the most elegant. The Alms-House, State Penitentiary, Naval Asylum, and Girard College, all near the city, are large and important edifices. 15. The Fairmount water-works, on the Schuylkill* river, supply the city with pure and wholesome water, which is conveyed in pipes, amounting altogether to near 115 miles in length. Four million gal lons of water are used every 24 hours. Close to these works an elegant wire bridge has been lately constructed, it is 357 feet in length, 30 feet above the surface of the river, and cost 52,000 dollars.

16. The ship of the line Pennsylvania was built here, and launched in 1837. This vast ship, probably the largest ever constructed, is 247 feet long, and 59 deep; carries 140 guns, and is 3,306 tons burthen.

17. Pittsburg, situated at the head of the Ohio river, is greatly distinguished for its numerous manufactories, and its extensive inland trade. The surrounding country abounds in bituminous coal, and the constant use of that fuel causes a perpetual cloud of smoke to hang over the town. Alleghany and Birmingham are considered suburbs of Pittsburg, and are connected with it by bridges.

18. Lancaster, 62 miles west of Philadelphia, is situated in a rich and fertile country. Reading, Easton, Lebanon, Carlisle, Pottsville, Beaver, Wilkesbarre,† and Erie, are all considerable towns: the latter is important on account of its harbour, which is one of the best on the lakes.

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Map No. 7.- What bounds Pennsylvania on the north? N. Y.On the south? De., Md., Va.-East? N.-Y., N.-J. - West? Oo.,

Va. What river separates Pennsylvania from New Jersey ? De. What river flows into Chesapeake Bay? Sa. - Which are its two chief branches? Nh., Wt. What rivers unite at Pittsburgh? Ay., Ma. What river do they form? Oo.- What river flows into the Susquehanna above Harrisburg? Ja. Tell the lengths of the foregoing rivers. What two rivers flow into the Delaware? Lh., Sl. What river flows into the Ohio below Pittsburg? Br.-How many miles is the Delaware navigable for steam-boats What mountains extend between Berks and Schuylkill counties? Be.-What mountains in the centre of the state? Ay. - What two ridges in the western part? Ll., Ct. In which county is Philadelphia? Pa.. Harrisburg? Dn. Lancaster? Lr.- Pittsburg? Ay.- What is the population of Philadelphia ? - Lancaster? - Harrisburg? - Reading? Easton? Erie ? Beaver?- Pittsburg - What lake forms the N. W. boundary of the state? Ee. What town on the lake? Ee. When was Braddock defeated? - When were the battles of Brandywine and Germantown fought? -When did the massacre of Wyoming take place? On what river is Reading? Easton?-Pottsville?

Wilkesbarre?

Beaver ?

adorned? Mention the public buildings. 15. Fairmount water-works? Wire Bridge? 16. Of the Ship Pennsylvania? 17. Describe Pitts burg. 18. Lancaster. The other towns.

* * Schuylkill, Skool'-kill.

+ Wilkesbarre, Wilks'-bar-ry.

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DELAWARE.

1. DELAWARE is the smallest in population, and, except Rhode Island, the least in extent, of any state in the Union. Its general aspect is that of an extended plain mostly favourble for cultivation.

2. The chief products are wheat and Indian corn, of which the former is generally of excellent quality. Brandywine creek, in the upper part of the state, supplies extensive water-power for a number of large manufacturing establishments. The principal articles furnished by these, are flour, corn-meal, cotton and woollen goods, paper, and gunpowder.

3. The principal thoroughfare between the northern and southern states is through the upper part of Delaware, which is much facilitated by the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, and two rail-roads which extend across it.

4. Near Lewistown, an important national work, the Delaware Breakwater, has been erected, for the purpose of affording a shelter to vessels in stormy weather. The work consists of two piers, an ice-breaker 1700 feet, and a break-water 2800 feet long. The cost of the whole is estimated at three millions of dollars.

5. Wilmington, situated between Christiana and Brandywine Creeks, near their junction, is the largest and most important place in the state. It is a well-built and growing town, and contains a United States' arsenal, several banks, churches, &c. It has considerable trade, with some manufactures, and sends several ships to the whale fishery.

6. Dover, the seat of government, is situated on Jones's creek, and contains a handsome State House. New Castle, Georgetown, and Smyrna, are places of some note. Lewistown, near the entrance to Delaware Bay, is the oldest town in the state, having been originally settled by the Swedes and Finns, about the year 1630.

Map No. 7.-What state bounds Delaware on the north? Pa.- On ne south and west? Md. - On the east? N.-J.-What river and Bay separate Delaware from New Jersey? De. - What Cape in the south part of the state? Hn. Which is the most northern county? N.-Ce. What is the population of the principal town?

Delaware. Q.-1. What is said of Delaware ? 2. What are its chief products? 3. What is said of the northern part of the state? What canal is in it? 4. What is said of the Delaware Break-water? 5. Describe Wilmington. 6. Dover. New Castle, and other towns.

1. THE Southern States comprise Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. The District of Columbia and the Territory of Florida are also included in this section of the Union.

2. The whole region extends from the Susquehanna to the Sabine river: its shores are washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.

3. On the sea-coast, the ground is low and often swampy, but sometimes sandy. In the interior, the surface is greatly diversified, and frequently hilly and mountainous. highest elevations in the Atlantic States are found in this section.

The

4. The inhabitants of the Southern States are chiefly occu pied in agricultural pursuits; many of them have large plantations, with numerous slaves.

5. The wealthy classes are generally well-educated; possess culti

Southern States. Q.-1. What do the Southern States comprise? 2. How far does the whole region extend? 3. What is said of the land on the sea-coast? In the interior? 4. How are the inhabitants chiefly employed? 5. What is said of the wealthy classes? What of the

vated minds, and refined manners; and are noted for their hospitality. Education is not so general among the poorer classes of the people as in the Middle and Eastern states.

6. Nearly the whole of the cotton crop of the United States is raised here; which, with sugar and rice, is confined to its southern section. In the northern, the principal productions are tobacco, wheat, and corn.

7. Gold abounds in nearly all the Atlantic States of thi region; but is almost exclusively confined to the upper an middle portions of the country. This metal is now so extensively found, as to have become an object of national importance.

8. The gold region embraces a great extent of country, and reaches from Virginia, through North and South Carolina, and Georgia, to

Alabama.

9. Branches of the United States' Mint are established at Charlotte, in North Carolina, and at Dahlonega, in Georgia, for the purpose of coining the gold found in the Southern States.

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10. The population of the Southern States is chiefly of British origin. There are, however, many descendants of the French and Spanish colonists, particularly in Louisiana and Florida.

11. The Negroes, who form about two-fifths of the population, constitute a separate class, and are mostly held in slavery. The Indians have nearly all emigrated west of the Mississippi river. A few Seminoles still remain in Florida.

1

Va.

Map No. 4.-Which is the largest division of the Southern States ? Va. The smallest? S.-C. - Which is the most northern? Southern? Fa. Eastern? N.-C.-Western? La.- Which divisions border on the Atlantic Ocean? Md., Va., N.-C., S.-C., Ga., Fa. Which border on the Gulf of Mexico? Aa,, Mi., La., Fa. - What state is divided by Chesapeake Bay into two parts? Md.- What Territory has a coast both on the Atlantic ocean and the Gulf of Mexico? poorer classes? 6. What is said of the cotton crop? Of other productions? 7. Where does gold abound? What has it become? 8. What does the gold region embrace? 9. What is said of the United States' Mint ?

10. What is said of the population? 11. Of the Negroes? Of the Indians ?

*The Territories of the United States are of two kinds, organized and unorganized The first are settled by white inhabitants, but contain a popula

S

Fa.-The Southern States extend from latitude 40 to 24 degrees. How many degrees of latitude, then, do they comprise? They extend from longitude 2 degrees east from Washington, to 17 west. What amount of longitude do they include ?

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1. MARYLAND is more irregular in its outline than any state in the Union, and is divided by Chesapeake Bay into two sections, which are called the Eastern and Western Shores.

2. In agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, this State holds a respectable rank. Flour and tobacco are the staple productions. Of the former article, more than 500,000 barrels have been inspected in Baltimore in one year.

Maryland. Q.-1. How is Maryland divided? 2. What is said of

tion of less than 60,000. On attaining that number, the people of a territory, by receiving the sanction of Congress to that effect, may elect a governor and representatives to the National Legislature, similar to the other states. Florida, Wisconsin, and Iowa, are the organized territories. Missouri, Oregon, and the Indian Territory are inhabited by Indians only, and are unorganized. The last is peopled chiefly by the emigrant tribes, who are governed by their own chiefs, under the superintendence of the government of the United States.