eleven small Buckles, all cut out of thin sheet brass, found together in excavating an Indian mound at Kaukauna, Outagamie Co., State of Wisconsin. Mr Shiells has supplied the facts for the following account of the locality and circumstances connected with the discovery of these curious Fig. 1. Luckenbooth Brooch and Cross found in an Indian mound. (3.) relics of the old intercourse between the British and the Indians. Kaukauna is on the Fox River, 23 miles W. of Green Bay, which is one of the very oldest settlements in North America, at the south end of a large bay of Lake Michigan and the mouth of the Fox River. It was the seat of a Jesuit Mission, and a depôt for the fur traders. The river was the highway to the Mississippi. Its sources are on the south side of the water-shed of Lake Superior. It runs in a southerly course to the city of Portage, where it turns easterly to the bay. The Wisconsin River pursues a similar course to Portage, where a slight water-shed deflects it westerly to the Mississippi. The two rivers come within three or four miles of each other and are now joined by a canal. The Indian traders used to take their canoes up the Fox River by Kaukauna and Neenah to Portage, carry them over the slight ridge, and go down the Wisconsin to Prairie du Chien on the Mississippi. Mr P. V. Lawson, ex-Mayor of Menasha, has written an account of the circumstances in which these Luckenbooth brooches, crosses, and other trade articles came to be buried in the Indian mounds on this route. The method of obtaining the friendship of the Indian tribes during the occupation of the French and English was by making presents to the savages. By lavish gift-making the British had the strong support of all the savage tribes of the north-west, even after the treaty of 1789, and up to and all through the war of 1812. From memoranda found in the Canadian archives it appears that there were given to a chief from the upper country, among other items: "three hundred brooches, twelve pair ear-bobs." In 1814, in the official list of goods sent to Green Bay for distribution were "eighteen hundred and seventy-four brooches, twelve hundred and fifty ear-bobs." By means of such gifts nearly every tribe in the great north-west fought on the British side. (2) By Mr ANDREW LAW, through Mr G. L. Scott Elliot. Digging Stone of purplish steatite, 6 inches diameter, perforated by an aperture made from both sides, 24 inches diameter; and Perforated Disc of yellowish sandstone, 14 inches diameter, both from Tanganyika, Central Africa. Mr Scott Elliot sends the following account of the Digging Stone:Mr Andrew Law, for a long time stationed at Tanganyika in charge of the African Lakes Company's post there, and also subsequently in various places in British Central Africa in forts of the British South Africa Company, sent this to me through the kind offices of Captain Boileau, R.E. Mr Law stated that this stone was dug up, and was the most perfect that he had ever seen. The use of the stone was not known to the present inhabitants of the country, and Mr Law was himself not aware of the manner in which the Bushmen of the Kalahari use similar instruments. It seems probable that it is therefore a relic of the former occupation of this part of Africa by tribes which have now been driven into the extreme South by the advance southwards of natives allied to the Zulus. A stick pushed through the hole would, undoubtedly, be a good instrument for levering up large tubers and bulbs, which form a considerable part of the Bushmen's food. (3) By Mr W. G. STEWART, Makarora, New Zealand. Rudely-made Axe of jade, 4 inches in length by 24 inches in breadth and 3 inches in thickness, from Makarora, Pembroke, New Zealand. (4) By Mr ALEX. BELL, Gasworks, Dalkeith. Stone Ball, 2 inches diameter, found at Eldonhaugh, near Melville Castle; Stone Ball, 24 inches diameter, found near Straiton; and Perforated Stone Disc, rudely triangular in outline, 33 inches by 24 inches, found in Gala Water. (5) By Dr A. P. AITKEN. Fragments of a small Cinerary Urn, found at Leswalt, Wigtownshire. (6) By Mr JAMES CAMERON, Marlee, Blairgowrie, through DAVID MACRITCHIE, F.S.A. Scot. Three Arrow-heads and a Spear-head of chert, 34 inches by 24 inches, from Nebraska, U.S.A. (7) By Mr JOHN BERTRAM. Medal, in copper, of the Elgin Marbles, dedicated to George IV. (8) By the Misses DRUMMOND, Royal Crescent. Small Luckenbooth Brooch in gold, heart-shaped, ğ inch in diameter, set with garnets. (9) By T. WATSON-GREIG, of Glencarse, F.S.A. Scot. Banner Pike-head, 25 inches in length, found at Dalchosnie, Perthshire. The pike is four-edged and 10 inches long, with a knob at the base and straps riveted down the sides of the shaft, the globular heads of the rivets pierced with holes for the attachment of the banner. (10) By F. G. HILTON PRICE. A Catalogue of the Egyptian Antiquities in the possession of F. G. Hilton Price. 4to. 1897. (11) By C. SANFORD TERRY, the Author. Civil War Papers. Extract from Archeologia Eliana. (12) By Col. JAMES ALLARDYCE, LL.D. The Strachans of Glenkindie, 1357-1726. 4to. Printed for private circulation. (13) By JAMES CURLE, Librarian. Das La Tene Grabfeld von Langugest, bei Bilin in Böhmen, von Robert Ritter von Weinzierl. 4to. 1899. There were Exhibited :— (1) By WILLIAM BUCHAN, F.S.A. Scot. Bronze Scabbard-Tip of Late-Celtic type, found on Glencotho Farm, Peeblesshire. [See the subsequent paper by Mr Buchan.] (2) By T. WATSON-GREIG of Glencarse, F.S.A. Scot. Seal (impression) of James Sharpe, Archbishop of St Andrews. I. NOTES ON JAMES FIFTH'S TOWERS, HOLYROOD PALACE. We may question if in the whole of Scotland there is one spot which is better known or more deeply impressed with tragic associations than the Holyrood of Mary Stuart. Not only to our own countrymen but to the English speaking nations it has become a pilgrimage of never failing interest; and even in the devotee from foreign lands who can only mutter the words Marie Stuart' as he finds his way through the old Towers, the same keen sense of profound interest is manifest. The regal palaces of Falkland, Linlithgow, and Stirling's towering stronghold have each their tales of strife and roll of births and royal Stuart deaths, but the story of Mary Stuart's six years' misery in her father's Towers of Holyrood has made an indelible mark in Scottish history. What has been often designated as descriptive treatment of James Fifth's Towers has yet left us without one thorough exposition, either of their external elevation and varied changes, or of their curious and somewhat intricate interiors in which so many historic and tragic events have occurred. Even in the Proceedings of this Society there is a singular paucity of that exact periodical tracing which we expect to find from the study of such a deeply interesting pile. We may except from this remark, however, the lucid description of the ceiling of Queen Mary's Audience Chamber by Henry Laing, which, strange to say, has never yet found its way out of the volume, not even into the pages of the official guide. It is hoped that an initiatory paper such as this may lead the way to a further investigation, not only dealing with the Towers as they stand, but with the unsolved question whether they originated with James Fifth or his ill-fated father. James Fourth was married to Margaret Tudor in 1503 in the Abbey of Holyrood, and there was some sort of a royal palace ready to receive her then. It appears that although Henry Seventh had long proposed the alliance, it was not till 1502 that the royal pair were formally affianced ; and part, at least, of the palace was ready in 1503, as described in glowing terms by John Younger, Somerset Herald. That it was of a somewhat extensive nature there is clear and convincing proof. On his arrival, we are told, after Te Deum had been sung, "the King in a most loving manner conducted the Princess out of the church through the cloisters 1 Proceedings, vol. ix. p. 381. 2 About 1495. See Tytler's Scotland, vol. ii. p. 261. Rymer's Fœdera, vol. xii. p. 572. Rymer, vol. xii. p. 765, gives the date of the dispensation for the marriage 5th August 1500. See Tytler, vol. ii. p. 269. Wilson, vol. i. p. 25. 3 History of Holyrood, pp. 25 and 124. That there were apartments for the Stuart kings in Holyrood long previous to this is beyond any doubt, for as early as 1430 the Queen of James First gave birth to twin sons in the Abbey, the elder of whom died, the survivor being James of the Fiery Face. James Third made it his residence almost constantly; then followed his son James Fourth, who appears to have much frequented the Abbey, and received there the historic sword presented by Pope Julius II., which forms part of the Regalia of Scotland; but seemingly he had become convinced that the offices of the Canons of St Augustine were not suitable, and hence arose the first royal palace to receive his bride. VOL. XXXIV. P |