A. D.

Page

Resigns his usurped power,

97

Is prevailed upon to resume it under the title of

Attempts of the senate after the death of Caligula, 116

Image of government for the armies,

The race of the Cæsars and Flavian family,

96 Adoption and character of Trajan,

117 Of Hadrian,

Adoption of the elder and younger Verus,
138-180, Adoption of the two Antonines,
Character and reign of Pius,

of Marcus,

Happiness of the Romans,

Its precarious nature,

ib.

117

118

119

ib.

ib.

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

Memory of Tiberius, Caligula, Nero, and Domitian, 128

Peculiar misery of the Romans under their tyrants, 129
Insensibility of the Orientals,

Knowledge and free spirit of the Romans,

ib.

130

Extent of their empire left them no place of refuge, 132

CHAP. IV.

The cruelty, fallies, and murder of Commodus.-Election
of Pertinax.-His attempts to reform the state.-His
assassination by the prætorium guards.

Hatred and cruelty of Commodus towards the senate, 141

193 And by the senate,

150

151

Commodus displays his skill in the amphitheatre,

152

153

154

156

ib.

Choice of Pertinax for emperor,

He is acknowledged by the prætorian guards,

The memory of Commodus declared infamous,

Legal jurisdiction of the senate over the emperors, 160

157

158

159

ib.

CHAP. V.

Public sale of the empire to Didius Julianus by the præ-
torian guards.Clodius Albinus in Britain, Pescennius
Niger in Syria, and Septimius Severus in Pannonia, de-
clare against the myrderers of Pertinax.-Civil wars
and victory of Severus over his three rivals. Relaxa
tion of discipline.-New maxims of government.

A. D.

Proportion of the military force to the number of
the people,

The institution of the prætorian guards,

Page

167

168

The public discontent,

ib.

The armies of Britain, Syria, and Pannonia, declare

Disgrace of the prætorian guards,

Funeral and apotheosis of Pertinax,

Is condemned and executed by order of the senate, 185

193-197. Success of Severus against Niger and against

Albinus,

Conduct of the two civil wars,

Arts of Severus,

Towards Niger,

Towards Albinus,

186

187

ib.

188

189

ib.

190

2

The death of Severus.-Tyranny of Caracalla.- Usurpa
tion of Macrinus.-Follies of Elagabalus.-Virtues of
Alexander Severus.-Licentiousness of the army.-Ge-
neral state of the Roman finances.

Contrast of the Caledonians and the Romans,

Ambition of Caracalla,

211 Death of Severus, and accession of his two sons,

Jealousy and hatred of the two emperors,

Fruitless negociation for dividing the empire be-
tween them,

212 Mrider of Geta,

Remorse and cruelty of Caracalla,

Death of Papinian,

213 His tyranny extended over the whole empire,

Relaxation of discipline,

209

210

ib.

211

212

214

215

217

218

220

a

Macrinus attempts a reformation of the army,

Death of the empress Julia,

Education, pretensions, and revolt, of Elagabalus,
called at first Bassianus and Antoninus,

218 Defeat and death of Macrinus,

Elagabalus writes to the senate,

219 Picture of Elagabalus,

His superstition,

His profligate and effeminate luxury,

Contempt of decency which distinguished the Ro-

man tyrants,

Discontents of the army,

221 Alexander Severus declared Cæsar,

Page

22.1

223

ib.

224

226

227

228

ib.

230

232

233

ib.

235

237

238

ib.

222 Sedition of the guards, and murder of Elagabalus, 239

Accession of Alexander Severus,

222-235. General happiness of the Roman world,
Alexander refuses the name of Antoninus,

246

247

He attempts to reform the army,

Seditions of the prætorian guards, and murder of

Defects of his reign and character,

Digression on the finances of the empire,

Establishment of the tribute on Roman citizens,

Abolition of the tribute,