bishoprick, which was about the year 787, and was present at the synods of Beaconfield in 798; of Clovesho in 803; and of Celicuth in 813.*

Weremundus, or Wermund, was the next bishop: He died in 870, about the same time with Humbert, bishop of North Elmham, whose successor, Wybred, again united that see with Dunwich, and fixed the episcopal seat at the former place.

ECCLESIASTICAL AND CIVIL GOVERNMENT.---The ecclesiastical government of this county is vested in the bishop of Norwich, assisted by two archdeacons, those of Sudbury and Suffolk. A few parishes, however, are not subject to his jurisdiction. These are, Hadleigh, Monks Illeigh and Moulton, which are peculiars to the archbishop of Canterbury; and Freckenham, with Isleham, in Cambridgeshire, is a peculiar to the bishop of Rochester. The diocesan had but one archdeacon till 1126, when Richard, archdeacon of the whole county, being elevated to an episcopal see in France, Eborard, or Everard, then bishop of Norwich, divided Suffolk into two archdeaconries; making the western part of it, together with such parishes in Cambridgeshire as belonged to his diocese, subject to the archdeacon of Sudbury, and the eastern portion to the archdeacon of Suffolk. The former is subdivided into eight deaneries: Sudbury, Stow, Thingo, Clare, Fordham, in Cambridgeshire; Hartesmere, Blackbourn, and Thedwestry; and the latter into fourteen, which are, Ipswich, Bosmere, Claydon, Hoxne, Southelmham, Wangford, Lothingland, Dunwich, Orford, Loes, Wilford, Carlford, Colneis, and Samford.

The high-sheriff for the time being is at the head of the civil government of the county, which, in this respect, is divided into the Geldable and Franchises. In the former, the issues and forfeitures are paid to the king: in the latter to the lords of the liberties. The geldable hundreds are, Samford, Bosmere and Claydon, Stow, Hartesmere, Hoxne, Blything, Wangford, and the two half hundreds of Mutford and Lothingland. For these the sessions

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• Spelm. Concil. Angl. p. 318, 325, 328.

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sessions are held at Beccles and Ipswich; that is, at Beccles, for Wangford, Blything, Mutford, and Lothingland; and at Ipswich, for the remainder. The franchises are three in number.

1. The Franchise or Liberty of St. Ethelred, formerly belonged to the prior and convent, and now to the dean and chapter of Ely, contains the hundreds of Carlford, Colneis, Wilford, Plomesgate, Loes, and Thredling, for which the sessions are held at Woodbridge. The prior and convent possessed this liberty in the time of Edward the Confessor; and when they were changed in 1541, into a dean and chapter, it was reputed to be of the yearly value of 201.

2. The Franchise, or Liberty of St. Edmund, given to the abbey of Bury by king Edward the Confessor, comprehends the hundreds of Cosford, Baberg, Risbridge, Lackford, Blackbourn, Thedwestry, Thingo, and the half hundred of Ixning; for which the sessions are held at Bury.

3. The duke of Norfolk's liberty, granted by letters-patent of king Edward IV. dated 7th December, 1468, of returning writs, having a coroner, and receiving all fines and amercements within his manors of Bungay, Kelsale, Carlton, Peasenhall, the three Stonhams, Dennington, Brundish, the four Ilketsals, and Cratfield.

There is but one assize for the whole county; but at every assize two grand juries are appointed, one for the geldable, and the other for the liberty of Bury St. Edmund's. Suffolk and Norfolk had formerly but one high-sheriff; but since 1576, a distinct officer has been nominated for each of these counties.

Suffolk pays twenty parts of the land-tax, and furnishes 960 men for the national militia. It returns sixteen members to the imperial parliament: two for the county, and two for each of the towns of Aldborough, Dunwich, Eye, Ipswich, Orford, Sudbury, and St. Edmund's Bury.

HUNDRED HUNDRED OF LACKFORD.

The hundred of Lackford is divided by the Ouse from the county of Cambridge on the west; by the Little Ouse from Norfolk on the north; and is bounded on the east and south by the hundreds of Blackbourn, Thingo, and Risbridge. The western half of this district consists almost entirely of marsh and moor land, and the western of sand. The surface of the fens from one foot to six, is the common peat of bogs, with an under-stratum of white clay or marl. It is partly under water, though subject to a tax for the drainage, which has failed; but in Burnt Fen, the westernmost extremity of the county bordering on the Ouse, fourteen thousand acres have been completely drained, and brought into cultivation. Mr. Young observes, that there are few instances of such sudden improvement as have been made in this tract. Forty years ago five hundred acres were here let for one guinea a year; but in 1772, an act was obtained for a separate drainage, and one shilling and six-pence an acre levied for the expense of embankments, mills, and other requisites. In 1777, the bank broke, and most of the proprietors were ruined. In 1782, owing to the success of the machine denominated the bear, in cleansing the bottoms of rivers, and other circumstances, various persons began to purchase in this neglected district. The banks were better made, mills were erected, and the success was very great. Lots and estates were at this time sold for sums searcely exceeding their present annual rent, To these improvements paring and burning have very much contributed.

MILDENHALL, is the principal town in this hundred. It is a large pleasant, well-built place, constitutes a half hundred of itself, and has a weekly market on Fridays, well supplied with fish, wild fowl, and all other provisions. Towards the fens, which extend eastward to Cambridgeshire, are several large streets, called by the inhabitants rows, as West-row, Beck-row, Holywell-row. which of themselves are as large as ordinary villages. The situation of Mildenhall upon the river Larke, which is navigable for barges, has considerably added to the trade and enlargement of the town. According to the enumeration of 1801, it contains 355 houses, and 2283 inhabitants.

The church is a large handsome structure, with a rich roof of carved wood work. It consists of a spacious nave, two side ailes, a proportionate chancel, a neat gothic porch, and a tower 120 feet high. It contains many monuments for the family of the Norths. To the north of it stands the noble mansion of Sir Thomas Charles Bunbury, Bart. one of the representatives in this county in parliament. It was formerly the residence of his great uncle, Sir Thomas Hanmer, who was speaker of the house of commons in Queen Anne's reign, and died in 1746. Contiguous to his house he had a very fine bowling-green; and was one of the last gentlemen of any fashion in this county who amused themselves with that diversion. To the proprietor of this mansion belongs also one manor of this town, which was given by Edward the Confessor to the abbey of Bury, that the religious might eat wheaten instead of barley bread. After the dissolution, it was granted in the fourth and fifth of Philip and Mary, to Thomas Reeve and Christopher Ballet. The ancient mansion of the Norths is of the time of Elizabeth, or early in the reign of James I. It contains many numerous apartments, and a gallery the whole length of the front; but the rooms in general are of small dimensions.

We are informed by Holinshed, that on the 17th of May, 1507, this town suffered severely from fire, which, in two hours, destroyed thirty-seven dwelling houses, besides barns, stables, and other appurtenances.

Mildenhall has furnished London with two lord-mayors; Henry Barton, who held that honorable office in 1428; and William Gregory in 1451. It has a considerable yearly fair, which begins on the 29th of September, and lasts four days.

BBANDON,

BRANDON, a town which formerly had a weekly market, now discontinued, is agreeably situated on the Little Ouse, and contains 201 houses, and 1148 inhabitants. The river, which is navigable from Lynn to Thetford, has a bridge over it at this place; and a mile lower down a ferry for conveying goods to and from the isle of Ely. The town is well built; and its church is a good structure. In the neighbourhood are some extensive rabbitwarrens, which largely contribute to the supply of the London markets. One of these warrens alone is said to furnish forty thousand rabbits in a year.

At this place is a manufactory of gun-flints, the refuse of which, thrown together at the end of the town, forms heaps of such dimensions, that a stranger cannot forbear wondering whence they could have been collected.

This town gave name to the illustrious family of the Brandons, dukes of Suffolk, and afterwards conferred the title of baron on Charles Gerard, who, for his zeal in the service of Charles I. was created by that monarch lord Gerard of Brandon; and advanced by his son Charles to the dignity of earl of Macclesfield. On the extinction of his family, Queen Anne, in 1711, created the duke of Hamilton a peer of England, by the title of baron Dutton, and duke of Brandon, which is still enjoyed by his descendants.

Simon Eyre, who was lord-mayor of London in 1445, was a native of Brandon. At his own expense he erected Leadenhall for a granary for the metropolis, with a handsome chapel on the east side of the square, over the porch of which he placed this inscription: Dextra Domini exaltavit me---" The right hand of the Lord hath exalted me." He left moreover 5000 marks, a very large sum in those days, for charitable purposes; and dying in 1459, was interred in the church of St. Mary Woolnoth, Lombard-street.

Brandon has three annual fairs, on 14th of February, 11th of June, and 11th of November.

DOWNHAM, also called Sandy Downham, a village seated on

the