Gulf of Boothia? B.-Fx. -East of Bathurst Inlet? Va. What large Bay in New Britain? Hs. How long and wide is it? Between New Britain and Greenland? Bs. How wide is it? - Name the four largest Lakes in New Britain? G.-Br., G.-Se., Aa., Wg. The length of each? What large river flows into the Polar Sea? Ms. — Its length? - What two rivers flow into lake Athabasca? Pe., Aa.Their lengths? What river flows into Lake Winnipeg? Sn.-Its length? What river connects Lake Winnipeg with Hudson's Bay? Nn. Which are the principal forts? Re., Rn., Cl., Yk., Sn., Ay., Me. - The principal Indian tribes? Cr., D.-Rb., Cs., Kx., B.-Ft., As -What Mountains are in the west part of New Britain? Ry. - Their length? Which are the two highest? Bn., Hr. The height of each ?

68

UPPER CANADA.*

--

1. UPPER CANADA extends along the whole chain of the great lakes almost to the western extremity of Lake Supe rior. The climate is generally healthy and salubrious. The summer heats are more moderate, and the winters shorter and less rigorous than in the Lower Province.

2. The soil in the settled parts of the country is mostly very fertile, and yields abundant crops of grain, wheat, Indian corn, flax, &c. Tobacco is also cultivated in the south-western districts.

3. The most important canals in British America are in Upper Canada; these are the Rideau and the Welland canals; the first extends from the Ottawa river to Kingston. The Welland canal unites Lake Erie with Lake Ontario; both these works allow vessels of 125 tons burthen to pass through.

4. In this province, on the Niagara river, which connects Lake Erie with Lake Ontario, is the Falls of Niagara, 165 feet high. This is one

of the most magnificent of Nature's works. The noise of the cataract is heard, and the cloud of vapour which rises from it is seen, at the distance of several miles.

5. Toronto and Kingston, on the northern shore of Lake Ontario, are the two principal towns of Upper Canada. Toronto, the largest, is pleasantly situated on a hay of the same name; it is regularly laid out, and has a number of handsome buildings.

6. Kingston became the capital of Canada, and also of all British

Upper Canada. Q.-1. What is the extent of Upper Canada? Of the climate? 2. The soil? What does it yield? 3. Canals in Upper Canada? 4. What great falls are in Upper Canada? How high are they? 5. What is the Capital? 6. The principal British naval station?

* Upper and Lower Canada long formed separate provinces, but are now united by Act of the British Parliament. This part of the Continent is so well known by the old divisions, that it has been thought most expedient to retain them in our description.

America, in the year 1841; it has a fine harbour and a flourishing trade. Niagara is a small town at the mouth of the Niagara river. Goderich, on the east shore of lake Huron, and London, on the river Thames, are the chief towns in the western part of the province.

Map No. 4.-What lakes separate Upper Canada from the United States? Oo., Ee., Hn., Sr. What river, in part, from New York? S.-Le.- What river from Lower Canada? Oa.- What is the eastern part of Lake Huron called? Me.- What Isles in the north part ? Me. - What Island in the western part of Lake Superior? Re. What is the length of Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario?-On Map No. 9, tell who was defeated on the River Thames,* in 1813? Pr. Who was killed there? Th. He was a celebrated Indian chief.On Map No. 7, tell what battles were fought in 1814, near the Falls of Niagara? F.-Ee., Ca.

69

LOWER CANADA.

1. LOWER CANADA extends on both sides of the St. Law rence river, from its mouth to the river Ottawa. The lower art of the province is rugged, cold and sterile; but the upper ortion is fertile, well watered, and more moderate in temperature. All sections have, however, the climate of Sweden, though in the latitude of France.

2. More than three-fourths of the inhabitants are of French origin; they speak the French language, and are all CathoLower Canada. Q.-1. How far does Lower Canada extend? 2. How

lics. The remainder are mostly natives of Great Britain and their descendants, who are principally Protestants.

5. The city of Quebec was, until the year 1841, the capital of British America; it is very strongly fortified, and situated half in a plain along the River St. Lawrence, and the other half on a steep, perpendicular rock, 350 feet high. These are called the upper and lower towns.

6. Montreal,* on Montreal Island, and 180 miles above Quebec, by the St. Lawrence river, is the commercial capital of Canada; it is the centre of the fur trade, and of the commerce with the United States.

The town of the Three Rivers, on the north bank of the St. Lawrence river, is the next in importance to Quebec and Montreal. William Henry, Chambly, and St. Johns, are small towns on the Sorelle River.

many of the inhabitants are of French origin? What are the rest? 3. What is said of education? The character of the French Canadian? 4. Produce? Exports? 5. What is Quebec? 6. Montreal? Name the other Towns.

*Montreal, Mont-re-awl'. † Chambly, Shamb'-le.

Sorrelle, Sor-el'.

Map No. 4.- What country lies west of Lower Canada? U.-Ca. —— What two States lie south? N.-Yk., Vt.- What State lies east? Me. -The principal River? S.-Le. Its length? (This includes the Lakes.) - What Lake does the Saguenay flow from? S.-Is. The length of the Saguenay? The Ottawa? What River unites Lakes Champlain and St. Peters? Se. The population of Quebec? Of Montreal?What three Lakes are in Lower Canada? S.-Js., S.-Ps., Tg.

70

NEW BRUNSWICK.

1. NEW BRUNSWICK is situated to the east of the State of Maine, and to the north-west of Nova Scotia. Until the year 1784 it was included within the limits of the latter, which at that period was divided into two separate provinces.

2. This colony is but partially cleared, and contains extensive forests which furnish large quantities of excellent timber. The soil is generally of good quality, especially along the banks of the St. John's and other rivers.

3. The fisheries are a source of considerable wealth, and employ many of the inhabitants, the produce being with lumber the chief arti cles of export. Ship-building is an important branch of industry, and is carried on to a considerable extent.

4. The Bay of Fundy, which separates this province from Nova Scotia, is remarkable for the great and rapid rise of its tides, which often attain the height of 70 feet.

5. Frederickton, the seat of governinent, is situated some distance up the river St. John's. It is built chiefly of wood, and contains the government offices, several churches, and a college.

6. The city of St. John's is the most considerable place in New Brunswick, and has an extensive commerce. St. Andrews, at the head of Passamaquoddy Bay, is the next town to St. John's in trade and population.

Map No. 3.-What island lies near New Brunswick? P.-Es.
Gulf to the eastward? S.-Le.
Peninsula south-east? N.-Sa.

What

What bay on the south? Fy.. What What is the population of St. John's? Of Frederickton? On what river is the city of St. John's?

New Brunswick. Q.-1. How is New Brunswick situated? In what was it included? 2. What is said of the soil? 3. The chief articles of export? What is an important branch of industry? 4. Of the Bay of Fundy? 5. The Capital? 6. St. John's? St. Andrew's ?

N

71

NOVA SCOTIA.

1. NOVA SCOTIA was first settled by the French, and namea by them Acadia. In 1763 it was conquered by Great Britain, and since that time has been called by its present name.

2. It is a large peninsula, 280 miles long, and from 50 to 100 broad. On the coast the soil is generally poor, but in the interior and northern parts it is well adapted to cultivation.

3. Wheat and other grains, with potatoes of the finest quality, are raised to some extent. Coal, and gypsum, or plaster of paris, are found in vast quantities, and are largely exported: copper, iron, and various other minerals, also abound.

4. Halifax, the capital, is situated on one of the finest harbours in the world, and contains the most extensive dock-yard in British America. Lunenburg, Liverpool, Yarmouth, and Pictou, are all places of some trade; from the latter, coal is shipped to the United States in considerable quantities.

*

5. CAPE BRETON ISLAND.-Cape Breton is a large Island, separated from Nova Scotia by the Gut or Strait of Canseau; it is about 100 miles in length, and from 30 to 80 in breadth, and is divided into two nearly equal portions by an arm of the sea called the Bras d'Or.

6. Agriculture is in a backward state, the Cod Fishery attracting the chief industry of the people. This island was in 1820 politically attached to Nova Scotia, and sends two members to the House of Assembly.

7. Louisburg, which the French carefully fortified, was once a place of great importance, but it is now entirely deserted; and Sidney, a village of about 800 inhabitants, is all the capital Cape Breton possesses.

Map No. 3.-What Islands lie east of Nova Scotia? C.-Bn., Se. What Island north? P. Es.- What separates Nova Scotia and Cape Breton? G.-Cu. What Occan on the south-east? Ac. What Bay on the north-west? Fy.- What is the population of Halifax? Lunenburg? Liverpool? The southern Cape of Nova Scotia? Se.

Nova Scotia. Q.-1. By whom was Nova Scotia first settled? What was its first name? When was it conquered by Great Britain? 2. What is this Colony? What is said of its soil? 3. Its productions? Its minerals? 4. The capital and other towns? 5. What is Cape Breton? How is it divided? 6. What is said of its agriculture, &c.? When was it attached to Nova Scotia ? 7. What is said of Louisburg, &c.

*Canseau, Can-so'.