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castle, though much of the bailey wall remains; a late martello tower on top of motte. [B. T. S.] Fig. 45.

DULEEK, Meath (the castrum Duvelescense of Giraldus, v., 313). - Probably first built by Hugh de Lacy; restored by Raymond le Gros in 1173. The motte is destroyed, but an old weaver living in the village in 1906 says that it existed in the time of his father, who used to roll stones down it in his youth. It was in the angle between two streams, and there is still a slight trace of it. No stone castle. [B. T. S.]

DUNAMASE, Queen's Co. (Dumath, Cal., i., 100). First mentioned in 1215 as a castle of William Marshall's, which makes it not unlikely that it was originally built by Strongbow. The plan of this castle is the motte-and-bailey plan, but the place of the motte is taken by a natural rock, isolated by a ditch. There are three baileys, descending the hill. The stone keep on the summit is of the 15th or 16th century. [B. T. S.]

DUNGARVAN, Waterford (Cal., i., 89).-Granted to Thomas Fitz Antony in 1215. To the west of the town is a motte called Gallowshill; it has no bailey, but some trace of a circumvallation. The castle east of the river is not earlier than the 14th or 15th century. [B. T. S.]

*DURROW, King's Co. (Gir., v., 387).-A castle of Hugh de Lacy's; he was murdered while he was building it, because he had chosen the enclosure of the church for his bailey. A plan in Journ. R. S. A. I., xxix., 227, shows clearly the motte and bailey, though the writer mistakes for separate mounds what are clearly broken portions of the vallum. It is possible that the bailey may have followed the line of the ancient rath of the church, but it would almost certainly be a much stronger affair.

Annals of Ulster, 1186,

Y

*FAVORIE = FORE, Westmeath.-I owe this identification to Mr Orpen. As Hugh de Lacy founded or endowed the monastery at Fore, this was probably one of his castles, but the first mention is in 1215 (Cal., i., 95). Mr Westropp mentions the oval motte of Fore with its bailey in his list of "complex motes." 2

FERNS, Wexford (Gir., v., 326). -A castle was built by Walter the German near Ferns. Ferns is spoken of as a city in the time of King Dermot. There is no motte at Ferns; the stone castle has a keep, which is certainly not earlier than the time of Henry III. [B. T. S.]

*FOTHERET ONOLAN, castle of Raymond le Gros (Gir., v., 355). - Mr Orpen identifies this with Castlemore, near Tullow, Co. Carlow. There is an oval motte, and a rectangular bailey with indications of masonry.

3

GALTRIM, Meath. Identified by Mr Orpen with the castle of Hugh de Hose, or Hussey, mentioned in the "Song of Dermot." Destroyed in 1176; no stone castle. An oval motte; bailey indistinctly traceable. [B. T. S.]

GEASHILL, King's Co. (Cal., i., 30). - Mentioned in 1203 as a castle of William, Earl Marshall. There are remains of a motte, on which stands a 14th-century keep; but the whole site has been so pulled about in making a modern house, drive, and gardens, that nothing more can be made of the plan. The motte, however, is plain, though mutilated. [E. S. A.]

GRANARD, Longford (Cal., i., 95). - Built by Richard Tuit in 1199.4 A magnificent motte, with a very wide

GRANARD-KILBIXIE

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ditch, and a small fan-shaped bailey. Foundations of a shell wall round the top of the motte, and of a small round tower in the centre. (B. T. S.]

*HINCHELEDER, or INCHELEFYRE (Cal., i., 95).-Said by Butler (Notices of Trim Castle, 12) to be Inchleffer, Meath, a castle of Hugh de Lacy. No further information.

JOHN DE CLAHull's Castle. - Mr Orpen believes this to be Killeshin, Queen's Co., as it corresponds to the description in the Song, "entre Eboy et Lethelyn." There is a motte there, and traditions of a town.

*KARAKITEL, or CarrickITTLE, Limerick (Cal., i., 14). -Castle of William de Naas in 1199. There was a remarkable natural motte of rock here, with the foundations of a castle upon it, now destroyed.1

*KILLAMLUN (Cal., i., 53). -Identified by Mr Orpen with Killallon, Meath, where there is a large motte. There is a stone passage into this motte, but no evidence has been brought forward to prove that it is of the same nature as the prehistoric souterrains so common in Ireland. In England there is a remarkable instance at Oxford of a well-chamber built inside a motte.

2

KILLARE, Westmeath (Gir., v., 356). -A castle of Hugh de Lacy, built in 1184; burnt in 1187. A good motte, with ditch and well-preserved bank on counterscarp; no bailey. No stone castle. [B. T. S.]

1

KILBIXIE, Westmeath. Identified by Mr Orpen

Orpen, Eng. Hist. Rev., xxii., 449.