The Early Norman Castles of the British Isles

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B. WATLING STREET AND THE DANELAGH

C. THE MILITARY ORIGIN OF THE BOROUGHS

D. THE WORDS "CASTRUM" AND

E. THE BURGHAL HIDAGE

Motte-Castles from the Bayeux Tapestry :-Dol, Rennes, Dinan,

Bayeux, Hastings.

Frontispiece

FACING PAGE

1. Typical Motte - Castles :-Topcliffe, Yorks; Laughton-en-le-

Morthen, Yorks; Anstey, Herts; Dingestow, Monmouth;

Hedingham, Essex

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8. Arundel, Sussex; Abergavenny, Monmouth

9. Barnstaple, Devon; Berkhampstead, Herts; Bishop's Stortford,

Herts

10. Bourn, Lincs; Bramber, Sussex

II. Caerleon, Monmouth; Carisbrooke

12. Carlisle; Castle Acre, Norfolk

13. Clifford, Hereford; Clitheroe, Lancs; Corfe, Dorset

14. Dover (from a plan in the British Museum, 1756) .

15. Dunster, Somerset ; Dudley, Staffs.

16. Durham

17. Ely, Cambs; Ewias Harold, Hereford; Eye, Suffolk

18. Hastings, Sussex; Huntingdon

19. Launceston, Cornwall; Lewes, Sussex

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108

FIG.

20. Lincoln

FACING PAGE

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21. Monmouth; Montacute, Somerset ; Morpeth, Northumberland .

22. Norham; Nottingham

23. Norwich (from Harrod's Gleanings among the Castles and Convents of Norfolk, p. 133)

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24. Okehampton, Devon; Penwortham, Lancs; Pevensey, Sussex 25. Oxford (from Oxonia Illustrata, David Loggan, 1675)

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26. Pontefract, Yorks; Preston Capes, Northants; Quatford, Salop. 27. Rayleigh, Essex; Richard's Castle, Hereford

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28. Richmond, Yorks; Rochester, Kent

29. Rockingham, Northants

30. Old Sarum, Wilts

31. Shrewsbury; Skipsea, Yorks

32. Stafford; Tamworth, Staffs; Stanton Holgate, Salop; Tickhill, Yorks

33. Tonbridge, Kent; Totnes, Devon

34. Trematon, Cornwall; Tutbury, Staffs

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35. Wallingford, Berks

36. Warwick; Wigmore, Hereford

37. Winchester (from a plan by W. Godson, 1750)

38. Windsor Castle (from Ashmole's Order of the Garter)
39. York Castle and Baile Hill (from a plan by P. Chassereau, 1750)
40. Motte-Castles of North Wales:-Mold, Welshpool, Wrexham,
Mathraval

41. Motte-Castles of South Wales :-Cilgerran, Blaenporth, Chastell
Gwalter

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42. Motte-Castles of South Wales :-Builth, Gemaron, Payn's Castle 43. Motte-Castles of South Wales :-Cardiff, Loughor

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44. Scottish Motte-Castles :-Annan, Moffat, Duffus, Old Hermitage 45. Irish Motte-Castles :-Ardmayle, Downpatrick, Drogheda, Castleknock

THE EARLY NORMAN CASTLES OF

THE BRITISH ISLES

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTORY

THE study of earthworks has been one of the most neglected subjects in English archæology until quite

recent years.

It may even be said that during the first

ERRATA

Page 34, note 1.-For "construerat " read "construxerat."
Page 40, line 9.-For "there was only one motte, the site of
the castle of the Norman Giffards is now almost obliter-
ated," read "there was only one motte, site of the castle
of the Norman Giffards, now almost obliterated."

Page 133, line 16.-For "1282" read "1182."

Page 145, note 1.-For "Legercestria" read "Legecestria."
Page 147, line 15.-Delete comma after "castle."

Page 216, note 2.-For "instalment " read "statement."

Page 304, note 3.-For "Galloway, Wigton, Kirkcudbright,
and Dumfries," read "Galloway (Wigton, Kirkcudbright,
and Dumfries)."

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172

21. Monmouth; Montacute, Somerset ; Morpeth, Northumberland . 22. Norham; Nottingham