated by the Danes near Reading, 102; his victory at Ashdown, 103; mor- tally wounded at Merton, 104; his death, ib. and note 2; his burial at Wimborne, 105 Ethelred II., son of Eadgar and Elfthryth, 320; his adherents, 352; his coronation, 356 and note 1; quarrels with Dunstan, 357, 358; materials and authori- ties for his reign, 370, note 2; his title of " Unrædig," 371; his character, 371, 372; his policy towards the ealdormanries, 373, 374, 399; his outer difficulties, 374, 375; makes a treaty with the Norwegian Wikings, 375; with Richard of Normandy, 376 and note; breach of treaty with the Norwegians, 377; causes Elfgarto be blinded, 378; gathers an army at Andover, 380; makes a truce with Swein and Olaf, ib. ; makes a treaty with Olaf, 381; weakness of the English defence under him, 382, 383; engages a fleet of Danish mercenaries, 383; makes descents on the Isle of Man and Cumberland, ib. ; on the Cotentin,
384; his marriage with Emma of Normandy, 386, 393; its effects, 392, 393; number and order of the ealdormen under him, 393, 394; sends Leofsige to buy off the pirates, 394; makes Efic High Reeve, 394 and note 4; policy of his employment of hired Danes, 395 and note 3; massacre of St. Brice's day, 396; makes Eadric High-Reeve, 400; holds the Danes in check on the south coast, ib.; buys a truce with them, 401; exacts an oath of allegiance from his subjects, ib.; his measures of defence, 402; gathers a fleet at Sandwich, 403, 446, note 1; its failure, 406, 407; buys the with- drawal of the Danes, 408; hires Thurkill, 409; defends London against Swein, 411; sends his wife and sons to Normandy, ib.; his flight and its consequences, 412; his return, 413 ; dissensions in his court, ib.; withdraws to London, 415; dies there, ib.; his financial and administrative organization. 404-406; his fiscal revolution, 431; growth of the administrative system under him, 429-431; his creation of the Head-Thegn or High-Reeve, 429, 543; his regulations concerning the trade of London, 463; coins of, struck at Bristol, 443, note 2 Ethelred, son of Ethelwold Moll, expels Alchred from Northum- bria, 40; driven into exile, ib.; restored, 41; slays Osred and the children of Alfwold, ib.; slain, 43
Ethelred, ealdorman of Mercia, 144 and note 2; his titles, ib., note 2; married to Æthelflæd, ib.; London intrusted to him by Elfred, 151; holds the line of the Thames against the Danes, 171; attacks the Wikings' camp in Essex, 172; his victory at Buttington, ib.; drives the Danes from Chester, 173; restores it, 194 and note 2: probably rears the castle-mound at Oxford, 438; his gifts to
Bishop Werfrith, 440; his death, 196 Ethelric, bishop of Selsey, conse-
crated by Stigand, 579 Ethelstan, son of Eadward the Elder, his childhood, 175; his accession, 217; chosen king by the Mercians, ib., note 3; hallowed at Kingston, ib.; personal appear- ance, 218; his character and that of his reign, 218, 219; authorities for his reign, 218, note knighted in his childhood by El- fred, 175, 219; first king of West- Saxons, Mercians, and Northum- brians, 48; league of the Danes, Scots, and Welsh against, 219; its submission, 220 and note 2; re- duces the North-Welsh chiefs to subjection and tribute, 220; drives the West-Welsh from Exeter, ib.; defeats the Cornwealas at Bolleit, ib.; becomes king of Northum- bria, 221; composition of his witenagemots, 221 and note 2; their national character, 221 and note 2, 224; his foreign policy, 219, 249; his alliance with the northern clergy, 222; his favour to the northmen, 223; his character in the north- ern sagas, ib.; his restoration of public order, 225; petitioned by the Witan of Kent to enforce justice, 30; regulation of justice under him, 225, 226; scope of his laws, 225, note 4, 234, note 2; his law concerning property and trade, 227; concerning slaves, 334; his royal style, 240-241, 269 note 2; Northumbria rises against him, 242; his foreign alliances, 250, 251; marches into the north and sends a fleet to harry the Scottish coast, 252 and note 4; receives a fresh submission from Constantine, ib.; withdrawal of the northern jarls from his court, 253 and note 2; general rising of the North against, 253; his vic- tory at Brunanburh, 254; failure of his plans of national union, 257; razes the Danish fortress at York, 450; his alliance with
Norway, 262; sets Eric Bloody- Axe as under-king in Northum- bria, 263; gives shelter to Lewis From-over-sea, 265; his negotia- tions with Hugh of Paris and William Longsword, ib.; his
alliance with Lewis and Arnulf against the Normans, 267; sends a fleet to the coast of Boulogne, 268; his pilgrimage to Glastonbury, 283, note 1; his death, 269; its date, 268 and note; its effect on Frankish politics, 272; popular ballads of his life, preserved by William of Malmesbury, 297, note Æthelstan, son of Ethelwulf, un- der-king of Kent, 78; defeats the Wikings at Sandwich, ib.; his death, 83 and note Æthelstan, ealdorman of East- Anglia, 260; native of Devon, ib., note 2; his possible descent from Ethelred I., ib.; nicknamed the "Half-King," 262; his wife Elfwen the foster-mother of Eadgar, 286; Primarius under Eadmund, ib. and note 3; his in- creased influence under Eadred, 286, 287; his friendship with Dunstan, 286; withdraws to a monastery, 309; his ealdormanry parted among his four sons, ib.; date of his retirement, 310, note 3 Ethelstan, ealdorman, distinguished from Ethelstan of East-Anglia, 310, note 3; joins the revolt against Eadwig, 313, note Ethelstan, chaplain to Elfred, 157 Ethelstan, see Guthrum
Ethelwald, son of Ethelred I..
claims the Crown against Eadward the Elder, 191; driven out of Wessex, becomes king of North- umbria, ib.; rouses the Danes of East-Anglia to attack Wessex, ib.; his defeat and death, ib. Ethelweard, son of Elfred, his education, 190
Æthelweard of East-Anglia, son of Ethelwine, slain at Assandun, 417
Ethelweard made ealdorman of the Western Provinces by Eadward
the Martyr, 372, note; becomes first of the ealdormen on death of Ethelwine, ib., 380, note 2; ne- gotiates a treaty of subsidy with the Norwegian Wikings, 375, note 1; negotiates a truce with Swein and Olaf, 380; and a treaty between Olaf and Ethelred, 381; his death, 394
Ethelweard the historian, descend- ant of Ethelred I., 51, note 1; probably the ealdorman of that name, ib.; character of his Chronicle, 195, note 2 Ethelweard (friend of Elfric), 340, note; induces Elfric to translate the Bible, 340
Ethelwine becomes ealdorman of East-Anglia, 316, note 1; upholds the cause of the monks, 352; supports the claim of Ethelred to the Crown, ib.; his share in the murder of Eadward, 356; be- comes first of the ealdormen on Elfhere's death, 372, note; his death, ib., 373 Ethelwold, Dunstan's chief scholar
and assistant, 295; intends to go abroad for study, but is prevented by Eadred, ib., note 2 ; made abbot of Abingdon, 295 and note 2; founds a school there, 296; sends Osgar to learn the Bene- dictine rule at Fleury, 343, note 2, 344; made bishop of Win- chester, 344; his school there, 339; introduces monks into his cathedral church and diocese, ib.; possibly author of the last continu- ation of the Winchester Chronicle, 340; adheres to Eadwig, 312, note
Ethelwold, caldorman of East-
Anglia, joins the revolt against Eadwig, 313, note; marries Ord- gar's daughter Elfthryth, 316, note 2; his death, ib., notes 1 and 2
Ethelwold Moll seizes the North- umbrian throne, 40; his victory at the Eildon Hills, ib.; marries a daughter of Offa, ib.; his death, ib.
Æthelwulf, son of Ecgberht, King of Kent, 69, note; succeeds Ecg- berht in Wessex, 73; his charac- ter, 74; defeats the Danes at Aclea, 74, 79; defeated by the Wikings at Charmouth, 75; his alliance with the Emperor, 79; conquers Anglesea, 80; his sup- posed institution of tithes, ib., note; his pilgrimage to Rome, 81; his alliance with Charles the Bald, 80, 81; his marriage with Judith, 82 and note; revolt of Wessex against, 83; decision of the witenagemot on the succession, ib.; his settlement of the succession, ib., note; retires into the Eastern Kingdom and resigns Wessex to Æthelbald, 84; his death, 85; his bequest of the Crown set aside by the Witan, ib., note 2 Etheric, an East-Saxon, charged with support of Swein, 379 Agriculture, its prominence in the laws of Ine, 21 and note 4 Airsome, probable origin of its founders, 117
Alan, duke of Brittany, expelled by William Longsword, 251; takes refuge at the court of Ethel- stan, ib.; ward of Eadward the Elder, ib., note; returns, 266 Alban, St., church dedicated to him in Wood Street, its origin and history, 457 and note "Alban or Albania," supersedes "Pictland," 186 and note 2 Alchred succeeds Ethelwold Moll as king of Northumbria, 40; driven out by Ethelred, takes refuge among the Picts, ib.; claims descent from Ida, ib., note 4 Alelwyd captured by the Picts, 275 Alcuin, his birth and education, 42;
goes to Rome with Ethelberht, ib.; master of the school at York, b. and note 2; fetches the pall for Archbishop Ethelberht, ib.; his meeting with Charles the Great at Parma, ib.; his work among the Franks, ib.; his return to Northumbria, 43; intercedes with Charles for the Northum-
brians on the murder of Ethelred, ib. Aldate or Aldad, St., church at Ox-
ford dedicated to, 438 Aldermanbury, its probable origin, 462
Ald-gate, soke of, its rise in Eadgar's day, 464; held by Queen Matilda, ib., note 2
Aldulf, bishop of Worcester, 341, note Alençon, William at, 509 Alexander II., Pope, sends legates to England, 580
Alfwold, son of Oswulf, succeeds Ethelred in Northumbria, 40; slain, 41
Allegiance, personal, growth of the principle of, 209; its influence on the English kingship, 210; oath of, required by Eadward the Elder, 211, 212; by Eadmund, 212; by Ethelred II., 401 All Hallows, church at Barking, 456, note 1, 464; at Oxford, 438 Alre, baptism of Guthrum at, 125 Ambleside, 277
Andover, treaty made with Swein and Olaf at, 380; treaty between Ethelred and Olaf at, 381 Anlaf, see Olaf
Andredsweald, the, the Wikings in, 170; its extent, ib. note 4 Anglesea conquered by Ethelwulf and Burhred, 80
Anglia, East, descents of the Wikings on, 77; Danes winter in, 91; conquered by Ivar (Inguar) and Hubba, ib., note 1, 96; divided by Guthrum, 123; Danish settle- ments in, 124; their character, 125; rises against Eadward, 204; submits to him, 205; the (Danish) army of, swear allegiance to him, 211; its "folks," 236; retention of tribal nomenclature in, 237, note 2; late introduction of the shire- system into, ib.; ealdormanry of, its creation, 260 and note 1; its extent, 261 and note 1; parted among the four sons of Ethelstan, 309; revival of monasticism in, 344; attacked by Swein, 397; ruled by Ulfcytel, 393, 394, 397;
its fyrd defeated by Thurkill, 407; kings of, see Eadmund, Guthrum; ealdormen of, see Æthelstan, Ethelweard, Ethelwine, Ethel- wold, Thurkill; earls of, see Elfgar, Gyrth, Harold "Anglo-Saxon," true meaning and use of the phrase, 193, note Angul-Saxons," king of the, usual style of Eadward the Elder, 192 and note; of Ethelstan, 240-241 Anjou, its rise, 508; counts of, see Geoffrey
Aquitaine, the Truce of God insti- tuted in, 489 Archbishops of Canterbury, their position, 71; supersede the West- Saxon bishops as national advisers of the Crown, 318; their relation to the Crown altered by the new system of administration, 430; see Elfheah, Elfric, Ethelm, Ceolnoth, Dunstan, Eadsige, Odo, Plegmund, Robert, Sigerie, Sti- gand, Theodore; archbishops of York, their importance, 95; see Elfric, Ethelberht, Cynesige, Ecgberht, Ealdred, Oswald, Rod- ward, Wulfstan
Archill revolts against Tostig, 562,
Armagh, Wikings at, 67, 74 Army, its re-organization under Alfred, 136; under Ethelred and Eadric, 402
Arnulf, king of the East-Franks, his victory over the Wikings at the Dyle, 170
Arnulf, count of Flanders, son of Baldwin and Elfthryth, 251; takes Montreuil, 267; his attack on Ponthieu supported by Æthel- stan, ib.; his war with William Longsword, ib. ; his alliance with Æthelstan and Lewis against the Normans, ib.; joins Hugh and William against Lewis, 268; gives a refuge at Ghent to Dunstan, 309; introduces the weaving trade into Flanders, 512
Ashdown, battle of, 103; Danish
leaders slain at, ib., 98 and note 1 Assandun, battle of, 417; great Q Q
« PreviousContinue » |