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Altho many of the savages have fled and a considerable number of cattle have been driven by them towards Bosjesmans River, still there are many in the wood, for which reason I last night sent 350 more men on foot with similar orders to the division which first went in and from the circumstance of their Chief being dead together with their being continually harassed and now, I should hope, their means of subsistence nearly gone, I have no doubt the remaining Kaffirs will in the course of a few days more totally abandon this, their favorite and hitherto undisturbed retreat.

I have above mentioned that many of the traces of Kaffirs who have fled lead to Bushmans River, and I regret to say that considerable numbers also appear to go to Zuur Berg and Riet Berg, and which it is quite impossible to prevent as, from so large a force being required to scour the woods, the remainder are hardly sufficient to protect the cattle and horses and defend the position in case of an attack from the savages.

I feel it my duty therefore to represent for his Excellency the Governor's information, that I do not consider the present disposable force adequate to the duty for which it is intended, and I therefore beg leave to request that His Excellency will be pleased to send a sufficient reinforcement to enable me to employ the whole of the Cape Regiment in the field. Were 300 of that Corps at present on Zuur Berg and Riet Berg, there seems little doubt that that force would, together with 100 farmers, be sufficient not only effectually to prevent any Kaffirs from retreating there, but to drive away those at present occupying that country, whereas at present we cannot, as I have stated, prevent them retiring thence or, in the event of our pursuing them, returning hither. Being aware of His Excellency's reluctance to detach more Troops from the Garrison of Cape Town, I feel averse to asking for more than 200 men, conceiving that number will be sufficient to occupy that part of the Line of Defence at present guarded by the Cape Regiment.

I beg leave to state that I am the more inclined to urge the expediency of sending a reinforcement here from a conviction that, in the event of the final expulsion of the Kaffirs being accomplished, it will be quite necessary to form a cordon of troops along the exposed parts of the Frontier line, until that people have settled themselves in their own country, and which cannot be expected to take place before next harvest or seed time.

Deeply as I regret the necessity of destroying so many of the savages, it is highly satisfactory to reflect that on every occasion they have listened to the friendly proposals made to them merely with a view to deceive and in every instance committed the first act of hostility.

From vigorous measures only then can success now be looked for, and should the object of the present armament fail on this occasion, there is reason to apprehend that the result may prove fatal to a still greater portion of the Colonial Territory than has hitherto been occupied by the savages. In the event of His Excellency acceding to my request of sending a reinforcement, I trust I need not urge the necessity of no delay taking place.

I have much reason to be satisfied with the conduct of the farmers, they are orderly, obedient, and undertake with cheerfulness and alacrity the fatiguing and arduous duties necessarily allotted to them. I have &c.

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Instructions for the Wine Taster.

1. The Wine Taster is at as early a moment as convenient to take the oaths prescribed for the civil servants of this government, and he is, in addition thereto, to be sworn not to certify any wines fit for exportation that have not age, strength, and goodness, to ensure them a consumption in the market for which they are intended.

2. He is to make known the place where his office is kept, until such time as a room can be allotted to him in the public building appropriated to the civil offices.

3. He is to call upon all exporters of wine to give him early notice of their intentions on that head, in order that he may have the casks in which the wine is to be conveyed from the colony, gauged and examined previous to their being filled.

4. He is to acquaint the exporters that they are not to use brimstone for the purification of the casks, previous to their having been examined as expressed in the foregoing article, and certified to be merchantable good casks.

VIII.

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5. As soon after the casks are filled as may be convenient to the exporter, and the duties of the wine taster's office will permit, he is to proceed to examine the wine and to pass or reject it according to the best of his judgment, observing that no wine is to be passed for exportation that is not 18 months old at least, nor any wines that have had litharge, or other deleterious substances mixed in them, (circumstances easily detected), or that are not in every respect sound wines.

6. Whenever the wine taster finds it necessary to refuse a certificate of exportation for wines, he is forthwith to report the circumstances for His Excellency the Governor's information, stating his reasons for so doing, in order that His Excellency may (if necessary) publish the names of the parties attempting so serious an injury to the interest of the settlement.

7. When the wine taster has approved the wines to be exported, he is to see the casks properly closed, and a tin plate nailed over the bung, which is to be secured by his seal of office, as without this mark unbroken, the searcher and under officers of the customs will be instructed not to permit the casks to leave the wharf, notwithstanding the necessary permit shall have been obtained from the collector of the customs.

8. The wine taster is to give the exporter a certificate to the following effect, which the exporter is to produce at the Custom House, in order to obtain a permit for the shipment of the wines intended for exportation:

I hereby certify that I have carefully tested, (state the quantity. of wine and No. of casks) belonging to about to be exand I further certify.

ported to

on board of

that it is of the age required by law, and of the following qualities, viz.

Cape Madeira,
Steen,

Sweet wine, &c.,

that it is good sound wine, and that the casks are in good order, and in every respect merchantable.

9. In case the wine, so tasted and certified should, from unforeseen circumstances, not be shipped as originally intended, and that the exporter is desirous of filling up the soakage, he is to give notice thereof to the wine taster, who is to taste and approve the wine used for replacing the soakage, and he is then to

reseal the casks with his official seals, as directed by the 7th Article.

10. The wine taster is to call upon the exporter for samples of the wines to be exported, which samples he is to keep sealed in his office, in order that they may be had recourse to, should any complaints be made with regard to the wines, after they have reached their destination.

11. The wine taster is to charge the exporter at the rate of two Rds. per leager, for all wines which he shall be called upon to taste, whether approved or rejected; but he is to make no additional charge for the cases alluded to in the 9th article.

12. The wine taster is not to taste wines (officially) before 8 in the morning, or after 3 in the afternoon.

13. He is immediately to report, for His Excellency the Governor's information, any frauds that may come to his knowledge in the wine trade, in order that measures may be taken to check the same.

14. He is to keep a correct register of all the wines tasted by him, whether rejected or not, and transmit a quarterly report thereof (which shall state the quantity and quality) to the Colonial Secretary's Office, for His Excellency the Governor's information.

15. The wine taster shall receive from the collector of tythes, (who will be instructed to call upon the farmers or bringers up of wine for the information when wine passes the barrier), a weekly list of the wine so passed, in which shall be stated the quantity. quality, and age of the wine, where made, and to whom consigned in this town. He is to keep a correct book thereof in his office, not only as a matter of record, but that it may thereby be ascer tained what vineyards produce the best wines.

16. The wine taster is, neither directly nor indirectly, to trade in wine, either for exportation, or the consumption of this place. Castle of Good Hope, 10th January, 1812.

By command of His Excellency the Governor.

(Signed) HENRY ALEXANDER, Secretary.

[Copy.]

Letter from HENRY ALEXANDER, ESQRE., to SIR JOHN CRADOCK.

CASTLE, CAPE TOWN, January 13th 1812.

MY DEAR SIR,-I have given your Excellency's letter of the 6th of December every consideration in my power, and when you propose to me to suggest the detail of what may be necessary to give effect to your Excellency's liberal and wise determinations, I have felt in some degree I share the responsibility attached to your Excellency's decision. The investigation instituted by Mr. Bird and information growing thereout, and your Excellency's other researches, have put you in full possession of the nature of the present tenures and the evils and uncertainties incident to them. Evils forcibly striking the Lords of Trade, the late Lord Caledon, and your Excellency. His motives for continuing these tenures are correctly I believe stated by Mr. Bird, in confidence the British Government would put the most liberal construction on the acts of their Governor; and if this Colony forms at a peace part of the necessary concession, he left the inhabitants their accustomed tenures, and his maxim in most things was haud quieta movere" in the absence of positive instruction.

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Your Excellency's division of the subject simplifies the consideration, but as I differ from your Excellency, from Mr. Bird, and also from Lord Caledon, I have hesitated much to state my opinion, but encouraged by your Excellency's assurance of its being sincerely wished for, I must repeat what I have often stated, that from a full consideration of the Opgaaf I conceive there is not a population in this Colony adequate to the cultivation of what is already granted.

I conceive if individuals have money, slaves, or the means of cultivation, opportunities of purchase perpetually occur, and that the Revenues receive more from the transfer duty than they would from such new grants.

I think Smith in his Wealth of Nations observes the clearance and cultivation of land is the purchase money paid to the public in new countries.

This principle would regulate my conduct in all future grants. If there was ostensible and ascertained capital, if land lay near and contiguous to what is already reclaimed, I might then upon

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