160. What is the difference of longitude between Washington and Greenwich? 161. What is the length of a degree of longitude on the Equator. 162. What is it on the 42d degree of latitude? on the 60th degree? on the 75th degree? and at the Pules? 163. Where is there no latitude? 164. Where is there no longitude? On maps Nos. 1 and 14, you will find that the meridian marked G, crosses the Equator in the Gulf of Guinea. In that spot, there is neither latitude nor longitude. 15 MAPS. 165. What is a map? A. It is a picture of a part or the whole of the earth's surface. 166. What is a number of maps made into a book, called? A. An Atlas. 167. In what way are maps usually drawn? A. The top of the map is north, the bottom south, the right hand is east, and the left hand west. 168. What is meant by North, South, East, and West? A. They are the four cardinal or principal points of the A. The north is towards the North Pole, and the south is towards the South Pole. 172. In what direction does East and West lie? A. East is towards that point where the sun rises, and West where he sets. 173. If you stand with your face towards where the sun rises, the North will be on your left hand, the South on your right hand, and the West will be behind you. 174. On maps, rivers are shown by black lines winding according to their course. 175. Mountains are shown by lines which form a shade in the direc tion in which they extend. 176. Cities and towns are shown by a black dot, and the capitals of countries by a large dot and eight smaller ones around it. 177. The boundaries of countries are made by dotted lines. 178. Sandy deserts and sand banks in the ocean, are shown by a great number of dots resembling sand. The ocean, or sea, is shaded by lines to separate it from the land. 179. The latitude is shown by lines extending on the maps from side to side, and the longitude by lines running from the top to the bottom, except on map No. 2, of the world, where the latitude is shown by cir. cular lines, extending in succession farther and farther from the centre, and longitude by straight lines extending from the centre to the circumference. 180. Point out on map No. 3, of the Atlas, the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio del Norte, and the Columbia rivers. 181. Point out the cities of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New Orleans, Havanna, La Puebla, and Guanaxuato. 182. Point out the capitals Quebec, Washington, Houston, Mexico, and St. Salvador 183. Point out the boundary between the United States and Mexico, between the United States and British America, and between British America and Russian America. 184. Point out the great American Desert, the great Sandy Desert in Mexico, and the Grand Bank of Newfoundland. 185. Point out the Rocky Mountains, the Alleghany Mountains, the Snowy Mountains, and the Mexican Cordilleras. A. Five: one torrid, two temperate, and two frigid zones. 189. What part of the earth's surface is occupied by the Torrid Zone! A. The part which lies on both sides of the Equator and between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. 190. What is the meaning of the word Torrid ? A. It means very hot, parched, or dried up. 191. What is the breadth of the Torrid Zone? A. It is 3243 miles in breadth from North to South. 192. Why is the Torrid Zone the hottest part of the earth? A. Because it is more exposed to the heat of the sun than any other part of the earth. 193. What are the seasons of the Torrid Zone? A. Two; the wet and the dry. 194. To which of our seasons do they correspond? A. The wet season corresponds to our winter, and the dry to our summer. 195. What is the climate of the Torrid Zone? A. During some parts of the year it is delightful; but at other times the heat is very oppressive, and the earth is parched and dried up. 18 196. To what is the Torrid Zone subject? A. To the most violent storms of wind, which destroy almost every thing within their reach. 197. To what else is the Torrid Zone subject? A. It is more subject to earthquakes than the other parts of the earth, and is also the seat of dangerous and deadly diseases. 198. For what is the Torrid Zone remarkable? A. For the finest fruits, many of the most useful vegetable productions, and the largest and most ferocious animals. 199. What are some of the principal fruits of the Torrid Zone? A. Oranges, lemons, pine-apples, cocoa-nuts, the breadfruit, &c. 200. What are some of the most useful vegetable productions? A. Coffee, tea, sugar, indigo, cinnamon, cloves, nutmegs, pepper, &c. 201. Which are the most remarkable animals? A. The elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, camelopard, lion, tiger, &c. 202. What are some of the other remarkable animals? A. The ostrich and condor, with numerous birds of splendid plumage, and the largest and most venomous serpents and insects. 203. What are the complexion and habits of the people of the Torrid Zone? A. They are generally of a dark or black colour, and indolent and effeminate in their habits. 204. What is their character? A. They are but seldom distinguished for industry, enterprise, or learning. 205. Where are the Temperate Zones situated? 206. How are they distinguished from each other? A. The one north of the equator is called the north tem rerate, and the one south of the equator the south temperate Zone. 207. What does the word temperate mean when applied to climate? A. Mild, moderate; neither too hot nor too cold. 208. Where is the north temperate Zone situated? A. Between the tropic of Cancer and the arctic circle. 209. Where is the south temperate Zone situated? A. Between the tropic of Capricorn and the antarctic circle. E |