to be crushed in the sewer; and if they were moulded of extra strength, the wet pipes collapsed with their own weight in drying, were twisted out of shape in burning, or were imperfectly vitrified. Sewers of radiated bricks, moulded for the purpose, were better and cheaper than earthen pipes; a sewer thus constructed, three feet in diameter, being cheaper than one of pottery pipe of twenty inches diameter, their relative capacities being as the squares of their diameters; and there was no reason why brick sewers should not be as smooth within, and as impervious, as any pottery pipe. The discussion of the paper was commenced, but adjourned until November 30, when it was announced that the whole evening would be devoted to it.-Proc. Inst. of Civ. Eng. Nov. 23.

AMERICAN PATENTS.

List of American Patents which issued from Jan. 11th, to Feb. 8th, 1853, (inclusive,) with Exemplifications by CHARLES M. KELLER, late Chief Examiner of Patents in the U. S. Patent Office.

JANUARY 11TH.

17. For an Improvement in Rakes to Harvesters; Thomas Baylis and Daniel Williams, Tecumseh, Michigan.

Claim. "What we claim as our invention and improvement is, the construction and method of operating the rake, together with the use of the jointed brake in facilitating the discharge of the sheaf at the rear of the machine, as set forth."

18. For an Improvement in Lathes for Turning Interior and Exterior Surfaces; Nathan Chapin, City of New York.

Claim. "Having described the devices by which turning of profile work is effected, what I claim as my invention is, constructing the clamping heads with a V projection on the interior face, in combination with the orifices, to act through said clamps and V projection, for the purpose of introducing key slats, in order to retain the pieces firmly in position, during the operation of turning the interior and exterior surfaces.

"2d, I claim giving to the sliding and vibrating interior cutter, suspended on the stationary mandrel, motion corresponding to the pattern to be turned, by a rod passing through the stationary mandrel, in the manner and for the purpose herein described." 19. For an Improvement in Porous Cells for Galvanic Batteries; Moses G. Farmer, Salem, Massachusetts.

Claim.—“I claim as my invention the improved cell, as made substantially as described, viz. with a part only of it porous, or so as to permit the electricity to pass from the nitric acid or liquid within it, through such part and into the liquid surrounding the cell, the remainder of the cell being made by glazing or other means impervious to the passage of electricity and acid or liquid through it, as specified.”

20. For an Improvement in Scythe Fastenings; Pinckney Frost, Springfield, Vermont. Claim. "What I claim as my invention is, the peculiar construction of the loop and the set ring, with the grooves, in the manner and for the purpose set forth."

21. For an Improvement in Mode of Operating Circular Saws; Ammi M. George, Nashua, New Hampshire.

saw, which

"The nature of my invention consists in supporting and guiding a circular is driven by friction applied near its periphery, by means of a guard plate, upon which is placed an arbor, fitting a circular opening in the centre of the saw plate, and around which the saw runs, by which means I am enabled to saw boards or veneers of a width almost equal to the diameter of the saw."

Claim. "Having described my invention, what I claim therein as new is, in combination with a circular saw driven by friction near its periphery, the guard plate with its arbor, around which the saw runs, and by which it is held into the wood, and on which

the board or veneer being sawed may rest, and relieve the saw from all friction therefrom, and by which means I am enabled to cut boards or veneers of nearly equal width with the diameter of the saw, substantially as described."

22. For an Improvement in Fire Polishing Glass; John L. Gilliland, Brooklyn, N. Y. Claim. "What I claim as my invention is, the method, substantially as described, of fire polishing glass by means of a rotating table, provided with a hollow handle, or its equivalent, and gear, by which said table can be rotated, as described."

23. For an Improvement in Buckles; Peter P. R. Hayden, City of New York

"The nature of my invention consists in a peculiar manner of uniting or connecting the two ends of the body of the buckle together, viz. by means of a boss formed at each of the ends of the body, said bosses being in contact with each other, and forming a bulb, around which one end of the tongue is clasped; the end of the tongue which surrounds the bulb having a recess or groove in it, in order to prevent the tongue from slipping off of the bulb." ally Claim. "What I claim as new is, constructing the buckle in the manner substanti of as herein shown and described, viz. by uniting or connecting the two ends of the body the buckle by means of a boss formed at each of the two ends of the body; said bosses being in contact with each other, and forming a bulb, around which one end of the tongue is clasped; the end of the tongue which surrounds the bulb having a recess or groove in its inner surface, which conforms to the convexity of the bulb, and keeps or binds the bosses firmly together, and also keeps the tongue in its proper place."

24. For an Improvement in Manure Spreaders; Silas A. Hedges, Lancaster, Ohio.

"My improvements consist in constructing a cart with two bodies, the front one of which is capable of being raised so as to discharge the manure into the rear one, by means of throwing a shaft, which is connected with the front end of it, by a tackle, into gear with the hind axle; and in providing an inclined endless apron in the rear body, which is also actuated by the hind axle, and so arranged with the tail board, that by means of a lever it is thrown into gear simultaneously with the raising of the tail board."

Claim. "Having fully described my invention, what I claim therein as new is, constructing a manure cart with two bodies, the front one of which is raised or tilted for the discharge of manure into the rear one, by the action of the hind axle, by means of the axle and tackle, when thrown into gear by the hand lever, arranged and operating in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

"I also particularly claim the combination of the endless apron, the tilting body, and raising the tail board simultaneously with throwing in gear the endless slotted apron, in the manner and for the purposes fully set forth.”

25. For an Improvement in Manufacturing Copying Paper; William Mann, Philadeldelphia, Pennsylvania; ante-dated July 11, 1852.

Claim."What I claim as my invention is, the copying paper herein described, composed of Manilla fibre or the equivalent thereof, tempered with cotton or its equivalent, substantially as herein set forth."

26. For an Improvement in Screw Cutting Dies; Andrew Mayer, Philadelphia, Penn. Claim. "What I claim as my invention is, arranging solid dies between the side plates, or their equivalents, of a stock, in such a manner that they are free to play, to a limited distance, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the bolt or pipe to be screwed, while they are at the same time incapable of revolution in the same plane, substantially in the manner and for the purposes described."

27. For an Improved Method of Connecting the Sheets of Sheet Flue and Water Space Steam Boilers; Richard Montgomery, City of New York.

Claim. "Having described my improvements in steam boilers, what I claim as new is, riveting together the overlapping flanches of the opposite sides of the sheet flues in steam boilers in the manner described, whereby the flues are firmly attached each to each, and the usual flue sheet is dispensed with; and also certain advantages in construction attained in other parts of the boiler, as described.

"I also claim the method of connecting a series of flues and water spaces with the roof or arch of the fire box, by means of tongues, which project from the latter and are secured alternately to the faces of the water spaces and to the tops of the flues."

28. For an Improvement in Smut Machines; Dan Pease, Jr., Floyd, New York.

Claim. "What I claim as my invention is, the employment of the adjustable deflector,

set at an angle to throw the grain in different directions, in combination with the receiver, the top of the said receiver being adjustable to any height desired, and the front piece of the same being set in such a position, in relation to the deflector, that it will, when the grain strikes the deflector, be thrown against the said plane surface, which from its peculiar position will throw the grain in a partially spread state up against the adjustable top, which causes it to spread still more, and then to fall down on the ribbed bottom, and pass off through the wind pipe.

"I also claim causing the grain to spread to a greater or less degree, by making the top of the receiver adjustable to different heights, in the manner and for the purpose herein described."

JANUARY 18TH.

29. For an Improvement in Operating the Treadles of Looms; Robert W. Andrews, Stafford, Connecticut.

"The nature of my invention consists in operating each treadle by means of a mover, having two outwardly acting cam surfaces of unequal lengths combined in one piece, in such a manner that the portion of the said mover upon its arbor can be reversed for the purpose of doubling its capacity for producing different movements and retentions of the treadles, substantially as hereinafter set forth."

Claim. "What I claim as my invention is, operating each treadle by means of a mover, having two outwardly acting cam surfaces of unequal lengths combined in one piece, and producing the movements and retentions, substantially as herein set forth. I also claim such a form and arrangement, respectively, of the treadles and the movers, that the treadles can be reversed in their positions upon their fulcrums, and thereby cause a reversal of the movement and retentions of the said treadles, substantially as herein set forth."

30. For an Improvement in Bedstead Fastenings; Charles L. Bauder, Cleveland, Ohio. Claim. "What I claim as my invention is, the fastening of bedsteads by the use of a metal bar, having upon its extremities, arms with inner faces formed of sections of screws; which arms work against the faces of castings, secured in the bed posts, and to the ends of the rails, thus drawing the ends of the rails against the posts; the faces of these castings against which the arms of the bar work, being likewise constructed of sections of screws, the joint being kept close, and the bedstead firm, by the pressure of the stat frame, caused by the weight of the bed and its occupants, upon arms attached to the Inetal bar; thus forming a self-tightening fastening, the whole being constructed and arranged as herein fully set forth."

31. For an Improvement in Machinery for Reducing Metal Bars; Dexter H. Chamberlain, Assignor to Cyrus G. Howard, Boston, Massachusetts.

Claim.-"What I claim as my improvement is, the combination of the bolster with the three rollers, as arranged and made to operate together, substantially in manner and for the purpose as specified; the object of the said bolster being to prevent the over-riding, or squeezing out of the metal, so as to form a fin between the rollers, as stated."

32. For an Improvement in Saddle-Trees; Joseph Contner, Milroy, Pennsylvania.

Claim. "Having described the nature of my improvement, what I claim as my invention is, connecting the bridge spring seat to the pommel of the saddle, by hooking or fastening the hook or curvature, on the front end of the longitudinal centre spring of the bridge spring seat, to the semi-oval or semi-circular steel or iron plate or strap, fastened down underneath the pommel, by screws or otherwise, through its legs to the legs of the pommel, to give additional spring or play by its motion on its pivots to the seat, and to allow the bridge spring seat to be disconnected from the frame of the saddle when necessary, and to strengthen the pommel by rendering the hole through it near the horn (which weakens it) for connecting with the seat unnecessary.”

33. For an Improvement in Driving Circular Saws, &c.; George and David Cook, New Haven, Connecticut.

Claim. "What we claim is, the curved or hooked tooth pinion, acting in the manner and for the purposes herein before set forth."

34. For an Improvement in Harness Boards for Jacquard Looms; Edward Everett, Lawrence, Mass., and Samuel T. Thomas, Lowell, Massachusetts.

"Our invention is designed to facilitate the operation of changing the relative position

of the mail cords or heddles, in a jacquard loom, when the number of threads in a given breadth of the cloth is to be increased or diminished; our improvement being confined to that part of the loom commonly called the 'hole board.'"

Claim. "What we claim is, the sectional harness board, in combination with the movable supporting bars, placed on each side of the frame for the purpose of adjusting and retaining said harness boards in the position required; the whole constructed, combined, and arranged, in the manner and for the purpose specified."

35. For an Improvement in Wool Condensers; James S. Hogeland, Lafayette, Indiana. Claim. "Having described my improved wool condenser, what I claim as new therein is, the method herein described, of detaching the ropeings from the rub roller, and guiding them on their passage to the spool, in such manner as to prevent them from being unequally deflected, and thereby unequally stretched, by means of a relief and guide roller, arranged and operating substantially as herein set forth."

36. For an Improvement in Screw Cutting Dies; John Griffiths, Philadelphia, Pa.

Claim. "What I claim as my invention is, the circular die with an offset, which makes a cutting edge, which is held in position by a bolt and screw nut, the threads which are cut in its periphery being parallel, instead of having a running pitch, substantially in the manner and for the purposes as herein before described."

37. For an Improvement in Compounds for Stereotype Plates; John L. Kingsley, City of New York.

Claim. "Having stated clearly the nature, and described the process of preparing my gum compound, specially adapted to the stereotype plates and moulds, I wish it to be distinctly understood, that I do not claim the mixture of the gums, gutta percha, india rubber, etc., with other non-elastic gums, resins, etc., or shellac, sulphur, etc.; nor do I claim vulcanizing; nor do I use vulcanized compounds; nor do I claim mixing the elastic gums with the alkaline earths, or earth proper; nor with the carbonates; nor the sulphates of these bases, as pulverized marble, plaster of paris, epsom salts, etc.; all of these things having been done before by Nelson Goodyear and others, for hardening and otherwise modifying the elastic gums; but what I do claim as my invention is, the making of stereotype moulds and plates of the raw or uncured gum, combined with the pulverized oxide of iron and antimony, or their equivalents, in manner and for the purpose herein set forth." 38. For an Improvement in Corn Shellers; Jeremiah P. Smith, Hummelstown, Penn’a. Claim. "What I claim as new are, the beveled spring blocks, or shelling bars, in separate pieces, in the manner and for the purpose set forth in the preamble and specification; but I do not claim to be the inventor of spring blocks or shelling bars."

39. For an Improvement in Valves of Rotary Steam Engines; Joseph W. Webb, Assignor to Benjamin Gould, Aurora, New York.

Claim. "Having fully described my invention, what Į claim is, making two exhaust openings, such as described, separate and distinct from each other, through each steam and cut-off valve; said valves having seats on the upper as well as lower side of the steam chamber, each of said exhaust openings communicating with the exhaust chamber, through apertures in the upper side of the steam chamber, which are opened and closed at pleasure, by slides used in connexion with the valves for governing or reversing the engine.” 40. For an Improvement in Seed Planters; Samuel and William Witherow, Assignors to Samuel Witherow, Gettysburgh, Pennsylvania.

Claim. "Having fully described the nature of our invention, what we claim therein as new is, the arranging of the spring slide and roller, within a box or tube forming one end of the hopper, in such manner as to prevent any more seed from leaving the hopper than is required for planting; the whole being arranged in the manner and for the purpose specially set forth. We also claim the arrangement of the drag bar under the plough beam, and passing through the adjustable hanger, and a slot in the neck of the mould board, for the purpose of giving additional lateral support to it, and protecting it from the earth which runs up in the mould board in turning the furrows; the whole being arranged and combined in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth and described."

JANUARY 25TH.

41. For Improvements in Method of Joining Corners of Boxes, &c.; John Bell, Harlem, New York.

"The nature of my invention consists in so forming a joint at the corners of boxes,

drawers, or similar articles, as to prevent their coming apart when the lid or bottom is fastened on, thereby being secured in a manner superior to dovetailing or other modes heretofore known."

Claim. "What I claim as my invention is, the joining of corners of boxes, &c., by means of double oblique parallel mortises and tenons, so that neither the sides nor ends can be separated or displaced without previous removal of the top and bottom of the box, as set forth substantially in the foregoing specification and accompanying drawings." 42. For Improvements in Working the Condenser attached to Steam Diaphragm Pumps; James Black and Orson Beecher, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Claim. "What we claim as our invention is, 1st, The pipe and valves, or their equivalents, so constructed and arranged as to draw the air, &c., from the condenser, and drive it into the discharge pipe, or elsewhere, by the column of water in said pipe, operated by the working of the diaphragın, which causes said column of water to work the equivalent of an air pump to the condenser.

"2d, The pipe and valve, or their equivalents, so constructed and arranged as to draw the water from the condenser by the raising of the diaphragm, thus causing the water pump to work an exhaust pump, or its equivalent, to the condenser, at the same time that it does its ordinary work, substantially as described."

43. For an Improvement in Manufacturing Wigs: Chas. Bourgard, City of N. York. Claim. "Having fully described my invention, I do not confine myself to the precise means of giving motion to or adjusting the several parts essential to the operation of the machine; I know that it is possible to move and adjust them in other ways, to produce the same effect; and I do not claim the employment of the hooked or bearded needle, irrespective of the manner of its employment. But I claim (for the purpose of making the partings, or those parts of wigs and all articles of a similar nature where the artificial scalp or skin is visible, and the surrounding parts,) the employment of two or more adjustable slide frames, for carrying the silk or other material into which the hair is to be inserted, and the hair to be inserted therein, in combination, substantially as described, with a reciprocating hooked or barbed needle, either the said frame or needle having such a movement as is necessary to insert the hairs at a proper distance apart."

44. For an Improvement in Tanning Hides and Skins; Henry Bretney, Springfield, O. Claim.-"Having described my improved process of tanning hides, what I claim as new therein is, continuously towing the hides in separated layers through the tanning liquor, in such manner that each hide, made fast only at one edge or end to the towing mechanism, will be greatly stretched and kept spread out by the resistance of the liquor, which is caused freely to circulate in contact with both sides or surfaces of the hides, whereby every hide, of quantity however large, is equally and constantly exposed to the action of the tanning liquor, and the stretching action upon the hides adjusted, substantially as specified."

45. For an Improved Feed Motion in Sewing Machines; Freeman Palmer, Conneaut, O. Claim. "What I claim as my invention is, the arrangement and combination of parts, by which the material to be sewed is carried under the needle in a way to secure any required length of stitch, consisting of the shaft and the screw regulator, together with the lever and clamp upon the feed wheel, substantially as herein described."

46. For an Improvement in the Manufacture of Seamless Felt Wearing Apparel, &c.; Samuel M. Perkins, Springfield, Pennsylvania.

Claim. "Having described my invention, what I claim is, the art or method, as described, of making seamless felt articles of use and wearing apparel, by giving the batting of wool or fur the desired shape, and uniting its edges where required with silk or any other non-shrinking equivalent, or by such shrinking threads or fibre as will resume their original state when dry, substantially as herein before set forth.

I do not claim the mode of carding or preparing the batting, as that is well known long before my invention; nor do I claim the shrinking or felting process, as that has also been well known."

47. For an Improvement in Machines for Paring Apples; William H. Lazell, City of New York, Assignor to Henry F. Willson, City of New York, and S. E. Fenwick, Washington, D. C.

Claim.-"What I claim is, the apple paring machine, constructed with a stationary circular rack or way, in combination with a traversing lever for operating the fork, on