355. In what does true religion consist?

A. In worshipping God, according to his revealed will. 356. In what does false religion consist?

A. In the worship of idols, and the rejection of the true God.

357. What are the principal systems of religion

A. The Christian, Mahomedan, Pagan, and Jewish.

358. Who are Christians?

A. Those who believe in Christ, as the Saviour of man kind.

359. Into what churches are Christians divided?

A. Three: Catholic, Greek, and Protestant.

360. In what do these agree?

A. In the necessity of redemption through the Saviour.

361. In what do they differ?

A. In points of doctrine, and modes of worship.

362. How are Protestants divided?

A. Into various sects; of which the chief are Episcopa lians, Lutherans, Presbyterians, Baptists, Methodists, Friends,

&c.

363. Who are Mahomedans, or Mussulmans?

A. Those who believe in Mahomed, a religious impostor, who lived in Arabia, about 600 years after Christ.

364. How are Mahomedans divided?

A. Into two sects: the sect of Ali, and the sect of Omar.

G

365. Who are Pagans or Heathens?

A. Those who believe in false Gods, and who worship idols, beasts, birds, serpents, &c.

366. They comprise several classes, such as Bramins, Buddhists worshippers of the Grand Lama, &c., and number more than one half the inhabitants of the earth.

A. They are those who believe in the Old Testament, but reject the New, and expect a Saviour yet to come.

368. The Christian nations are much superior in knowledge and power to all others, and through the increase of their colonies, the inAluence of the press, and the exertions of the Missionaries, will no doubt, in the course of a few generations, spread their religion over the greater part of the earth.

369. The importance attached by mankind, in all quarters of the world, to the worship of the Deity, is most strikingly displayed by the numbers of costly and splendid edifices erected for religious purposes.

What nations are superior in knowledge and power to all others? What will cause their religion to be spread over the greater part of the earth?

To what do mankind, in all quarters of the world, attach importance? How is it most strikingly displayed?

370. These are called among Christians, churches, cathedrals, and chapels; amongst the Mahomedans, they take the name of Mosques and among the Pagan Hindoos, they are termed Pagodas.

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LANGUAGES.

371. The diversities of language form one of the most striking points of distinction between the various nations of the earth, and their arrangement into a general system constitutes an important branch of geography. The languages of cultivated nations are both written and spoken; while those of savage and barbarous races are merely verbal, and are not reduced to writing.

372. The number of original languages in the world, amounts to about 80, but including the various dialects or branches derived from them, they number upwards of 3000, of which more than 1200 are American, and about 550 European. In Asia and Oceanica, there are nearly 1000, and in Africa 276.

How many original languages are there in the world?
How many branches or dialects are derived from them?
How many of these are American?

How many are European?

How many are there in Asia and Oceanica ?

How many are there in Africa?

373. The Chinese language is spoken by the greatest number of people, but the English is the most widely spread, and will probably become more general than any other. It is now spoken in every quarter of the globe, and is distinguished for its simplicity, concise ness, and strength.

374. The number of books printed in the English language is prob ably greater, and the influence of its literature is more extensive, than in the case of any other language.

What language is spoken by the greatest number of people?
Which is the most widely spread? Where is it spoken ?

For what is it distinguished?

In what language is it probable that the greatest number of beoks is printed?

33

EXERCISES ON THE MAPS. ^

MAP OF THE WORLD, NO. 1. BEFORE THE LEARNER.

Of what Hemispheres does this Map consist? En. and Wn.
What does the Eastern Hemisphere comprise?

A. All that part of the earth lying east of longitude 20 degrees west from Greenwich.

Hemisphere signifies half a globe.

What great divisions does the Eastern Hemisphere contain? Ee., Aa., Aa.

These divisions form the Eastern Continent, or Old World.

What does the Western Continent comprise?

A. All that part of the earth lying west of longitude 20 degrees west from Greenwich.

What great divisions does the Western Hemisphere contain? N. Aa., S.-Aa.

These divisions form the Western Continent, or the New World. What is a Continent? Refer to No. 53, page 16.

What great division lies partly in the Eastern and partly in the Western Hemisphere? Oa.

This division is composed entirely of islands.

Which Hemisphere contains the greatest amount of land? En.

Which Hemisphere contains the greatest amount of water? Wn. Which Hemisphere contains the largest islands? En.

Which is the largest island in the world? Aa.

Which are the two next largest? Bo., N.-Ga.

Which is the largest division of the Eastern Hemisphere? Aa.

Which is the smallest division? Ee.

Which division of the Eastern Hemisphere extends farthest south? Aa.

Which extends farthest to the north? Aa.

Which extends farthest south, Europe or Asia? Aa.

Which extends farthest west? Aa.

Which extends farthest east? Aa.

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Which is the most southern land in the Eastern Hemisphere? Es.-Ld Which is the most southern in the Western Hemisphere? Gs.-Ld. What is an Ocean?

A. It is a vast body of salt water.

What five Oceans are in the Eastern Hemisphere? Nn., Sn., Pc., Ac., In.

What four Oceans are in the Western Hemisphere? Nn., Sn., Pc., Ac.

There are only five Oceans on the earth, of which four extend into both Hemispheres. The Indian is the only Ocean that is wholly in one Hemisphere.

Aa.

Which is the fourth in extent? Sn. or Antarctic.

Which is the fifth in extent? Nn. or Arctic.

Which is the largest division of the Western Hemisphere? N..

Is North America in North or South Latitude? N.-Le.

Why is it in North Latitude?

Is South America mostly in North or in South Latitude? S.-Le.
Why is it mostly in South Latitude?

In what direction does South America lie from North America? S.
What regions lie South and South-east of South America?
Sd., S.-Oy., S.-Ld., G.-Ld.

S.

35

MAP OF THE WORLD, NO. 2.

Nn.

What Hemispheres does this map comprise? Nn. and Sn. Which Hemisphere contains the greatest quantity of land? Which Hemisphere contains the greatest quantity of water? Sn. What great divisions are wholly in the Northern Hemisphere? Aa., Ee., N.-A.

What great divisions are partly in the Northern Hemisphere? Aa., S.-Aa., Oa.

What does the Northern Hemisphere comprise?

A. All that part of the earth north of the Equator.

What does the Southern Hemisphere comprise?

A. All that part of the earth south of the Equator.