Commons, which sat in 1827 to consider the laws respecting Benefit Societies, it would seem that Carlisle is a remarkably healthy place.

This city is the centre of the English and Scottish railway system, railways radiating from it, east, west, north, and south. The Newcastle and Carlisle Railway was opened June 18, 1838. It is sixtythree miles in length from the Forth in Newcastle-upon-Tyne to the Carlisle Canal. The level at the Carlisle terminus is forty-five feet above that at Newcastle. It runs by Haltwhistle and Hexham. In 1837 an act was passed for making a railway from the town and port of Maryport to the City of Carlisle; and since that period the Lancaster and Carlisle, and the Caledonian lines, have each assumed Carlisle as one of their principal termini. This is one of the best managed stations in the kingdom.

This is a most commodious station, with an extensive range of offices and workshops, erected in the centre of the town, and easily accessible from all points. Itis elegantly designed in the old English style of architecture, and was intended to have afforded accommodation to the four companies we have mentioned, but only the two last have availed themselves of it.

A bill for a line of railway, called the Carlisle, Langholm, and Hawick line, was brought before Parliament for three successive sessions, which after a severe struggle was thrown out in the Commons, and the North British scheme carried.

Last year, the editor of a Carlisle newspaper was called to the bar of the House, for impeaching the Committee (Mr. Clive, chairman) of prejudice on the railway question, but was forced to retract his assertions, after being in the custody of the Sergeant-at-Arms.

The newspaper press of Carlisle is represented by three journals: the Patriot (Conservative); the Examiner (Liberal); the Journal (Liberal). The latter newspaper, which was established in 1798, circulates through every town and village in the county of Cumberland; and also largely in Westmoreland, Northumberland, and the south of Scotland. The late proprietor, Mr. Steel, contributed by his talents and sterling integrity to extend the character and importance of this admirably conducted exponent of liberal opinions. Messrs. Robert and James Steel are the present proprietors of this journal.

Carlisle has a grammar school, founded by Henry VIII., an academy

for the encouragement of arts, literary and philosophical, and mechanics' institutions, a theatre, assembly-rooms, several public libraries, banks, and extensive manufactories of cotton goods, chiefly destined for the West Indies, print and dye-works, iron foundries, breweries, and tanneries. There are races in September, on the banks of the Eden. The cemetery is about one mile and a half south-west from the centre of the city. Connected with it are two chapels, one for the Church of England, and the other for the use of Nonconformists. Both chapels are built with pressed bricks, with white stone facings, and have each a bell turret.

No visitor will resist the temptation of taking up his quarters, whether temporarily or for a prolonged stay, at the best of hostelries in Carlisle "The County." For comfort and space, this fine building is not eclipsed by any provincial hotel-having 120 rooms, and a retinue of forty servants, besides offices of every description, bath-rooms, bakery, wine-cellars, store-rooms, and ale of first-rate character. The cellars enshrining the generous grape are of the most substantial kind,

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and contain a stock of wine which, for quality and variety, would satisfy the most critical taste. The writer saw here one hundred dozen of richly-flavoured port, of the '34 vintage. The china and glass

stores in this hotel would more than fill a metropolitan bazaar; a tolerable proof, in addition, with the wherewithal to fill the myriad cups and glasses here, of the cheerful habits of the good people of Carlisle and their guests. Mr. Breach, the landlord of this extensive establishment, worthily sustains his responsible and highly respectable position.

The stranger who visits Carlisle, should not forget that the manufac ture of fancy biscuits BY MACHINERY has long been successfully carried on in the Establishment of CARR AND Co., of this city.

In 1841, such was the celebrity their biscuits had then obtained, that the Royal Appointment of "Manufacturers of Biscuits to the Queen" was granted to this eminent firm. Since that period, many great improvements have been introduced into their machinery; and a visit to their works will be found amply to repay the tourist.

The peculiar character of the manufacture, as well as the modus operandi, often excite the wonder and admiration of the numerous visitors to these interesting works.

Amongst other novelties is the Patent Aërating Machine, invented by Dr. Dauglish, of Malvern, by means of which the dough has imparted to it the vesicular, or spongy structure on which lightness depends, through the admixture of carbonic acid gas, instead of by the ordinary process of yeast. The machinery is of a very powerful description, and is worked by steam. The biscuits made by this process are of a superior kind, and are especially valuable, from their purity and lightness, for children and invalids.

As we have seen, railways connect Carlisle with Lake Windermere, Kendal, &c., on the south, with Edinburgh on the north, and Newcastle on the east; a canal twelve miles in length, for vessels of 100 tons, proceeds to it from Solway Firth, and Carlisle communicates, by steamers, with Liverpool, Belfast, and Annan.

THE RAILWAY FROM CARLISLE TO SILLOTH BAY was incorporated by 18 and 19 Vict. cap. 153 (July 16, 1855) to run from Port Carlisle at Drumburgh, to the boat lighthouse in Silloth Bay; and a dock, and the jetty at the latter place, were opened 4th September, 1856.

SILLOTH TOWN AND HARBOUR.

THE new town and harbour of Silloth is situated on the south shore of the Solway Frith, twenty-one miles from the city of Carlisle, with which they are connected by a line of railway, the present termini being at the Port Carlisle station at Carlisle, and at the town of Silloth; the railway being further extended to the termination of the pier in connection with the dock, so as to ensure immediate and direct communication between it and the various steamers plying to Liverpool, Dublin, and other ports.

The great desirableness of a deep-water harbour, accessible at all periods of the tide, in connection with railway traffic, had been long felt. No such harbour existed along the whole range of the west coast between the Mersey and Loch Ryan in Wigtonshire, except the bay of Silloth, which had been a place of resort and shelter for vessels from time immemorial. Its peculiar facilities attracted the notice of