Trottesclyve to the same church by King Offa-ad hanc quoque terram pertinent in diversis locis porcorum pastus—i. e. Weald-bera, ubi dicitur Hobenspyc, &c. In another of his of Deorwent, now called Darent, to the same church-adjectis Denberis in communi saltu, &c. In an old custom of Newington mannor by Sittingbourn-septem Dennas in sylva quæ vocatur Wald." (Somner's Ports and Forts, pp. 108-110.)101

Antiently there were no manors in the Weald; none are mentioned in Domesday

"Yet the lands lying there (when once cultivated and manured) being appendant to and depending on mannors elsewhere, the tenants in respect of, and proportion to their holdings and tenancies, might be, and were lyable to the lord of the manor whereof they held for services and customs, as other tenants elsewhere. For besides fealty, suit of court, reliefs, &c., these local customs and services frequently occur, gavel-swine, scot-ale, pannage, gatepenny, sumer-hus-silver, corredy, danger, lef-silver, or lyef-yeld.”

We will conclude our notice of Anderida by an attempt to reconcile the long existing controversy, and conflicting opinions of antiquaries, as to the site of the antient city or station of Anderida. Some antiquaries fixing it at Pevensey, others, with equal pertinacity, insisting that Newenden, upon the Rother, is the true site.

We think the problem is of easy solution, and that upon a careful investigation of the particulars which history has handed down to us, it will appear that the antient British city, Anderida, was at Newenden, and the antient Roman station or castra of that name, was at Pevensey. Both were situated within or upon the verge of the "Sylva immanis" of that

name.

The two most recent writers upon this controverted point -Mr. Hussey and Mr. Holloway-have treated the subject "On with great learning and ability. The one in his paper the City of Anderida, or Andredes-ceaster," 102 arrives at the

101 We have entered the more fully into the antient tenures in Anderida, as we are reluctantly obliged to dissent from the learned Mr. Kemble's theory, and his "Court of Dens."

102 Journal of the Archæological Institute, vol. iv, p. 203-217; 1847.

conclusion that "Pevensey is, and Pevensey alone, can be the site of the long-lost Romano-British city." The other, in his History of Romney Marsh,103 with equal precision asserts that "Newenden in Kent is the identical spot on which the longsought city stood." Both display the names of eminent antiquaries in support of their respective hypotheses; and both evince equal research and acumen in the investigation.

We shall attempt to reconcile these conflicting opinions by showing that, of the historical passages handed down to us, some relate to Pevensey, while others are applicable to Newenden; but neither of these places appears to fulfil all the conditions which those histories impose.

We will, in the first place, consider what light history has thrown upon the subject.

The most antient authentic history which relates to Anderida, dates from the later period of the Roman settlement in Britain.

Ptolomy of Alexandria, the Geographer, who flourished under the emperors Trajan, Hadrian, and Antoninus Pius, in the early part of the second century-in the third chapter of the second book of his Geography, gives "The Position of the British Island, Albion." He makes no mention of Anderida, the Romans at that early period not having erected their line of forts, or established their castra, or military stations, which at a later period were placed under the jurisdiction of the "Comes Littoris Saxonici per Britanniam."

Our notices from Ptolomy will therefore be short. He gives us

I. "The description of the northern side, beyond which is the ocean called Deucaledonian" [with the names of the more remarkable bays, estuaries, promontories, and rivers, with their longitude and latitude.]

103 History of Romney Marsh, with some Remarks on the Situation of the Antient

Anderida. Lond. 1849.

II. "The description of the western side, which lies along the Irish and Vergivian seas.

III. "A description of the next side, lying towards the south, and bounded by the British ocean" [which, after leaving the promontory Damnonium, or Ocrinum, the Lizard, proceeds as follows] :

In describing the Roman stations, Ptolomy proceeds thus: "Next these [the Atrebatii] and in the most eastern part are the Cantii, and among them these towns:

104 Supposed to be Falmouth haven, so called from the British word 'Gencu,' a mouth, and of which there is still some vestige in the name of a neighbouring town-Tregony. 105 The river Tamarus still retains its antient name, being called Tam-a-rav, gentle river, and its mouth is Plymouth haven.

106 The river Isaca, or rather Isca, is the river Ex, which, passing Exeter, falls into the sea at Exmouth.

107 The river Alaenus is supposed to be the river Ax, and its mouth, Axmouth. It was perhaps called Alaenus from-A laun iu, the full river.

108 Great Haven, or Portus Magnus, is commonly supposed to be Portsmouth. But that is either a mistake, as its situation does not agree with the order in which Ptolomy proceeds, from west to east; or some careless transcriber hath placed it before the river Trisanton by mistake. This last supposition seems to be the most probable.

109 The river Trisanton is most probably the river Test, which falls into Southampton Bay.

110 The New Haven, Mr. Horsley supposes to have been at the mouth of the river Rottiar [Rother?] near Rye; but both Camden and Baxter make it the same with Portus Lemanis, or Lime in Kent, now a small village, but in the Roman times a seaport, and place of considerable note.

11 The Promontory Cantium is universally agreed to be the North Foreland, in Kent, where Ptolomy's description of the south coasts of Britain terminates.

Again

"The Regni lie south from the Atrebatii and the Cantii, and the town

"The Belgæ lie south from the Dobuni, and the towns

South-west from these are the Durotriges, and their town

Next to them, in the most western part, are the Dumnonii, among whom are these towns

We now proceed to Antoninus' Itinerary of Britain; of which sufficient notice has already been taken (ante p. 121-123), as it does not mention Anderida, and consequently throws no light upon the present subject.

The Itinerary of Richard of Cirencester, which we have already noticed (ante p. 123-126), in Iter XV notices the Roman station "Anderida Portu"-supposed to be Pevensey.

The Notitia Imperii, the title of which is "Notitia utraque dignitatum cum orientis tum occidentis ultra Arcadii Honoriique tempora," contains lists of the governors of the several provinces, with the civil officers which composed their courts, and executed their commands; and also of the chief military

officers in these provinces, the troops which they had under them, and the places where they were stationed.

The author, or rather the compiler, of this work, is not known. The precise time in which it was written cannot be ascertained. The very title of it bears that it reached below the times of Arcadius and Honorius, who reigned jointly in the beginning of the fifth century, and of whom the last died A.D. CCCCXXV; and the contents of it show that those sections of it which relate to Britain were written before the final departure of the Romans out of this island.

SECTIO LII.

"Sub dispositione viri spectabilis

Comitis Littoris Saxonici per
Britanniam.

Præpositus numeri Fortensium
Othonæ.

Præpositus militum Tungricanorum Dubris.

Præpositus numeri Turnacensium Lemanis.

Præpositus equitum Dalmatarum Branodunensis Branoduno.

Præpositus equitum Stablesian' Garionnonensis Garionnono.

Tribunus cohortis primæ Vetasiorum Regulbio.

Præpositus legionis secundæ Augustæ Rutupis.

Præpositus numeri Abulcorum Anderidæ.

Præpositus numeri Exploratorum Portu Adurni.”

SECTION LII.

"Under the government of the Honourable the Count of the Saxon shore in Britain.

The commander of detachment of Fortensis at Othona.

The commander of the Tungrian soldiers at Dover.

The commander of a detachment of soldiers of Tournay, at Lime.

The commander of the Dalmatian horse, styled Branodunensis, at Brancaster.

The commander of the Stablesian horse, styled Garionnonensis, at Borough Castle.

The tribune of the first cohort of Vetasians at Reculver.

The commander of the second legion, called Augusta, at Richborough.

The commander of a detachment of the Abulci at Anderida.

The commander of a detachment of scouts at Portsmouth."

Thus the reader will perceive that Roman history affords no positive proof of the site of the station Anderida. All that