this Colony and ability, which gives every promise that the important object in view will be accomplished equally with Resolution, Temper, and Humanity.

From these reflections my Instructions to you will be but very few, and in fact they will only be the declaration of my general sentiments, upon which your conduct will take its course, and which are to prove the foundation of your proceedings, as they would of mine were I in your place.

The basis upon which the whole subject rests, is the undisturbed establishment of that Territory which was surrendered by the Dutch, and is now the undoubted Possession of the British Government. That this fundamental point should remain without dispute, I annex a Paper of the most Authentic Information that is to be found in the Colonial Office. This foundation being admitted, it cannot be denied that security and good order cannot prevail if any description of persons are suffered to remain within that Territory who are not subject to the Regulations of the State, or who live either uncontrolled or obey the mandates of any other authority. It is unnecessary to expatiate upon a subject of so plain a nature, and where the arguments are so fully proved by the repeated aggressions of the Caffre Nation, who have made such continued Inroads into our Territories and have to a great extent after outrages of the most atrocious kind banished the peaceable Inhabitants from their Dwellings and Property.

As the measures of passive conciliation and forbearance have proved ineffectual, it is necessary to adopt another mode of proceeding, and their complete expulsion from our Territory must be accomplished. I experience much satisfaction, while entering upon a measure of this description, from the general information that His Majesty's subjects have not in any of the late proceedings been the aggressors, but that the Caffre Nation have been constantly the depredators and offenders.

After this general view, it will be my desire that you take the most effectual measures to clear His Majesty's Territories from the Caffre Nation, or Marauders of any description, and that they be repelled permanently within their own Boundaries. In effecting this, I am to enjoin in the first operations the greatest Mildness and Temper from every person under your command, that the nature of such a proceeding will bear; that as far as it is practicable Explanation and Persuasion to the utmost extent are to be the

means employed, and that it is not till such a course be found hopeless after successive trials that measures of severity be resorted to.

It is by the effect of due explanation, if it be practicable, I wish to succeed, as the one also most likely to have a permanent result; and I am anxious that they be made fully to comprehend that the demarcation now acted upon is to have mutual force. That the Inhabitants of either Territory are not to pass the Boundaries prescribed without due authority, and what this authority may be your experience gained upon the spot will best decide. If the Caffre Nation after the methods of explanation and persuasion already stated be so infatuated and hostile as to persevere in their present course of Irruption and Depredation, and that no hope can be entertained of their reform, and that they persist in their molestation of His Majesty's Territory, so convinced must every person be that under such circumstances it is impossible the Colony should prosper, and that it would be an unjustifiable weakness to suffer any longer such unprovoked aggressions.

In this case I empower you to proceed to those measures of example and effect as will produce the object of your mission, that His Majesty's Territory should be freed from every Invader, and that this indispensable point should be established both now and hereafter upon a lasting foundation. In the course of your

operations it may happen that persons of the Caffre Nation may become your prisoners, upon whose fate circumstances at the moment may render it difficult to decide. In this point of view it is within your discretion to retain them in custody till you can receive further instructions, but if all the intermediate steps are taken that have already been inculcated, I am free to declare I do not foresee the grounds upon which a distinction can be formed, and that the last extremity is justified by self preservation and the simple policy of every State to repel Invasion by every means within their power.

Though I have augmented the Force under your orders as far as is consistent with the defence of this essential position of the Colony, and I trust it may prove entirely adequate to the service to be performed under any contingency, yet I do not recommend its employment in active operations beyond which you may find the real necessity, for there is every argument in having the first application of the civil means that have already been placed in a

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state of preparation, and it appears indispensable that the Country Force or Commando should be employed as far as their powers or sphere of action can prevail, and as the future tranquillity of the Country must be left to their exertions, it would be unwise to teach them to think that they were not equal to the defence.

The force under your orders you are certainly at liberty to employ as you shall think most conducive to the purpose of your Mission, but I wish to consider it more in the light of a guard against mischance than as the direct means of its execution. It would certainly be desirable if any precise Instruction could be given upon the intercourse it may be necessary to establish with Gyka, the reputed Chief of the Caffre Nation, or with any subordinate or rival leader. But I really feel that any orders from hence to this effect under the different impressions that prevail would only embarrass rather than assist your proceedings.

It therefore only remains for me to say on this head, that it is my wish that as little connection as possible with these people should be observed, and that much less should we ever interfere in their differences or espouse the one side against the other, in whatever their quarrels may be. It should be our invariable object to establish the separation from them, as intercourse can never subsist to the advantage of one party or the other. Whenever unforseen circumstances render a communication necessary, it should be carried on under authority from the one side or the other, and it may be hoped, as no cause of contention ought in future to exist, that it may be effected without animosity, and the subjects of His Majesty will best evince their superior civilisation by every advance towards amity and good will.

I entertain but little doubt of the accomplishment of your undertaking in the first instance, but the prosperity of the Colony so much demands that this subject should be placed upon a permanent foundation, that I especially call your attention to this part of the view, and shall be much obliged that as soon as you have maturely considered it you will communicate to me all the observations that you may think necessary to give a security against the recurrence of the present evil.

I trust that the arrangements which have already been made, both in the Civil and Military Departments, will meet all the objects proposed, but should this prove defective, I empower you,

till you can receive further intructions, to adopt such measures as will best promote His Majesty's service.

On all civil concerns you will be so good as to immediately communicate with the Colonial Secretary, H. Alexander, Esqre., and upon all Military proceedings with my Military Secretary, Lieut. Col. Reynell.

To ensure the earliest Information, I have established a Line of Expresses from Cape Town to your Head Quarters, as will be detailed to you by the Deputy Quarter Master General.

With every confidence in your discretion, experience, activity, and ability in the course of this remote command, I am &c.

Proclamation by SIR JOHN CRADOCK.

Whereas it has been represented to me by the Landdrosts of Graaff-Reinet and Uitenhage, that notwithstanding the repeated promises of several of the petty Caffre Chiefs wandering in the Zuureveld to return to their own Country over the Great Fish River, they still continue to annoy the Inhabitants of those remote Districts, and to plunder the Farmers to a very great extent; and that they have in several recent instances atrociously murdered His Majesty's subjects whom they fell in with.

Now, in order to put a stop to these calamities, I have authorized the Landdrosts of Graaff-Reinet and Uitenhage to assemble a Commando for the purpose of driving these Marauders out of their Districts over the Great Fish River, the acknowledged boundary of this His Majesty's Settlement. And I have thought proper to send a Military force under Lt. Col. J. Graham of the Cape Regiment to support the same, having appointed that Officer Commissioner for all Civil and Military affairs within the Drostdies of Graaff-Reinet, Uitenhage, and George.

These are therefore to give notice that from and after the promulgation of these presents, which shall take place as soon as the aforesaid Commissioner Lt. Col. Graham shall arrive at the Drostdy of Uitenhage, Martial Law shall be in force within

the Drostdies of Graaff-Reinet, Uitenhage, and George, for all such cases as shall be connected with the assembling and conducting the Commando aforesaid, and shall continue till the object thereof be accomplished, of which the aforesaid Commissioner duly authorized by me shall give public notice, but without prejudice to the usual course of Law in all other matters whatsoever, as if this Proclamation had not been issued.

And that no person may plead ignorance hereof, I have thought proper to direct, as I do by these presents, that besides the usual mode of making known the same, each Field Commandant and Field Cornet shall be furnished with a Copy hereof.

This done at the Castle of Good Hope, this 8th day of October, 1811.

(Signed) J. F. CRADOCK.

[Copy.]

Proclamation by SIR JOHN CRADOCK.

Whereas by a Proclamation bearing date the 29th September 1809, it was made known that His Majesty, being duly authorized thereto by Act of Parliament, had been graciously pleased to take into consideration the state of the Trade of this Settlement, and to pass an order in Council for the better regulation thereof, and for imposing certain duties upon all Goods, Wares, and Merchandize, not of the growth, produce, and manufacture of the United Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, which duties are, by the Proclamation aforesaid, directed to be rated and levied on the value of such Goods, Wares, and Merchandize, and whereas it appears to have been the intention of His Majesty in Council, that the duties so payable to His Majesty should be rated and collected in a manner different from that which had been heretofore established in this Settlement.

Be it therefore ordered and made known, that from and after the date of these presents all duties to be levied upon the importation of Goods, Wares, and Merchandize, into the Ports of this Government, not of the growth, produce, and manufacture of the United Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, shall be taken and considered at the value of the same at this Place, without any