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Hut A as the lower true molar of Bos longifrons, and a long bone found in Hut E as the femur of a horse. The rest were too much broken to be identified.

The following is a summary of the objects found in the various huts:

Hut A.-Numerous rough rubbing-stones, pounders or mullers pot-boilers, and odd pebbles.

An iron ring.

A few bones and teeth.

A little charcoal.

Hut B.-Bronze pin.

A little charcoal.

A few pounders, rubbing-stones, etc.

Hut D.-Fragments of pottery of numerous vessels.
Much charcoal.

One spindle-whorl.

Pebbles, but only one indicating its use as a rubber.
Remains of an iron object.

A few bones.

Hut E.-Three spindle-whorls.

Small fragments of pottery.

Pounders, rubbing-stones, and pebbles.

A few bones.

The numerous remains of pottery, and the sticky nature of the soil, indicate that the preparation of food and its consumption probably were largely carried on in Hut D.

Hut E apparently was chiefly reserved for other work, such as weaving and spinning.

Huts A and B go together. The remains of pottery are entirely absent on these sites.

The relics, found so far, show that the inhabitants used rough stone pebbles in carrying on much of their work; that they occupied themselves in weaving and spinning; that they used vessels of wheel-turned pottery; that their domestic animals included Bos longifrons and the horse; that they ate flesh and employed pot-boilers to heat their water; that they used objects of iron, and that bronze pins were not unknown to them.

The camp may have been occupied for a considerable time. Some of the pottery belongs certainly to the Roman period. The brooch is decidedly of a late La Tène type, though that in itself is insufficient to date the building in which it was found. It will further be noticed that. Mr. Read assigns one piece of pottery to the same period. The work of excavation is, however, not sufficiently advanced to allow safe conclusions to be drawn as to the period of the construction of the camp. It may be possible that it dates from different periods and that the original camp occupied only a portion of its later area. It should be noticed, however, that the oldest relic found so farthe bronze pin-was discovered in a hut without the inner wall.

During the week's operations, Mr. Willoughby Gardner very kindly came over on two days and gave valuable suggestions. Further assistance was given by the Rev. J. C. Hughes, who spent the week on the mountain with me.

EXCAVATIONS AT THE PRÆTORIUM AT CASTELL COLLEN, 1911

BY HENRY LEWIS, JUN.

In presenting this Report of seven weeks' work on the excavation of a portion of the Prætorium at Castell Collen, I have to express great thanks to Professor Bosanquet for his valuable assistance and advice.

In this Report I have throughout considered the Prætorium as facing due E. This is not really the case, as it faces E.N.E.

The camp slopes towards the river, and the Roman floor-level is only 2 ft. below the modern level on the E. side, whilst on the W. side it is 4 ft. 6 in. But in this Report all the levels are taken from the original Roman floor-level.

THE position of the Prætorium was located by means of a trial trench dug in April, but the work of more thorough examination was not commenced until August, and with the exception of the chambers S. of the Sacellum the whole building has now been explored.

The materials used in the building were brick and stone, all the exterior and most of the interior walls being of stone, though a large amount of wood seems to have been used in the construction. There is reason to suppose that a wooden Prætorium existed prior to the erection of a stone building.

The stone used is a hard limestone (Silurian), which occurs on the opposite side of the river Ithon, and the quarries, where the stones were dressed, with the remains of the old roads leading to them, can be seen on the hills due E. of the camp.

A large number of curiously-shaped stones have been found, to which the labourers have given the name of pillar-stones. These are of a triangular shape, and seem to have entered into the formation of pillars.

No large pillars, such as once existed round the Basilica at Caerwent and other places, have been found.

A few stones with mouldings carved on them have been unearthed, but they were scattered all over the

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Prætorium. Unfortunately, the Prætorium having been used as a quarry for so many years, these stones have been displaced from their original positions. These mouldings are of two kinds: the larger, which were probably used for the border of some chamber, and the smaller, which were probably the border of an inscription.

Two inscribed stones have been found.

Several pieces of much-perished and shapeless calcareous tufa occur in the court outside the Sacellum; as no voussoirs were found, possibly the arch stones were of this material.

The bricks used were of two kinds. One of local manufacture, which may have been made near the site of the present pumping-station (Llandrindod Town

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Castell Collen: Fragments of Stone-mouldings

Council), on the opposite side of the river, where brickworks producing similar kind of bricks were at work a few years ago. The other was of a harder and more durable nature, similar in shape to the hypocaust. squares of other Roman stations. These bricks are not local, but were possibly made from clay taken from the vicinity of the river Wye, such as is said to occur below Builth.

A large number of these bricks were made in quad

6TH SER., VOL. XII.

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