In 2 Blackst. Comm., p. 304, note 3 (14th edit.) it is said, "Dates began to be added in the reigns of Ed. II and Ed. III.”

This is clearly inaccurate. See the Charter of Feoffment of Thomas, son of Simon the Alderman (pp. 228-229), which is dated 49 Hen. III. I incline to think that dates began to be added to deeds soon after the time of prescription was definitively fixed by K. Ric. I to A.D. 1189. See pp. 73, 74.

DENBERA, Den-berende (from Sax. Denu, Den, a plain, valley).-A place for the running of hogs. p. 135.

DIOICHIA (diocese) and Paroichia (parish), words of similar import. p. 65. DRYHTNE. A king, lord, ruler; a landlord. p. 94.

E.

EALDORMAN.-Aldermannus ; among the Saxons, same as Earl among the Danes; he was the chief of a shire, and attended the Witena-gemóte; a senator, a nobleman. p, 59.

ESSOIGN.-Excuse for him that is summoned to appear and answer to an action-real, or to perform suit at a court-baron; of which the five following are the chief:

1. Ultrà mare, whereby the defendant, beyond sea, shall have

XL days.

2. De Terra-Sancta, where the defendant shall have a year and a day, being upon an expedition to the Holy Land.

3. De malo veniendi, when the defendant is infirm in body, and not

able to come.

4. De malo lecti, when the defendant is sick in bed.

5. De servitio regis, when the defendant is in the king's service; "Checun Kenteys put autre assonier la ou assoigne gist.”—Custumal, pp. 12, 14, 252.

ESTREIA-LEST.—An antient lathe in Kent, now comprised in St. Augustine's. pp. 61, 302.

F.

FEALTY, Feauté, Fidelitas.-An oath taken at the admittance of every tenant to be true to the lord of whom he holdeth his land.—Custumal, p. 12. pp. 237, 251.

FEOS-BOT (Sax.)-A pecuniary recompence (from Feoh, money, and bor, compensation); the penalty for counterfeiting money. Ll. of Ethelred, K., c. 26, p. 111.

FIOн, Fio, Feoh.-Money, property; signifies cattle, which being the first kind of property, by bartering it, this word came to signify money in general.

3

FOLC-LAND. The land of the people; held at will, and not by charter, or
writing. Prædium rusticum et ignobile, distinguished from Bóc-land,
freehold. p. 94. History of. p. 97 to 99.

FOR-GABUL (Sax. Foɲ-zafol).—Fore-gift; for, or by way of, rent. p. 229.
FORE-SPRECAS.-An answerer; a sponsor, patron, prolocutor. p. 189.
FORE-STALL.-An intercepting in the highway, or assaulting a passenger
in it.

FOSTER-LEAN.-Nuptial gifts; a stipend which the wife hath for her mainte-
nance; a food-loan, maintenance (from A.-Sax. Foster, nourishment,
and leanian, to render); also a provision for the rearing of a foster-
child. pp. 189, 198.

FRITHES-BOT (Sax.)-A compensation or offering of peace; amends for a
breach of the peace. p. 111.

FRITH-BRYCE.-Pacis violatio; the breaking of the peace.

FRIGAN-EARTHE (Sax.)-Allodial, or freehold land? p. 94.

FYRD, Fyrdunge, Fyrd-fare.—A military expedition. Fyrd-wite, a fine for
leaving the army, or not appearing in arms; history of. p. 128 to 134.
FRUM-STOL.-Chief-seat, mansion-house, residence; from A.-S. Frum (first)
and frol (a seat, throne); Ll. of Ina, p. 162-192.

G.

GATE-PENNY.-A tribute for the liberty of one or more gates for the tenant's
ingress and egress to and from his own, by his lord's land. (Somner.)
GAVELATE.-A special and antient kind of Cessavit, used in Kent, whereby
the tenant shall forfeit his lands or tenements to the lord of whom
they are holden, if he withdraw from his lord his due rent and services
(Termes de la Ley) Cowel. Custumal, p. 10; history of, Sec. XVIII of
Custumal, p. 249.

GAVEL-KIND-Is a custom annexed and going with lands in Kent called

Gavelkind lands, holden by antient socage tenure, dividable between the heirs male (Termes de la Ley), p. 92, 164 to 185. (See Analytical To Commentary, Section XIII, XIV, XV

GAVEL-MED.-The duty of mowing of grass, or cutting meadow-land, required +185. by the lord from his customary tenants. Consuetudo falcandi, quæ

vocatur Gavel-med. (Cowel, Somner.)

GAVEL-RYP.--Duty of reaping at the command of the lord. (Idem.)

GAVEL-SWINE.-Swine-money; swine-penny; paid for the lord's leave and sufferance of his tenant to keep and feed swine of his own, or to take in other men's swine to feed within his land. (Somner, Roman Ports and Forts in Kent, p. 112.)

GENEAT. A clown or villain; husbandman, farmer, bailiff, servant (Cowel). p. 94.

GRITH.-Peace; God's grith; it differs from frith,' which significs the general peace and security of the state; but Church-frith and Churchgrith are used indiscriminately. p. 59.

GRITH-BRYCE.-Breach of the peace; same as Frith-bryce.

H.

HÆRETHA-LAND.-Heathen-land; Denmark (Sax. Chron., A.D. 787), p. 130.
HAMSOCNA, Hand-socna.-An assault of a man in his own house; also the
lord's jurisdiction to take cognizance of the same; breach of the peace
by forcible entry into a man's house (from Sax. Ham, home; Socne,
liberty, protection).

HERETOGA. The general of an army (from here, army, and togan, to lead;
Sax. Chron., A.D. 449). pp. 22, 32, 37, 297.

HLAFORDE.-Lord, Land-hlaforde, landlord, landholder. p. 94.

HOMAGE, tenure by (abolished by stat. 12 Car. II, cap. 24). p. 237.

HU E LE CRY, Hutesium et clamor-Is the pursuit after an offender; "que le hu e le cry seit leue."-Custumal, pp. 8, 203, 205.

HUNDRED.-A district comprising one hundred families, or, in Kent, ten borowes. pp. 56, 57, 58, 59.

Hundredes-caldor, Aldremannus-hundredi, the presiding officer in

the hundred-court. p. 159.

Hundreds in Kent. p. 61 to 64.

ར

JUYSE.-Judgment, justice, juyse de mort.-Custumal, p. 4.

LAND-AGENDE.-(See Agende.)

L.

LANDES-MAN.-(See Geneat.)

LATH, or LETH, a district in Kent comprising three or more hundreds. From Sax. ze-lapian, to assemble), pp. 56, 58, 61, 62, 63. Also a meeting, assembly, or court. p. 157.

LEF-SILVER, Lyef-geld.-A fine or pecuniary composition paid by the customary tenant to the lord for leave to plough, sow, &c.

LEOD. A nation, people, province. Leod-wita, national counsellors, senators, p. 42.

LIMENE (Rother.)—An antient river of Kent; its history, pp. 144-149. LINUUART-LEST.-An antient lathe in Kent (now Shipway), p. 62, 302.

M.

MAN-BÓTE. (See title Wer' and Wite.')

MARITAGIUM.-Signifies not only the lawful marriage of man and wife, but likewise the liberty of bestowing a ward or widow in marriage. Also the payment made by a feudal vassal to his lord, in whose wardship he was, for permission to marry. (See Saxon Laws relating to Marriage, Analytical Commentary, Section XV; also p. 222.)

MEARCE.-A limit, border, boundary. Mark, a sum of money equivalent to 138. 4d. p. 54, note 34; pp. 59, 60, 61.

MESCHENINGA (abolished by K. Stephen, p. 82.)-A fine for a false or unjust plea in the court of the king or lord.

In a confirmation of the monastery of Ramsay, by K. Edward the Confessor, he grants to the abbat―

Sacham et soccam (See title 'Sac and Soc').

Theloneumque

suum in terrâ et in aquâ, et consuetudines (anglicè scriptas)

scilicet.

Mund-bryce, violation of protection, breach of the peace.

Fyrd-wite (see ante, in voce). Fir-wite (the same).

Blod-wite, fine for shedding blood, by wound or blow.

Mescheninga (see above).

Frith-soke, peace, privilege of granting protection.

Hamsocne (see ante). Forstall (see ante).

Forphange, preemption. Also, rescuing stolen or strayed cattle.

Theifphange, the taking of a thief?

Hang-wite, the fine for letting an offender escape from prison.
Frithbreche (see antè).

Utleye, outlaw.

Infong-thefe, a thief taken in the lord's fee.

Sub-breche (query, Sib-breche; breach of the peace?)

Tol et tem, the lord's right to his servi (serfs) and their issue.

(These terms are usually left untranslated.)

MEYNOUVER. To manure, to cultivate land, 'sance meyn-ouvir,' 'entra e meyn ouera.'-Custumal, p. 12.

MORGEN-GIFT.-The gift which the husband presents to his wife on the wedding-day; it was the property of the widow after her husband's death, pp. 191, 193, 198.

MORTD'ANCESTOR.-An assise where, upon the death of the ancestor, a stranger enters upon the inheritance.

MULIER.—A child born in lawful wedlock, è muliere, of a wife, and not è concubina.-Custumal, p. 6.

MUND (Sax.)—The protection of a man's household peace, as the WERE was of his personal safety. Also, the sum paid to the family of the bride for transferring the tutelage they possessed over her to the husband's family. p. 60.

N.

NEAT-LAND, Terra Villanorum.-Land granted out, or let to the yeomanry. p. 94.

NIEFE.-A female slave, a bond-woman. p. 89.

P.

PANNAGE (Sax. Erern).-Mast of beech, acorns, &c., on which swine feed in the woods. (See Scotale), p. 135.

PASCUA-PORCORUM. (See Den-bera.)

PER MY ET PER TOUT-Is the unity of possession of lands by joint-tenants, who are said to be seised per my et per tout (by the half or moiety, and by all). Each of them has the entire possession as well of every parcel, as of the whole. They have not, one of them the seisin of one half or moiety, and the other of the other moiety, but each has an undivided moiety of the whole, and not the whole of an undivided moiety. If an estate in fee be given to a man and his wife, they are neither properly joint tenants, nor tenants in common; for being considered as one person in law, they cannot take the estate by moieties, but both are seised of the entirety, per tout, et non per my. (2 Blackst. Comm., p. 182.)

If a grant be made of a joint estate to husband and wife, and a third person, the husband and wife shall have one moiety, and the third person the other moiety. (Tb. note 1.)

See Co. Litt., 186 a, 187 a, 350 a; see also p. 209, note 150.

PLOUGH-LAND.-(See Suling.)