contrasted with the earlier Danish
conquerors, 406; makes England
his centre, 407; sets aside Danes
for Englishmen, 407; employs Eng-
lish soldiers and English priests in
the north, 407; banishes Thurkill
and Eric, 407; sets Hakon as ruler
in Norway, 407; sets Ulf as ruler in
Denmark, 407, 408; elected and
crowned at London, 408; renews
Eadgar's laws, 408; dismisses his
Danish fleet and host, 408; his hus-
carls, 408, 414; visits Denmark,
408; date of his accession to its
throne, 408, note; his laws, 409;
organization of England under him,
409; makes Eadwulf Earl of North-
umbria, 409; makes Wessex an earl-
dom under Godwine, 410; makes
Godwine his vicegerent, 410;
changes the caldormanries into
earldoms, 411; continues Æthel-
red's administrative policy, 411, 412;
his dealings with the Church, 415;
his character in English tradition,
416; in the Sagas, 416; tradition
of his visit to Ely, 417; peace of his
reign, 417; his letter to his English
people, 418; his prohibition of the
slave trade, 427; Norway revolts
against him, 448; leaves Harthacnut
ruler in Denmark, 448; goes to
Rome, 449; secures the safety of
the Alpine passes, 449; his meeting
with the Emperor Conrad, 449; re-
gains the land won from Denmark
by Otto II., 449; betroths his daugh-
ter to Conrad's son, 449; drives
Olaf out of Norway, 450; suppresses
a Welsh rising, 450; Malcolm of
Scotland submits to him, 452; grants
Lothian to Malcolm, 453; his death,
458; break-up of his empire, 458;
extinction of his house, 459; per-
manence and stability of his admin-
istrative system, 475, note; his chap-
lains, 525.

Codes, early English, 20 and note 1.
Coin, its early use in Kent, 218; grow.
ing use of, 218, 219, 316, note 1.
Coinage the test of kingship, 138;
Eadgar's coinage, 335, note 3.
Coins, Anglo-Saxon, found at Delgany
in Wicklow, 62, note 2; of Ælfred,
138, note 1; of Eadgar, struck at
Dublin, 310; of Ethelred II. and
Cnut, struck at Bristol, 426, note 1.
Colchester taken by the English, 196;

Conquest, the Norman, 554-556.
Constable, see Horse-thegn.
Constantine, King of Scots, his strug-
gle with Thorstein and Sigurd, 102;
cedes Caithness to them, 102; joins
the Northern league against Ead-
ward, 207; submits to Eadward,
208 and note 1; to Æthelstan, 211,
242 and note 4; his alliance with
Olaf and the Ostmen, 242, 243; de-
feated at Brunanburh, 244; retires
to a monastery, 262.
Constantinople, English refugees at,
553.

Conrad, Emperor, his meeting with
Cnut at Rome, 449; its results,
449; betroths his son to Cnut's
daughter, 449.

Copsige, Tostig's deputy in Northum-
bria, 542, note; seeks the Bernician
earldom, 542, note; expels Oswulf,
542, note; slain, 542, note.
Corte, Eadward the Martyr slain at,
340.

Cork founded by the Wikings, 71.
Cornhill, soke of the bishops of Lon-
don, 444; church of St. Peter on,
444.

Cornwall, revolt of, against Ecgberht,
64; its final conquest, 211; early
divisions of, 221; harried by Wik-
ings, 366; bishop of, see Leofric.
Coronation, its meaning and impor-
tance, 295.

Cotentin, the, conquered by William

Longsword, 241; Ethelred II. re-
pulsed in a descent on, 368; strong-
hold of heathendom in Normandy,
372; revolts against William the
Conqueror, 487.

Council, royal, first traces of its judi-
cial authority, 133; its origin in the
royal chapel, 413.

Councils, Church, their canons against
"heathendom" and witchcraft, 10,
11; become merged in the Wite-

Crowland sacked by Danes, 91.
Crown, the, earliest known instance of
an attempt to bequeath, 81, note 2;
main basis of its power, 414; sources
of its revenue, 386, 387 and note 3 ;
see King, Monarchy.
Cuckamsly (Cwichelmslowe), Danes
at, 384.

Cuerdale, coins of Alfred found at,
138, note 1.

Cumberland, its origin as a shire, 228,

note I, 266, note 2; Ethelred II.
makes a descent on, 367; danger to
England and Scotland from, 368 and

note 1.

Cumbria ravaged by Halfdene, 102
and note 2; its extent in the time
of Eadmund, 263; its southern
part called Westmoringa-land, 263;
character of country and people,
264; the name replaces that of
Strath-Clyde, 266; harried by Ead-
mund, 266; granted to Malcolm,
King of Scots, 266; results of the
grant, 266, 451; kings of, their op-
position to the West Saxons, 266;
see Oswine, Strath-Clyde.
Cumbrians, their name transferred to
the Britons of Strath-Clyde, 176;
join the Northern league against
Æthelstan, 243.

Cuthbert, St., wanderings of his relics
during the Danish invasions, 89,

102.

Cup-thegn, or butler, his office, 523;

held by Alfred's grandfather, 173.
Cwichelmslowe, see Cuckamsly.
Cyneheard's Song Book, 326.
Cynesige, chaplain to Eadward the
Confessor, 526; Archbishop of
York, 526; consecrates Harold's
church at Waltham, 558.

D

"Dale" in place names, mark of
northern settlement, III.
Dalriada, the Scots of, subject to the
Picts, 177; kings of, see Kenneth.
Danegeld, the king's demesne exempt

from, 387, note 3; the first national
land-tax, 389 and note 1; its nomi-
nal origin, 413; continued as a reg-
ular land-tax, 414; its amount in
Chut's first year, 447; resistance to
it at Worcester under Harthacnut,
467; see Land-tax.
Danelaw, the, 109-119; its relation to
the North, 120; its results on Eng-
lish history, 123; its weakness,
124; rises against Ælfred, 164; con-
quered by Eadward and Æthelflæd,
194-199; effect of its conquest on
the character of the English king-
ship, 202; its bond of allegiance to
Eadward, 203; its alliance with the
Ostmen, 205; its peaceful submis-
sion to Æthelstan, 212; historical
continuity of the districts in, 226;
shires in, 227; emigration from,
into Normandy, 237; rises against
Æthelstan, 243; against Eadmund,
258; reduced to submission, 262;
its struggles with Eadred, 277-281;
its isolation under Eadgar, 311;
fusion of races in, 312, 313 and
notes; absence of religious houses
in, 328; joins Swein, 393.
Danes, their early settlements on the
isles of the Baltic, 51; effect of their
attacks in arresting the consolida-
tion of the English peoples under
Ecgberht, 65; different uses of the
name, 63, note 1, 65, note; their first
appearance in Ireland, 73, note 1,
86; in Britain, 83, 346; their set-
tlements in Sweden, Zeeland, and
northern Jutland, 83 and note 3;
character of their warfare, 84, 85;
earliest authority for their settle-
ments, 83, note 3; their struggle
with the Norwegian settlers in Ire-
land, 73, note 1, 86; winter in East
Anglia, 87; conquer Northumbria,
88; destroy its abbeys, 88; set up
Ecgberht as under-king of Deira, 90
and note I; winter at Nottingham,
90; attacked by Ethelred and
Burhred, 90; winter at York, 91;
at Thetford, 91; conquer East An-
glia, 91; put St. Eadmund to death,
92; Mercia pays tribute to them,
92; causes of their success, 92; at-
tack Wessex, 93, 97; defeated at
Ashdown, 99; march upon Hamp-
shire, 99; their victory at Merton,
99; bought off by Alfred, withdraw
from Wessex, 100 and note 2; win-

E
Eadberht, King of Northumbria, with-
draws to a cloister, 39; extent of
Northumbrian supremacy under,
263.

Eadgar, son of Eadmund, 274; first
king of all England, 46; withdraws
from Eadwig's court, 298 and note 2 ;
chosen king by the Mercians, 299;
joined by the Northumbrians and
East Angles, 300, note; division of
the kingdom, 301; his titles, 300,
note, 301 and note 2; recalls Dun-
stan, 301; succeeds Eadwig as king
in Wessex, 302; his counsellors,
303 and note 1; marries Ælfthryth,
303, note 1, 306, 330; extension of
the system of ealdormanries under
him, 303; his alliance with the pri-
mate and the Church, 304, 305; his
work of Church restoration, 305;
account of his reign in the monastic
writers, 305, note; in the Chronicle,
306; his person and temper, 306,
307; at Chester, 310, note 4, 425;
ballads about him, 284, note 2; mar-
ries Æthelflæd the White, 306;
character of his reign, 307-309;
William of Malmesbury's account
of, 307, note 2, 308, note I; peace of
his reign, 308-310; the Ostmen be-
come his allies, 310; coins minted
at Dublin, 310; his relations with
Wales, 310 and note 3; with the
Scots, 311; with the Danelaw, 311;
cedes Edinburgh to the Scots, 311;
possibly grants Lothian to them,
452; Danes in his service, 314;
love of foreigners, 314; English
society under, 314 et seq.; his alli-
ance with Otto the Great, 314, note
4; his zeal for monasticism, 330;
extent of his direct government,
334; materials and authorities for
his reign, 334, note 2; the "hun-
dred" first appears by name under
him, 335, note 1; his new coinage,
335, note 3; his crowning, 336; his
laws, 314, 334; ravages Thanet,
335; his royal progresses, 336; his
fleet, 335; his death, 336; his chil-
dren, 337; names his successor, 338;
trade of London under him, 445; his
patronage of the Flemings, 449; his
laws renewed by Cnut, 4c8.
Eadgar, son of the ætheling, Eadward,
536; chosen king, 552; submits to

579

William, 552; takes refuge in Scot-
land, 554; joins the Northumbrian
revolt, 554; returns to Scotland,
556.
Eadgifu, third wife of Eadward the
Elder, and mother of Eadmund and
Eadred, 257 and note 2; her alliance
with Dunstan, 274, 293, note 2, 294;
with Ethelstan of East Anglia, 293,
note 2; prevents Ethelwold from
going over sea, 283, note 2; driven
from court, 294 and note 3; returns,
302 and note 2.
Eadgifu, daughter of Eadward the
Elder, married to Charles the Sim-
ple, 239; takes refuge in England,
254; recalled by Lewis, 255.
Eadgyth, daughter of Eadward the
Elder, marries Otto the German,
239.

Eadgyth, daughter of Godwine, mar-
ries Eadward the Confessor, 482;
sent to a monastery, 511; brought
back, 516; surrenders Winchester
to William, 552.

Eadhild, daughter of Eadward the
Elder, marries Hugh the Great,

240.

Eadmund, St., King of East Anglia,
martyred by the Danes, 92; his life
written by Abbo of Fleury, 326; ab-
bey built over his relics, 92; re-
founded by Cnut, 415.

Eadmund, son of Eadward the Elder,
at Brunanburh, 243; marries Æth-
elflæd, 250; succeeds Æthelstan as
king, 257; his policy, 258; his royal
style, 258, note; his struggle with
the Danelaw, 258, 259; drives out
Olaf and Ragnald, 262 and note 1;
harries Cumberland, 266; grants it
to Malcolm, 266; his hunting ad-
venture at Cheddar, 273; receives
ambassadors from Otto, 273 and
note I; his alliance with Lewis,
268; his death, 269; buried at
Glastonbury, 287; his children, 274;
his reform of the law of feud, 26,
267.

Eadmund, son of Ethelred II., called
Ironside, 400; sent to England with
pledges from Ethelred, 396; dis-
sensions with Eadric, 397; his mar-
riage, 397; opposes Cnut, 398; falls
back on Northumbria, 398; joins
Æthelred in London, 398; crowned
king there, 399; raises forces in
Somerset and Devon, 399; meets