A.

ADDENDA.-CORRIGENDA ET VARIE LECTIONES.

WAGES of Knights of the Shire.-The Petition of the Gentlemen of Kent, 2 Hen. V, A.D. 1414 (see p. 274), does not appear to be the earliest complaint to the king in parliament on this subject. Thus, in the first parliament of K. Ric. II, A.D. 1377, the Commons petition that the accustomed wages to members of parliament for the Commons may be levied of every manner of person, within franchises and without, having lay-fee within the same county; and that no person having lay-fee within the county shall be exempted; but that according to the value of his tenure he shall be contributory to such wages, and also to the taxes already granted, so that the poor men of the people might be supported by the Lords (les seigneurs), and others who to that time had not paid to the taxes. It is answered that those Lords will not depart from their antient liberty and franchise.

Before the accession of Ric. II a spirit of independence had been gradually rising amongst the body of the people. Their power and importance had risen in consequence of the subdivision of property. Various causes, and, amongst others, the expenses of the wars under Edw. III, which had compelled him frequently to have recourse to his people for pecuniary aid, had at length given to the legislative assembly, and particularly to the Commons assembled in parliament, a portion of that power which in time produced the present constitutional system.

From this petition it appears that the Lords not only claimed for themselves and their tenants an exemption from payment of wages to the knights elected for the several shires, whom they considered as not representing their tenants, but also perhaps evaded the payment of some public taxes. (Parry's Parliaments and Councils, p. 139.)

In the second parliament of the same king (2 Ric. II), A.D. 1378, the Commons pray that the wages of the knights for the county of Kent may be paid as other knights throughout the kingdom, by the communities of the said county, and not as heretofore, by the knights' fees only; seeing that it is ordained to hold more frequent parliaments than hitherto, which will be to the great charge of the tenants of such fees, if they should not have aid as prayed. It is answered, "Soit use come avant ces heures ad este."

This petition tends to support the opinion that the knights were originally considered as representing only the tenants by military service, and that these were the only persons intended by the charter of John to have been summoned to a common council of the kingdom with the earls and 'majores barones,' for assessing extraordinary aids, scutage, &c. It seems also to prove that in the 2 Ric. II all the freeholders of the county voted for the election of the knights, as there would have been no just ground for the complaint, if the freehold tenants of lands, holden by knights' service, had alone voted. (Ibid. p. 141; see also a petition, 28 Edw. III, A.D. 1354, 38 Edw. III, A.D. 1365, and 51 Edw. III, A.D. 1377.)

ÆTHELING. - A noble, signifies a prince of the blood-royal, a ruler,

governor.

AGENDE (Sax.)-An owner, land-agende, an owner or possessor of land,

landlord. p. 94.

AIDE pur eine fille marier.—A prestation due from tenants to their lords on the marriage of the eldest daughter of the lord (aide pur l'espousing de sa file, Termes de la Ley).

AIDE pur faire l'eyne fitz de son seigneur chivalier.—A prestation due from tenants to their lords, to make the lord's eldest son a knight. p. 221. These customs abolished by Stat. 12 Car. II. cap. 24.

p. 237.

ALLODIUM, ALLODIARII.-Allodial, is where an inheritance is held without paying to any lord or superior, and therefore is of another nature from that which is feudal or beneficiary.

AN E LE WAST. (Annus, dies, et vastum.)-Year, day, and waste, is a part of the king's prerogative, whereby he challengeth the profits of their lands and tenements for a year and a day, that are attainted of petit treason or felony. (Cowel, Termes de la Ley), "le roy auera lan e le wast,' 'lan e le iour.'-Custumal, pp. 4, 12, 149, 150, 151.

ASTRE--Hearth for fire.-Custumal, pp. 6, 155.

AVERAGIUM.—Carriage for the lord, a service due from the tenant with horse and cart. p. 243.

B.

BAROUN.-Husband. (Custumal, pp. 4, 8, 10.)

BATTAILE.-An antient mode of trial in a writ of right, &c.-Custumal, p. 14; history of trial by, p. 277.

BISCEOPA-LAND (Sax.)-Land appertaining to a bishop in right of his sec.
p. 94.

Boc-LAND (Sax. Boc, a book or writing, and land.)-Land held by charter
or deed, in contradistinction to Folc-land, history of. p. 96-99.
BONDA.-Husband (quasi hur-bonda, a husband). Ll. K. Cnut, p. 192.
BORH (Surety) Borg-bryce.-The breach or violation of suretyship, or pledge
of mutual fidelity.

Burg-bóte-Contribution towards the building or repairing of castles,
and walls of a borough, history of. p. 128.

BOROWE, Borough.—A district consisting of ten families (from Borh or Borg,
a surety). p. 56, 65.

BORUUAR-LEST.-An antient lathe in Kent (now St. Augustine's). pp. 61, 302.
Bór, or BóTE (Sax.)- Compensation, recompence, satisfaction, amends.
Hence man-bóte, hedge-bóte, plow-bóte, theft-bóte, &c. p. 42.

BRET-WALDA (Ruler of the Saxons in Britain ?) p. 29 note 9, p. 52 note 31.
Of the nature, power, duties, election, or appointment to this office
we know nothing, history being entirely silent on the subject, having
only handed down to us the names of those Saxon kings who enjoyed
the appellation of Bretwalda, as follow:

BRICGE-BOT, Bric-bót (Sax.)-Contribution towards the building and repairing
of bridges, history of. p. 113 to 119; of Highways. p. 119 to 127.
Bryd-zuma (Sax.)—Bridegroom. p. 189. (See note 141, p. 198.)
Byngea, Byɲizea.—A trustee, surety. p. 188.

C.

CEAP (Sax.), Pactio (Latin).-Bargain, chattel; anything for sale, and the price of it; cattle, as being the usual medium of barter. See Ll. of K. Æthelbirht, cap. 77, p. 191.

CEORL (Sax.).-Churl, a husbandman, countryman. Ceorl-folc, common people; a twyhindeman, a freeman of ignoble rank; also a husband. pp. 94, 162, 192. Ceopl-lær, husbandless. p. 193. (See Twelfhyndman.)

CHURCH-FRITH (from A.-Sax. Ƒлið, peace), called also Church-grith, Churchbryce.-Violation of the privileges of a church.

CORREDY.-A sum of money or allowance of meat, drink, and clothing, due to the king from an abbey or other house of religion, whereof he is the founder, towards the sustenance of his servant. (Termes de la Ley. Cowel.)

CORRIGENDA et variæ Lectiones, see p. 315.

CUYLS, Cyuls, Ceols (Sax.)-Keels, great ships of war. pp. 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 (note 9).

D.

DANGER.—A payment of money made by the forest-tenants to the lord, that they might have leave to plough and sow in time of pannage, or mast-feeding; called also 'Lyef-silver.'

DATE of Deeds.-Lord Coke says (1 Inst., 6 a), "The date of the deed many times antiquity omitted, and the reason thereof was, for that the limitation of prescription, or time of memory, did often in processe of time change; and the law was then holden that a deed bearing date before the limited time of prescription was not pleadable; and therefore they made their deeds without date, to the end they might alledge them within the time of prescription. And the date of the deedes was commonly added in the raigne of E. II and E. III, and so ever since . . . . . . The clause of Hiis testibus in subjects' deeds continued untill and in the raigne of H. VIII, but now is wholly omitted."