Elfric, archbishop of York, charges
Godwine with the death of the
Ætheling Ælfred, 482, 484
Elfric succeeds Æthelmar as eald-
orman of Central Wessex, 372,
note; negotiates a treaty with the
Norwegian Wikings, 375, note 1 ;
joint leader of the fyrd with
Thored, 377; joins the Norwe-
gians, ib.; returns, and is rein-
stated, 382; becomes first among
the ealdormen on death of Ethel-
weard, 394; heads the fyrd of
Wiltshire and Hampshire against
Swein, 396 his failure and its
causes, 397 and note 1
Elfric, son of Elfhere, succeeds his
father as ealdorman of Mercia,
357, 372, note; exiled, ib., 374
Elfric, scholar of Bishop Ethel-
wold, his grammar and homilies,.
339; writes an English version
of the Bible, 340

Elfric, kinsman of Godwine, elected
archbishop of Canterbury, 524;
political import of his election,
524, 525; set aside by Eadward,

525

Elfsige, ealdorman, 311, note 3, 316,

note 1

Elfstan, abbot of St. Augustine's
at Canterbury, his struggle with
Christ Church for the possession
of Sandwich, 446, note 3
Elfthryth, daughter of Ælfred, her
education, 157, note 2, 190,
note 2; marries Baldwin II. of
Flanders, 182, 249
Elfthryth, daughter of ealdorman
Ordgar, 316, 320, note 1, 321,
notes; wife of Ethelwold of East-
Anglia, 316, note 2; of Eadgar, 316,
note 1, 320, 344; mother of
Ethelred II., 320

Elfwen, wife of Ethelstan the
"Half-King," foster - mother of
Eadgar, 286

Ethelbald, second son of Ethel-

wulf, king of Kent, 83; suc-
ceeds his father in Wessex, 84;
his marriage with Judith, 82,
note; his death, 100
Ethelberht, third son of Ethelwulf,

85; succeeds Ethelbald in Kent,
85, note 2; in Wessex, 85; his
death, 86, 101
Ethelberht, king of Kent, gives
Bishop Mellitus the site for St.
Paul's Church, 453; his laws, 20,
21 and notes 1 and 2
Æthelberht, schoolmaster at York,
42; Alcuin educated under, ib. ;
succeeds Ecgberht as archbishop
of York, ib.; rebuilds the min-
ster, ib.
Ethelflæd (daughter of Elfred),
wife of Ethelred, ealdorman of
Mercia, 144, note 2; joint-ruler
of Mercia with Ethelred, 196;
restores Chester, 194, 441; seizes
the line of the Watling Street,
198; fortifies Scargate and Bridge-
north, ib.; Tamworth, 200; Staf-
ford, 201; Eddisbury, War-
wick, Cherbury, Warbury, and
Runcorn, 202; takes Derby and
Leicester, 207; receives the sub-
mission of York, ib., note 2; her
death, 207; its date, 191, note 4;
account of her campaigns in the
Chronicle, ib.

Ethelflæd, niece of Ethelstan, a
kinswoman of Dunstan, 282. note 1
Ethelflæd, daughter of Elfgar,
marries Eadmund, 261

Æthelflæd the White, first wife of
Eadgar, and mother of Eadward
the Martyr, 320
Ethelgar, bishop of Crediton, pos-
sibly a kinsman of Dunstan, 282,
note 1
Ethelgifu

influences Eadwig
against Dunstan, 307; causes
Dunstan to be outlawed, 309;
marries her daughter to Eadwig,

311

Æthelhelm, ealdorman of Dorset,
defeated and slain by the Wik-
ings, 75
Ethelings, their original distinction
from the ceorls, 34; their rela-
tion to the tribal king, ib.; their
altered position on the extinc-
tion of the smaller kingdoms, 35 ;
displaced by the thegns, ib.; answer
to the Scandinavian jarls, 57

Æthelm, archbishop of Canterbury,
said to be a kinsman of Dunstan
and to have brought him to Court,
282, notes 1 and 3; his death,
ib., note 3

Æthelmær, kinsman of Eadwig, 306
Ethel mær, ealdorman of Hamp-

shire, 372, note; his death, ib.
Ethelmar succeeds Ethelweard as
ealdorman of Western Wessex,
411; submits to Swein, ib.
Ethelmar, brother of Stigand, suc-
ceeds him as bishop of Elmham,

579

Æthelnoth, ealdorman of Somerset,
111

Ethelred, fourth son of Ethelwulf,

king of Wessex, 86; his accession
marks a new step in the consoli-
dation of Wessex, ib., note 2;
marches to aid Burhred against
the Danes, 95; failure of their
joint attack on the Danes at
Nottingham, ib. ; defeated by the
Danes near Reading, 102; his
victory at Ashdown, 103; mor-
tally wounded at Merton, 104;
his death, ib. and note 2; his
burial at Wimborne, 105
Ethelred II., son of Eadgar and
Elfthryth, 320; his adherents,
352; his coronation, 356 and
note 1; quarrels with Dunstan,
357, 358; materials and authori-
ties for his reign, 370, note 2;
his title of " Unrædig," 371; his
character, 371, 372; his policy
towards the ealdormanries, 373,
374, 399; his outer difficulties,
374, 375; makes a treaty with
the Norwegian Wikings, 375;
with Richard of Normandy, 376
and note; breach of treaty with the
Norwegians, 377; causes Elfgarto
be blinded, 378; gathers an army
at Andover, 380; makes a truce
with Swein and Olaf, ib. ; makes
a treaty with Olaf, 381; weakness
of the English defence under him,
382, 383; engages a fleet of
Danish mercenaries, 383; makes
descents on the Isle of Man and
Cumberland, ib. ; on the Cotentin,

384; his marriage with Emma of
Normandy, 386, 393; its effects,
392, 393; number and order of
the ealdormen under him, 393,
394; sends Leofsige to buy off
the pirates, 394; makes Efic
High Reeve, 394 and note 4;
policy of his employment of hired
Danes, 395 and note 3; massacre
of St. Brice's day, 396; makes
Eadric High-Reeve, 400; holds
the Danes in check on the south
coast, ib.; buys a truce with them,
401; exacts an oath of allegiance
from his subjects, ib.; his measures
of defence, 402; gathers a fleet at
Sandwich, 403, 446, note 1; its
failure, 406, 407; buys the with-
drawal of the Danes, 408; hires
Thurkill, 409; defends London
against Swein, 411; sends his
wife and sons to Normandy, ib.;
his flight and its consequences,
412; his return, 413 ; dissensions
in his court, ib.; withdraws to
London, 415; dies there, ib.; his
financial and administrative
organization. 404-406; his fiscal
revolution, 431; growth of the
administrative system under him,
429-431; his creation of the
Head-Thegn or High-Reeve, 429,
543; his regulations concerning
the trade of London, 463; coins
of, struck at Bristol, 443, note 2
Ethelred, son of Ethelwold Moll,
expels Alchred from Northum-
bria, 40; driven into exile, ib.;
restored, 41; slays Osred and the
children of Alfwold, ib.; slain,
43

Ethelred, ealdorman of Mercia, 144
and note 2; his titles, ib., note 2;
married to Æthelflæd, ib.; London
intrusted to him by Elfred, 151;
holds the line of the Thames
against the Danes, 171; attacks
the Wikings' camp in Essex, 172;
his victory at Buttington, ib.;
drives the Danes from Chester,
173; restores it, 194 and note 2:
probably rears the castle-mound
at Oxford, 438; his gifts to

Bishop Werfrith, 440; his death,
196
Ethelric, bishop of Selsey, conse-

2;

crated by Stigand, 579
Ethelstan, son of Eadward the
Elder, his childhood, 175; his
accession, 217; chosen king by
the Mercians, ib., note 3; hallowed
at Kingston, ib.; personal appear-
ance, 218; his character and that
of his reign, 218, 219; authorities
for his reign, 218, note
knighted in his childhood by El-
fred, 175, 219; first king of West-
Saxons, Mercians, and Northum-
brians, 48; league of the Danes,
Scots, and Welsh against, 219; its
submission, 220 and note 2; re-
duces the North-Welsh chiefs to
subjection and tribute, 220; drives
the West-Welsh from Exeter, ib.;
defeats the Cornwealas at Bolleit,
ib.; becomes king of Northum-
bria, 221; composition of his
witenagemots, 221 and note 2; their
national character, 221 and note 2,
224; his foreign policy, 219, 249; his
alliance with the northern clergy,
222; his favour to the northmen,
223; his character in the north-
ern sagas, ib.; his restoration of
public order, 225; petitioned by
the Witan of Kent to enforce
justice, 30; regulation of justice
under him, 225, 226; scope of his
laws, 225, note 4, 234, note 2; his
law concerning property and
trade, 227; concerning slaves,
334; his royal style, 240-241, 269
note 2; Northumbria rises against
him, 242; his foreign alliances,
250, 251; marches into the north
and sends a fleet to harry the
Scottish coast, 252 and note 4;
receives a fresh submission from
Constantine, ib.; withdrawal of
the northern jarls from his court,
253 and note 2; general rising of
the North against, 253; his vic-
tory at Brunanburh, 254; failure
of his plans of national union,
257; razes the Danish fortress at
York, 450; his alliance with

Norway, 262; sets Eric Bloody-
Axe as under-king in Northum-
bria, 263; gives shelter to Lewis
From-over-sea, 265; his negotia-
tions with Hugh of Paris and
William Longsword, ib.;
his

alliance with Lewis and Arnulf
against the Normans, 267; sends a
fleet to the coast of Boulogne, 268;
his pilgrimage to Glastonbury,
283, note 1; his death, 269; its
date, 268 and note; its effect on
Frankish politics, 272; popular
ballads of his life, preserved by
William of Malmesbury, 297, note
Æthelstan, son of Ethelwulf, un-
der-king of Kent, 78; defeats
the Wikings at Sandwich, ib.;
his death, 83 and note
Æthelstan, ealdorman of East-
Anglia, 260; native of Devon,
ib., note 2; his possible descent
from Ethelred I., ib.; nicknamed
the "Half-King," 262; his wife
Elfwen the foster-mother of
Eadgar, 286; Primarius under
Eadmund, ib. and note 3; his in-
creased influence under Eadred,
286, 287; his friendship with
Dunstan, 286; withdraws to a
monastery, 309; his ealdormanry
parted among his four sons, ib.;
date of his retirement, 310, note 3
Ethelstan, ealdorman, distinguished
from Ethelstan of East-Anglia,
310, note 3; joins the revolt
against Eadwig, 313, note
Ethelstan, chaplain to Elfred, 157
Ethelstan, see Guthrum

Ethelwald, son of Ethelred I..

claims the Crown against Eadward
the Elder, 191; driven out of
Wessex, becomes king of North-
umbria, ib.; rouses the Danes of
East-Anglia to attack Wessex, ib.;
his defeat and death, ib.
Ethelweard, son of Elfred, his
education, 190

Æthelweard of East-Anglia, son of
Ethelwine, slain at Assandun,
417

Ethelweard made ealdorman of the
Western Provinces by Eadward

the Martyr, 372, note; becomes
first of the ealdormen on death of
Ethelwine, ib., 380, note 2; ne-
gotiates a treaty of subsidy with
the Norwegian Wikings, 375,
note 1; negotiates a truce with
Swein and Olaf, 380; and a treaty
between Olaf and Ethelred, 381;
his death, 394

Ethelweard the historian, descend-
ant of Ethelred I., 51, note 1;
probably the ealdorman of that
name, ib.; character of his
Chronicle, 195, note 2
Ethelweard (friend of Elfric), 340,
note; induces Elfric to translate
the Bible, 340

Ethelwine becomes ealdorman of
East-Anglia, 316, note 1; upholds
the cause of the monks, 352;
supports the claim of Ethelred to
the Crown, ib.; his share in the
murder of Eadward, 356; be-
comes first of the ealdormen on
Elfhere's death, 372, note; his
death, ib., 373
Ethelwold, Dunstan's chief scholar

and assistant, 295; intends to go
abroad for study, but is prevented
by Eadred, ib., note 2 ; made abbot
of Abingdon, 295 and note 2;
founds a school there, 296;
sends Osgar to learn the Bene-
dictine rule at Fleury, 343, note
2, 344; made bishop of Win-
chester, 344; his school there,
339; introduces monks into his
cathedral church and diocese, ib.;
possibly author of the last continu-
ation of the Winchester Chronicle,
340; adheres to Eadwig, 312, note

2

Ethelwold, caldorman of East-

Anglia, joins the revolt against
Eadwig, 313, note; marries Ord-
gar's daughter Elfthryth, 316,
note 2; his death, ib., notes 1
and 2

Ethelwold Moll seizes the North-
umbrian throne, 40; his victory
at the Eildon Hills, ib.; marries a
daughter of Offa, ib.; his death,
ib.

Æthelwulf, son of Ecgberht, King
of Kent, 69, note; succeeds Ecg-
berht in Wessex, 73; his charac-
ter, 74; defeats the Danes at
Aclea, 74, 79; defeated by the
Wikings at Charmouth, 75; his
alliance with the Emperor, 79;
conquers Anglesea, 80; his sup-
posed institution of tithes, ib., note;
his pilgrimage to Rome, 81;
his alliance with Charles the Bald,
80, 81; his marriage with Judith,
82 and note; revolt of Wessex
against, 83; decision of the
witenagemot on the succession, ib.;
his settlement of the succession,
ib., note; retires into the Eastern
Kingdom and resigns Wessex to
Æthelbald, 84; his death, 85; his
bequest of the Crown set aside by
the Witan, ib., note 2
Etheric, an East-Saxon, charged
with support of Swein, 379
Agriculture, its prominence in the
laws of Ine, 21 and note 4
Airsome, probable origin of its
founders, 117

Alan, duke of Brittany, expelled
by William Longsword, 251;
takes refuge at the court of Ethel-
stan, ib.; ward of Eadward the
Elder, ib., note; returns, 266
Alban, St., church dedicated to him
in Wood Street, its origin and
history, 457 and note
"Alban
or Albania," supersedes
"Pictland," 186 and note 2
Alchred succeeds Ethelwold Moll
as king of Northumbria, 40;
driven out by Ethelred, takes
refuge among the Picts, ib.;
claims descent from Ida, ib., note 4
Alelwyd captured by the Picts, 275
Alcuin, his birth and education, 42;

goes to Rome with Ethelberht,
ib.; master of the school at York,
b. and note 2; fetches the pall
for Archbishop Ethelberht, ib.;
his meeting with Charles the
Great at Parma, ib.; his work
among the Franks, ib.; his return
to Northumbria, 43; intercedes
with Charles for the Northum-

brians on the murder of Ethelred,
ib.
Aldate or Aldad, St., church at Ox-

ford dedicated to, 438
Aldermanbury, its probable origin,
462

Ald-gate, soke of, its rise in Eadgar's
day, 464; held by Queen Matilda,
ib., note 2

Aldulf, bishop of Worcester, 341, note
Alençon, William at, 509
Alexander II., Pope, sends legates to
England, 580

Alfwold, son of Oswulf, succeeds
Ethelred in Northumbria, 40;
slain, 41

Allegiance, personal, growth of the
principle of, 209; its influence on
the English kingship, 210; oath
of, required by Eadward the
Elder, 211, 212; by Eadmund,
212; by Ethelred II., 401
All Hallows, church at Barking,
456, note 1, 464; at Oxford, 438
Alre, baptism of Guthrum at, 125
Ambleside, 277

Andover, treaty made with Swein
and Olaf at, 380; treaty between
Ethelred and Olaf at, 381
Anlaf, see Olaf

Andredsweald, the, the Wikings in,
170; its extent, ib. note 4
Anglesea conquered by Ethelwulf
and Burhred, 80

Anglia, East, descents of the
Wikings on, 77; Danes winter in,
91; conquered by Ivar (Inguar)
and Hubba, ib., note 1, 96; divided
by Guthrum, 123; Danish settle-
ments in, 124; their character,
125; rises against Eadward, 204;
submits to him, 205; the (Danish)
army of, swear allegiance to him,
211; its "folks," 236; retention
of tribal nomenclature in, 237, note
2; late introduction of the shire-
system into, ib.; ealdormanry of,
its creation, 260 and note 1; its
extent, 261 and note 1; parted
among the four sons of Ethelstan,
309; revival of monasticism in,
344; attacked by Swein, 397;
ruled by Ulfcytel, 393, 394, 397;

its fyrd defeated by Thurkill, 407;
kings of, see Eadmund, Guthrum;
ealdormen of, see Æthelstan,
Ethelweard, Ethelwine, Ethel-
wold, Thurkill; earls of, see
Elfgar, Gyrth, Harold
"Anglo-Saxon," true meaning and
use of the phrase, 193, note
Angul-Saxons," king of the, usual
style of Eadward the Elder, 192
and note; of Ethelstan, 240-241
Anjou, its rise, 508; counts of, see
Geoffrey

Aquitaine, the Truce of God insti-
tuted in, 489
Archbishops of Canterbury, their
position, 71; supersede the West-
Saxon bishops as national advisers
of the Crown, 318; their relation
to the Crown altered by the new
system of administration, 430;
see Elfheah, Elfric, Ethelm,
Ceolnoth, Dunstan, Eadsige, Odo,
Plegmund, Robert, Sigerie, Sti-
gand, Theodore; archbishops of
York, their importance, 95; see
Elfric, Ethelberht, Cynesige,
Ecgberht, Ealdred, Oswald, Rod-
ward, Wulfstan

Archill revolts against Tostig, 562,

note

Armagh, Wikings at, 67, 74
Army, its re-organization under
Alfred, 136; under Ethelred
and Eadric, 402

Arnulf, king of the East-Franks,
his victory over the Wikings at
the Dyle, 170

Arnulf, count of Flanders, son of
Baldwin and Elfthryth, 251;
takes Montreuil, 267; his attack
on Ponthieu supported by Æthel-
stan, ib.; his war with William
Longsword, ib. ; his alliance with
Æthelstan and Lewis against the
Normans, ib.; joins Hugh and
William against Lewis, 268; gives
a refuge at Ghent to Dunstan,
309; introduces the weaving trade
into Flanders, 512

Ashdown, battle of, 103; Danish

leaders slain at, ib., 98 and note 1
Assandun, battle of, 417; great
Q Q