cumference, comprehending about 4000 acres, and including, among others, the manors and hamlets of Vauxhall, Kennington, Stockwell, and South Lambeth.

The first mention made of this place in history is on occasion of the death of Hardicanute, which happened here in 1041. He expired suddenly during an entertainment given by a noble Dane on his marriage, as some relate, of poison, but others, of intemperance. Harold, who usurped the crown at the decease of Edward the Confessor, is said to have put it on his head with his own hands at Lambeth. In 1231 Henry III. held a solemn Christmas here; and in the following year, as we are informed by Matthew Paris, the Parliament assembled at this place. Lysons thinks it probable that both these events may be appropriated to the palace of Kennington. Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, obtained from King John a grant for a weekly market at Lambeth, and a fair for fifteen days, on condition that it should not be detrimental to the interests of the city of London; but both have been long discontinued.

At the time of the Conqueror's survey, Lambeth appears to have had two distinct manors: one of these, conjectured to be the same estate, afterwards called the manor of South Lambeth and Stockwell, was then the property of Earl Morton. The other, or North Lambeth, had belonged to the Countess Goda, the Conqueror's sister, by whom it was given to the see of Rochester. In 1197 it was exchanged by the latter for the manor of Darwent with Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, and to that see it has ever since remained annexed.

Lambeth Palace, the residence of the archbishop, situated near the Thames, is an extensive pile of irregular buildings, exhibiting the architecture of various ages. This palace was, in a great measure, if not wholly, rebuilt by Archbishop Boniface about 1262; but, as Lysons observes, the architecture of the chapel seems to belong to a still more early period, the windows resembling those of the Temple church, which was built in the twelfth

twelfth century. They were formerly of painted glass, put up by Cardinal Morton, and represented the scriptural history of the Old and New Testament. The repairing of this glass constituted one of the charges preferred against Archbishop Laud; and the windows were destroyed by the Puritans. Underneath is a crypt, the arches of which, like those of the chapel, are built with stone. In the chapel the remains of Archbishop Parker were deposited, agreeably to his own request, under an altar-tomb which he had erected for himself near the communion-table. When the palace was sold in 1648 by direc tion of the Parliament, this chapel was converted into a dancingroom; the monument was removed, the leaden coffin sold to a plumber, and the corpse of the venerable prelate thrown into a hole in one of the out-houses. After the Restoration it was removed by order of the House of Lords, and again interred in its former situation. The spot is marked by a marble slab, with this inscription: Corpus Matthæi Archiepiscopi tandem hic quiescit. The old monument was placed in the vestibule of the chapel by Archbishop Sancroft, who caused a Latin inscription, ascribed to his own pen, to be placed upon it. In the vestry are some portraits, among which are those of Cardinal Pole; Dr. Williams, Bishop of Chichester, 1696; Dr. Evans, Bishop of Bangor, 1707; Dr. Gardiner, Bishop of Lincoln, 1694; Dr. Whichcote, Provost of King's College; and Dupin, the writer on ecclesiastical history.

The great hall, which measures ninety-three feet by thirtyeight, and has a Gothic roof of wood, was rebuilt by Archbishop Juxon, after the old model, at the expense of 11,500l. The guard-room, fifty-six feet long, and twenty-seven and a half wide, appears to have been built before the year 1424; it is roofed like the hall, and contains a whole length picture of Henry Prince of Wales. The great dining-room is about thirty-nine feet long, and half as wide; and a handsome drawing-room and dressing-room were added in 1769 by Archbishop Cornwallis. The long gallery, generally supposed to have been built by Cardinal Pole, is ninety feet in length, and sixteen in breadth; the wainscot is entirely of mantled carving. Over the chimney-piece is a portrait of Luther, a fine picture of Archbishop Warham, by Holbein, and a portrait, said to be that of Catharine Parr. Here are also pictures of Archbishop Parker, an original by Lyne; Cardinal Pole, copied from a painting in the Barberini palace at Rome: and the following among other portraits: the Archbishops Arundell, Chichele, Cranmer, Grindall, Whitgift, Abbot, and all the succeeding prelates from Laud to Archbishop Moore inclusive; Pearce, Bishop of Bangor; Mawson, Fletcher, Moor, Patrick and Gooch, Bishops of Ely; Lloyd and Hough, of Worcester; Burnet, of Salisbury; Thomas, of Winchester; Hoadley, painted by his second lady; Berkeley, of Cloyne; and Rundle, of Derry. In the windows are the coats of several archbishops painted on glass; but some of a more ancient date were removed when the fine bay-window was made by the late archbishop. The view from this window is remarkably beautiful. St. Paul's, Westminster-Abbey, and the bridge, are seen to great advantage through openings formed among the trees in the pleasure-grounds, which exclude the rest of the city.

The library occupies the four galleries over the cloisters, which form a small quadrangle. The erection of this building is ascribed by Aubrey to Archbishop Sheldon; but it appears to be older than the foundation of the library itself, for which the see is indebted to Archbishop Bancroft, who bequeathed all his books to his successors. His example was followed by Archbishop Abbot. During the civil war this collection was seized by the Parliament; many of the books found their way into private hands, and the rest were given to Sion College; but, through the influence of the learned Selden, they were at length removed to Cambridge, which university, he contended, had a reversionary right to them, agreeably to the will of Archbishop Bancroft. After the Restoration they were claimed by Archbishop Juxon, and recovered by his successor. With the additions since made to this collection, particularly by Archbishops Sheldon, Tenison, and Secker, it now amounts to about 25,000 volumes. The library contains a few portraits, among which is an original of Archbishop Bancroft; and a set of prints of all the archbishops since 1504, collected by Archbishop Cornwallis. The windows are adorned with some painted glass. The great tower at the west end of the chapel, usually called the Lollard's Tower, was built of stone by Archbishop Chichele, in the years 1434 and 1435. At the top of it is a small room wainscotted with oak, on which are several names and broken sentences in old characters cut with a knife. In the walls are fixed large iron rings, intended, as it is generally believed, to confine the Lollards, and other unfortunate persons accused of heretical opinions. So much is certain, that before the Reformation the archbishops had a prison here for the punishment of ecclesiastical offenders; and at a later period, not only the popish bishops Tunstall and Thirlby, but many other persons of rank were confined at this place.

The gateway and the adjoining tower, which are of brick, were built by Archbishop Morton about 1490.

The gardens and grounds, containing about thirteen acres, are laid out with great taste. They were much improved by the late archbishop, who made a convenient access to the house for carriages through the grounds. In the garden, against the wall of the palace, are two fig-trees of the white sort, and of extraordinary size. They are described by Ducarel* as covering a surface fifty feet in height, and forty in breadth. Since this time, however, they have been twice destroyed down to the trunks by severe frosts; but the branches have shot out again with such luxuriance, that they have attained the same height, and are at least sixty feet in width. Tradition relates, that these trees were planted by Cardinal Pole.

The following archbishops have died at this place: Wittlesey, in 1375; Kemp, 1453; Dean, 1504; all buried in Canterbury Cathedral,

• History of Lambeth Palace, p. 77, 78.

Cathedral; Cardinal Pole, 1558; after lying in state here forty days was buried at Canterbury: Parker, 1575, buried in Lambeth chapel; Whitgift, 1604, buried at Croydon; Bancroft, 1610, buried at Lambeth; Juxon, 1663, buried in the chapel of St. John's college, Oxford; Sheldon, 1667, buried at Croydon; Tillotson, 1694, buried in the church of St. Laurence Jewry, London; Tenison, 1715, buried at Lambeth; Wake, 1737; and; Potter, 1747, both buried at Croydon; Secker, 1768; Cornwal-* lis, 1783; and Moore, 1805; all buried at Lambeth.

*

Lambeth palace felt the effects of popular fury in 1381, when the archbishop, Simon of Sudbury, fell a victim to the resentment of Wat Tyler and his followers. Here Catharine of Arragon lodged for some days with her ladies on her first arrival in England; and here her daughter, Queen Mary, who furnished. this palace at her own expense for Cardinal Pole, occasionally honoured him with her company. At this place also, Queen Elizabeth paid frequent visits to archbishops Parker and Whitgift,: with whom she sometimes staid two or three days. In 1643, the Parliament took possession of this edifice, sold the furniture, and converted the palace into a prison. At length, in 1648, it was put up to sale, and purchased with the manor for 70731. by Thomas Scott and Matthew Hardy; the former of whom was secretary of state to the Protector, and was executed in 1660, as one of those who had sat on the trial of Charles 1.: but after the Restoration this palace reverted to the see of Canterbury. In VOL. XIV. the

G

• In one of these visits to Archbishop Parker, the haughty Elizabeth was guilty of a rudeness that would be deemed unpardonable in a private individual. The archbishop, who wrote a treatise on the lawfulness of priests marrying, had himself entered into that state before the statute which enjoined celibacy to the clergy was repealed. The queen, who never could be reconciled to this innovation, is said to have expressed her dislike of it on taking leave of Mrs. Parker, after having been sumptuously entertained at Lambeth, in this coarse manner: "Madam I may not call you; mistress I am ashamed to call you; yet as I know not what to call you, yet I thank you." Harrington's View of the State of the Church, p. 4.