which is one of its geological curiosities. The Lesser Skirrid (Skirrid fach) takes its name in relation to its brother peak, though it has no fissure of its own. Archdeacon Coxe (1801) said that the Skirrid has been called St. Michael's Mount, and others have repeated his statement. I have found no authority for it. Llanfetherine deserves a short notice. It is properly Llan-Gwytherin (not LlanMerin, as Professor Rees supposed), a name which occurs again in Denbighshire, where Gwetherin-ap Dinged founded the church in which St. Winifred is reputed to have been buried. Dingad, his father, is commemorated at Dingestow, near Monmouth (formerly Dingatstow), while St. Winifred's spiritual father and instructor, St. Beino, after education at Caerwent, settled under the benefaction of Ynyr Gwent, at Llanfeyno (the Church of St. Beino), north-east of Llanthony. The connection between these dedications in the south and the north deserves further investigation."

Mr. Wood having seen Mr. Blundell's paper added, some days after the meeting, the following remarks to his former contribution, which are here printed for further elucidation :

"I agree with Mr. Blundell that there is much to be said as to the connection between Wales and Brittany, and to show you that I have been working on those lines I send you a cutting with a recent note of mine on St. Wennol, showing how he left Gwent for Brittany, and how, 500 years after, his memory was brought back to Wonastow. But I can by no means agree with Mr. Blundell's suggestion as to the derivation of Crucorney. The first syllable can have nothing to do with crux or cross. There is no name in which such a change occurs. Cross always appears as "cross' ('groes in composition as in 'Bwlch-y-groes'), in which 'oe' equals 'oy,' so it could never become 'u.' It did become 'e,' as in "Gresford,' near Wrexham, which was 'y' (Groesffordd). 'Corney' I cannot connect with 'Cornelius.' Mr. Blundell suggests that that name may occur in Cornely, near Bridgend. But those places (for there are two) are frequently mentioned in the Neath and Margam Charters, and were Cornelau' that is the plural of 'Cornel,' a corner or angle, and these were, in fact, the north-west and southwest corners of Ogmore Down. There is no known dedication to St. Cornelius in Wales. There was one in the diocese of Bayeux,in Normandy, and there it is important to notice that the name became St. Cornier. The '1' does not disappear, but becomes 'r.'

"I know nothing of the Carnac instance mentioned by Mr. Blundell; but it looks suspiciously as if the Bretons had invented a dedication account for a name. This has happened often enough in Wales. Cornely there may have had the same origin as in

Glamorgan. A spring at some corner may have got the name, a cross may have been set up to mark the spring, and so the "ffynnon cornelau' and 'Cross Cornelau' suggested a dedication for the church when it came, and from that of course would follow the legends. But I am, contrary to my wont, being led into speculation of the possible. In the case of Crucorney' no such speculation is open when we have documentary evidence that the hill was' Bryn corneu,' and on it was a crug."

GEOLOGY OF THE SKYRRIG.

A word or two as to the geology of the Skyrrig. The "Hereford Visitor" who reported our meeting observes "that the geological formation is old red sandstone with patches of cornstone at the northern and southern extremities of the summit. For geological references to Skyrrid Fawr the Transactions for 1868, p. 40, may be consulted, "Symonds' Records of the Rocks," p. 234, and "Memoirs of the Geological Survey," No. 232, 1900, pp. 16, 17, 18.

To this brief reference may be added the following notes by the Rev. H. E. Grindley, on the

GLACIAL DAM AT LLANVIHANGEL.

"On the 1-inch Ordnance Drift Map a patch of glacial sand is marked around Llanvihangel station running out as a spur from the west side across the valley at a height of 500-550 feet. It is mapped as extending about three-quarters of a mile across the valley and three furlongs north of the station and four furlongs to the south, up and down the valley. In the deepest part of the railway cutting north of the station the solid rock is exposed, capped by a considerable thickness of sand, and coarse river drift. A little east of the cutting the deposit reaches the height of 547 feet, O. D., and thence all along its north boundary forms an escarpment facing a stretch of levelflood-plain whose surface cannot be much above 420 feet O. D. This escarpment is covered with wood and seen from the road between the village mill and the railway is steep enough to resemble an artificial embankment. Southward the surface of the ground slopes gently with the usual billowy outlines of fluvio-glacial deposits traceable but not strongly evident. At the eastern end of this mass of drift, and on the left hand side of the main road to Abergavenny, is a marked depression in the grounds of Llanvihangel Court, suggestive of an old river bed. About half a mile south of the Court the bank bounding this depression on the east takes a curve towards the axis of the main valley, and seems lost in the mass of

superficial detritus which has been washed down from the Scyrrid, just where a sand pit occurs a little above the 500 feet contour (see map). The whole sand and drift deposit and the river bed close under the hill resemble the features above Bredwardine examined in the last excursion. Before attempting to point out the importance of this glacial deposit in determining the present direction of the river drainage, I should like to draw attention to the contour of the district at the height of 600 feet O. D. The general trend of the hill-slopes at the level agree with those that would be formed by a river flowing S. S. W. from Pandy to join the Usk at Abergavenny; in fact a continuation of the direction of the upper Monnow from Longtown to Pandy, somewhat diverted to the westward. Where the Afon Honddu would join such a supposed river there would naturally be a broad flood plain as we find about Llanvihangel, and the united streams would flow straight down towards Abergavenny. At present, instead of taking this course the upper waters of the Monnow now turn sharply to the north-eastward, and the Afon Honddu makes a similar bend above Llanvihangel, while a river, the Abergavenny river, quite insignificant compared with the spacious valley in which it flows, occupies the southern part of this old valley. I would suggest that the glacial deposit already described sufficiently accounts for the change in direction of the Afon Honddu from almost south to north-east, and probably also for the similar change of the Monnow, though possibly to adequately explain this another dam should be looked for about Pandy. I have only spent one afternoon walking over the Scyrrid to Pandy, but I believe some such process as the following would suffice for the formation of the Llanvihangel dam: Imagine the steep valley of the Afon Honddu filled with a glacier having its gathering ground on the Black Mountains. This glacier would discharge a river heavily laden with sediment, which could only be carried by the waters as long as the bed of the stream was sufficiently steep and confined. This sub-glacial stream would debouche into the broad flat bottomed valley about Llanvihangel, the power of the current to carry its load would be consequently diminished, and the sediment spread out as we see it now. In course of time the shrinkage of the glacier and the diminished volume of water would make it impossible for the stream to surmount the mass of sediment it had formerly deposited, which thus would constitute a dam across the valley. Meanwhile the Monnow cap at. Pontrilas had been more rapidly lowered, perhaps owing to softer rocks, or to a greater volume of water. The waters of the Afon Honddu and the upper Monnow, now prevented from flowing south by a dam of sand, would work backwards over the watershed between Pandy and Pontrilas, along the beds of their former tributaries, and so establish a drainage system running north-east. I have not filled in all the details of the operation, but merely outlined the

chief stages in it. For instance, there was probably a time before the valley towards Abergavenny was completely dammed when the river escaped by the depression observed in the court grounds. From a study of the maps and a walk taken some months since from Pontrilas along the hill to Pandy, I had come to the conclusion that somewhere between Llanvihangel and Abergavenny there must exist a large mass of superficial deposits as a dam to account for the striking bend of the two rivers. If the theory of the former southward flow of the upper waters of these rivers be correct, the deposit at Llanvihangel seems to afford a reasonable explanation of their direction north-eastward.

A visit to the old house Allt-yr-ynys had been contemplated, but circumstances precluded it and it was reserved for a future

occasion.

Hereford was reached at 7-40, all having been charmed by the day's outing.

Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club.

THIRD FIELD Meeting (Ladies' DAY), THURSDAY, JULY 27TH, 1905.

SYMONDS YAT.

The third meeting this year of the Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club was held on Thursday, when ladies were invited. The rendezvous was Symonds Yat, where the President, Mr. Philip Baylis, who is his Majesty's Deputy-Surveyor for the Royal Forest of Dean, did everything for the comfort and convenience of the party, and proved himself a genial host. The gathering, which proved a most enjoyable one despite the occasional storms, was participated in by about eighty to ninety ladies and gentlemen, among those present being :Members: The President (Mr. Philip Baylis), Mr. J. E. Ballard, Mr. C. P. Bird, Mr. William Brown, Mr. H. C. Moore and Mr. T. Hutchinson (joint hon. secs.), Rev. C. B. Caldicott, Mr. J. U. Caldicott, Col. J. E. R. Campbell, Rev. W. S. Clarke, Mr. R. Clarke, Mr. W. E. Clarke, Mr. S. H. Deakin, Sir Edward Elgar, Mr. E. J. Hatton, Mr. A. H. Lamont, Mr. T. W. Morris, Mr. G. H. H. Philpotts, Mr. A. Simpson, Dr. G. R. Sinclair, Mr. Edwin Stooke, Mr. J. E. H. Stooke, Mr. J. P. Sugden, Mr. R. A. Swayne, Mr. G. Wheeler, Mr. H. W. Apperley, Rev. E. Gedge, Mr. Spencer H. Bickham, Rev. A. Ley, Mr. J. B. Pilley (assistant sec.). Visitors: Mrs. E. Ballard, The Misses Bird (2), Mrs. Chave, Miss Chave, Miss Clarke, Mrs. Deakin, Miss Durrant, Mrs. Lamont (Clifton), Mrs. Levason, Mrs. H. C. Moore, Miss Elgar, Miss May Grafton, Mrs. and Miss Simpson, Mrs. Morrison, Miss Wheatley, Mrs. Stooke, Mrs. Hutchinson, Miss Turnard Moore, Miss Pye, Miss Swayne, Miss Wheeler, Miss N. Ballard, Miss Gedge, Miss C. Gedge, Miss Bargrave-Wyborn, Dr. Bargrave-Wyborn, Mr. G. Baxter, Mr. F. C. Brown (Cheltenham), Mr. J. T. Cole, Colonel E. Cecil-Douse, Dr. Foster (Gloucester), Mr. Arthur Hereford (Pencarreg), Dr. Limington-Ask (Devon), Mr. F. Wheeler, Mr. D. N. Campbell, and Mr. John Ballard.

By the arrangement made by the President, Crown woodmen were provided to act as guides. The party walked parallel with the railway line as far as the "Slaughter." a distance of one mile, where those who felt disposed ascended through the wood to the Double View, the village of Staunton and the Buckstone,