and steep descents, just as the nature of the ground dictated. The hill rises to a height of 500 ft. above the sea, and 200 above the haugh of the Earn, a mile below its exit from Lochearn, in the midst of one of the most charming scenes in Scotland. Its form is somewhat triangular (fig. 23), the southern side rising by a nearly inaccessible precipitous face from the Alt Iogain, the western by a very abrupt ascent, broken by steeply sloping ice-smoothed rock-faces and little cliffs, while the northern, rising abruptly at first, eases off suddenly into three rough irregular plateaux, E, I, O, raised one above the other from W. to E., and bounded on the S. by a mural precipice, X N, which rises to the top of the hill, completely cutting off the two lower plateaux from the top, but leaving a difficult access from the third along the edge of the southern precipice. The view from the N.W. (fig. 24) shows the defences on the northern side. Above the group of trees on the left is the outer mound (B X on the plan). Above the next three trees is the mound, H, in advance of the first wall of defence. The next two trees stand on the debris from the N. wall of the second plateau. Then comes the continuation of this wall up the slope to the third plateau. This plateau lies too high to show much, but its N. wall is seen running above the steep tree-covered slope to the sky-line, and the great debris mass of its W. wall, the second wall of defence, is conspicuous running to the foot of a rock, above which is the third wall of defence, with a tree and bush on the sky-line. Highest of all is the debris from the wall round the summit. Strictly speaking, the building of the walls is only inferred, as none is visible, but there can hardly be a doubt that the masses of debris conceal the bases of regular walls.

All these points can be made out in fig. 25, taken from the W. (some trees are omitted), the N. ends of the two walls of the western side being also visible.

The fort is about 600 ft. in length by an average width of 450, without reckoning the first plateau, E, which perhaps was not intended to be seriously defended. The contained area, therefore, is very large for a Highland fort, but the habitable space is limited to the hollow of the second plateau, to the third plateau (much curtailed by rocks), and to the summit, with some tolerably level ground at the foot of its little cliffs on the E. and S.

26. Two Forts' are marked on the O.M. in Glenalmond before it opens up on the lowlands of Perth, both of which I have seen. One of these, however, at South Tulchan does not seem to me to bear any resemblance to a fort, and I have placed it in the class of dubious remains. The other is Dun More, 6 m. N.N.E. of Crieff. On the N. side of ‘the Sma' Glen,' on the top of a heathery hill, 1520 ft. above the sea, with a steep descent of 850 ft. to the Almond River on the S.W., and with short, steep, rocky descents elsewhere, except eastwards, where the approach is nearly level, but by a narrow neck. The enclosed, irregularly oval top is almost level, and is girdled by an overthrown stone wall, resting with its inner side on the very edge of the slope and the outer one several feet lower, with rudely built portions still standing, but no wellbuilt face remaining. Many of the stones are large. The cross diameters of the interior are 150 and 90 ft., and the thickness of the wall was probably 8 to 10 ft. Annexed to the E. and most accessible side is a crescentic work with a greatest interior width of 30 ft. and enclosed by a wall 300 ft. long, similar in size and condition to that of the main work. I have given no

Fig. 25. Dundurn from the West.

plan of this work, as Mr Hutcheson's plan of Caisteal Dubh, No. 30, might almost stand for it, although the latter is much larger.

27. Passing now to the valley of the Tay and its upper tributaries, the most remote work is Dun Geal, on Creag a' Chaisteal, 900 ft. above the sea, m. N.E. of Fortingall, Glenlyon. It has been well noticed by Miss Maclagan, as well as by Mr Hutcheson, who describes it as standing on the summit of a hill with a considerable extent of easy sloping ground around it; circular in form, 58

ft. in diameter within the wall, which averages 10 ft. in thickness, showing the outside and inside faces intact in several places; the masonry very massive, being erected almost wholly of stones separated either naturally or by art from the hill, and splitting easily into cubes.

28. The fort highest up the Tay proper is the very interesting Fort' of the O.M., Caisteal Mac Tuathal of Mr Hutcheson, or Dun Mac Tual, 24 m. E.

of Fortingall, 1000 yds. N.W. of Taymouth Castle, 900 ft. above the sea, on one of the eastern spurs of Drummond Hill. The chief facts in Mr Hutcheson's very full and accurate account, which I give, will be clearly understood from his reproduced plan (fig. 26). The fort occupies the summit of a bold projecting rocky knoll with precipitous slopes to the S. and E., but descending less steeply on the other sides. The walls follow the contour of the hill to suit the exigencies of the site, and thus form a very irregular somewhat square figure, the inner area measuring about 300 by 210 ft. A B on the plan is a short wall branching off to include a natural platform. The curved wall at the N.E. angle encloses a space about 165 ft. long, where there is a spur rising towards the summit. On the W., the most vulnerable side, two additional walls have been thrown up on the side of a hollow, some 25 ft. deep, that separates the fort from the ascending slope of Drummond Hill. At the bottom of this hollow is a spring of water. The main wall of the fort is much broken down, but in places the outer and inner faces still stand, and I give a sketch (fig. 27), which

Fig. 27. Remains of Wall, Dun Mac Tual.

I took many years ago, of a portion of the outer face, where it is best preserved, Mr. Hutcheson judges from the quantity of stones lying below this face that the original height must have been 12 to 15 ft. The width here at the base is some 9 ft.; the outer tace is almost perpendicular, but the inner slopes considerably. Mr Hutcheson states that the name is attributed to Tuathal, son of Argutso, Abbot of Dunkeld, mentioned in the Annals of Ulster as having died in A, D, 865.

29. The Dun, Tyndun, 1 m. S.S.E. of Aberfeldy, occupies the summit of a commanding height, 1100 ft, above the sea, and is described by Mr Hutcheson as being an almost complete circle, 119 ft. in diameter inside the wall, which is from 14 to 15 ft. thick. It is almost entirely destroyed, but the outside and inside faces can be clearly seen to have been formed of un