MARRIAGES. MARRIED-On 18th ult. at St. Michael's Church, Bloomingdale, by the Rev. Augustus Fitch, Mr. Edmund W. Wells, to Mrs. Ann H. Hutton. At Brooklyn. L. I. on the 27th September, by the Rev. Doctor Melivain, C. J. Henshaw, Esq. to Miss Cornelia, Middah, youngest daughter of the late A. Middah, Esq. In the Brig Matilda, from Havanna. Capt, Leutner,, late of the brig Tolson, sold at Havana. In the schooner Martha, from Montego Bay, Jamaica-Mr In the ship Napoleon, from Liverpool:---Mrs. Smith, Mr. At Westpoint, on Saturday the 20th Sept. by the Rev. Thos. New-York; Miss Donaldson and Mr. Wm. Donaldson, of Cin Warner, Lieut. H. Swartwout, U. S. Army, to Miss Mary M. cinnati; Mr. Edward Shaw and servant. of Dublin; Mr. H. daughter of Major R. Alden, of that place. At Somerville, (N. J.) on Thursday evening, the 27th of Sep-Philadalphia: Mr NP Howell, Long Island; 14 in steerage. tember, by the Rev. A. H. Dumont, Daniel Barkalow, Esq. of Paterson, to Henrietta, daughter of the late Gen. John Swart wout, of New-York. DEATHS. Wainwright, Mr. P. Homer, Boston; Mr. Thomas Reath, Per ship Tecumseh, froin Havre--MrT Debroine & lady, Per ship William Drayton, Charleston-Madame De Loy, DIED-On the 30th ult. John Slidell, Esq. aged 61 years, Cready, and Robert, Messrs. J. Loudon, J. W. Cheesborough, President of the Tradesmen's Fire Insurance Company. He J. Lawton, W. A. Howard, of U. S. Army, J. S. Worth, of was seized with cholera in the course of Saturday night, and U. S. Army, G. E. Atwell. J. McMurdy, J. Cobbett. J. R. died at 11 o'clock the following morning. The death of Mr. Slidell will be long lamented as one of the most afflicting that has occurred from cholera in this city. Well known and much respected by his townsmen generally, he was more particularly endeared to others, not less by the warmth of his friendships, and the benevolence of his disposition, than by his uncom promising integrity and spirited independence of character. To his bereaved friends, when they recover from the shock of this sudden stroke of calamity, it will be a solace to reflect that the worth which makes it to them irreparable, ensures ite having been a gain to him: And the summons, however vio. lent it may seem, can hardly be considered abrupt when it came to one every way so well prepared to meet it. This morning, Oct. 4, after a short illness, Mr. J. W. Palmer. in the 45th year of his age. On Tuesday morning, Oct. 2, of consumption, Merrick Martin, in the 25th year of his age. Yesterday morning, 23th instant, of the typhus fever, Mr. Sept. 30th, in the 53d year of his age, Louis Lemet. Sept. 29th, Mr. Edwin, L. Smith. Pilot, aged 32 years. Timothy Dewey, aged 11 years. Arhenhurst, J. Thompson, H. C. Bonatheon, W. C Hayne, In the ship Queen Mabb, from Savannah-L. Sawyer, Miss In the ship John Taylor, from Liverpool-E. L. Parsons and In the ship Creole, from Liverpool-Mrs. Page, D. Annan, H. In the brig Betsey & Jane, from Rio Janeiro-T. Brooks. ASHES SALES AT AUCTION OF REAL ESTATE. A gore of ground, S W corner of 5th avenue and 18th street, containing 40 feet on 5th avenue, 70 feet on 18th street, 59 leet in the rear, and 60 feet on southerly side-sold for $1470. NOTICE. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that Books of Subscription to the Capital Stock of "THE NEW YORK AND ERIE RAILROAD COMPANY" will be opened on the 18th and 19th days of October next, at 10 o'clock A. M. at the Merchants' Exchange, in the city of New-York, and also at Manming's Hotel, in the village of Owego. The Shares are one hundred dollars each. A payment of five dollars on each Share is to be made at the time of subscription. COMMISSIONERS Isaac Lawrence Richard M. Lawrence Cornelius J. Blauvelt Benjamin Blackledge George D. Wickham Selah Reeves NEW-YORK PRICES CURRENT: Corrected from the "New-York Shipping and Commercial List-Wednesday, October 3d, 1932. Last evening, at Throg's Nock, West Chester, Catherine Russia, first sort ....lb Holeman, relict of the late John Holsman, aged 87. Do. common...do At Brooklyn, L. I. on the 27th September, after a short ill. American...........do news, M. D. Beeket Kempe, late of Natchez, Mississippi. CANDLES .lb ..do At English Kills, Newtown, L. I. on the 27th September, of Mould, tallow Cholera, Mr. Charles Johnson, aged about 50 years; also his Dipped ... wife, Abby Johnson, aged about 30, and his eldest daughter, Sperm..............do Cornelia Johnson, aged about 16. They all died in the short COALspace of ten hours, and were interred in one grave. Liverpool....chaldron 13 a 60 Raisins, Malaga..cask 700 a 800 70 Do. 50 Currants, Zante....do 40 Do. 15. a 121 a 11 a 30 a 13 Do. 12 Almonds, soft sheli..do Ha 16 11 12 Do. Philadelphia.do a a 6 7 Pork, Mess. 9. Do. Prime.. Figs, Smyrna......do 33 Filberte .do Prunes Bordeaux..do a a 115 Wheat, North riv..bshl 75 a 1 10 80 RICE.... ..100 lb 3 75 4 4 25 New-York, Brown..lb SPIRITS 5 a 6 do 11 a 12 90 Brandy, Ot. D. & Co.gal 1624 a 71 was, during a long life, distinguished for piety, and respected Para and beloved by a large circle of friends. do 5 a COFFEE 40 a 49 Do. St. Croix, 3d do.do 95 a 100 Cuba a 700 Do. Brazil...... .do Do. Wind. Isi. 3d do.do WEEKLY REPORT OF DEATHS. Porto Rico... The City Inspector reports the death of 180 persons during the Laguira week ending on Saturday last, 29th ult. viz.:-54 men, 44 wo- 3t. Domingo. men, 43 boys, and 39 girls-ot whom 36 were of the age of 1 year Java Gin:Holl'd, MederSwan 1 124 a 1 15 14 Russia.... Do. and under, 16 between 1 and 2, 16 between 2 and 5, 6 between Jamaica...... 5 and 10, 10 between 10 and 20, 28 between 20 and 30, 24 between Imperial...do a 108 COPPER American dew-rot...do 13000 a 15000 Whiskey, Rye......do La Plata & R. Grande. Ib 9 a Cider Brandy.......do a .....do 24 a Brazil. ...do 11 a 80 and 40, 13 between 40 and 50, 15 between 50 and 60, 10 between Sheathing born 4, syphilis 1, teething 3, unknown 2. The following are the weekly interments in this city since the 30th June-specifying the number from Cholera Malignant: Week ending July 7-191 intcrments, of which 56 of Cholera Total since 30th June, 5,737 interments PASSENGERS: American COTTON New Orleans........Jb Alabama ...........do Do. American ......do Live, Foreign ......lb FISH 40 Sheet Dry Cod.....cwt 2 75 a 300 Scale ...do 200 a 2 25 Smoked do. a 17 No. 2.....do 450 a 4 75 3,417 of Gholera Shad, Conn. Mess...do 850 a 950 a 6 25 ...do 200 a 2 23 Do. Bucksport,do..do FLAX Russia.... Departed in the shilp George Clinton, for New Orleans: Ar NewYork suprfine..brl 5 37 4 5 50 In the ship Alabamian, for Mobile: Mr Stansbury and lady; Troy...............do a 625 a Do. Country...do 6623 a In the brig Adaline, from Gottenburg-John Wilson, wife, Alexandria & George. and child, ML Lorenson, O W Lorenson, M. Lorenson, JPL Lorenson. 5 75 town...........do 5 50 a 6 12 Do. refined.......do Fredericksburg.....do a a In the ship Congress, from Vera Cruz-B. O. Ledward, R Petersburg...do a 90 40 a a 70 a 157 80 a 125 40 a 49 .do 31 a 35 40 a 45 37 a 40 92 WOOL- 5 75 Sperm, Summer....do 5 3 Liver, Straits......brl 16 00 a Do. Shore&Bank,do 1400 a 15 00 a year, in advance. NEW-YORK, OCTOBER 13, 1832. VOLUME I....NO. 42. The JOURNAL AND ADVOCATE is published every 000 per mile. The friends of Railroads will be highly and even paving stones have been made articles of Saturday, at No.35 Wall street, New York, at three dollars gratified with this Report, as it shows conclusively traffic, and articles of like kind, coal, plaister bricks, &c. bave been sent into the interior. Fo that the fears of many, who were not aequainted rests and quarries have been brought into use and with works of the kind, are groundless; that for all profit, by its means, and a few months have served practical purposes of transportation, it will fulfil the to demonstrate its applicability to purposes not conmost sanguine expectations of its warmest friends. templated in the original estimates. honorable and gratifying results before them, the It came to hand at a late hour for this number of Board of Directors have just cause for pride and conIn our last we commenced the publication of a the Journal; yet we are unwilling to delay its inser-gratulation in the success of their great enterprize. collection of facts, which were made a few years tion, although we are compelled to divide it, and also since and published by order of Congress, in relation to exclude other matter prepared for this number. سجيءlture of pilk. We shall continue to publish, For the convenience of those who may not have weekly, such information as we may be able to col- leisure to read the Report at once, we give from the lect, calculated to render the subject more generally Baltimore American a summary, as preferable to understood: as we deem it a subject of far greater anything we have to offer. importance to the prosperity of this country, than is generally supposed. As our means of information upon this subject, at present, are rather limited, we shall be greatly oblig. ed to any person who will furnish us with facts, that may be useful or interesting, in relation to it. With thesе A considerable additien to the value of the load is anticipated from the application of steam power. In the conveyance of passengers, the saving comand with horse newer, is estimated to bo fifty per cent. Two engines of American construction, one by Poter Cooper of New York, and one by Davis and Gartner of York (Pa.) have been in use, the latter having travelled a distance of eighty miles daily with a train of cars, fo. upwards of a month. Other names are mentioned as engaged in the manrach the The Railroad as completed extends from the City Block, Baltimore, to the Point of Rocks on the Potomac river-69 miles. To this must be added the ufacture and improvement of engine. lateral road to Frederick, 31-2 miles more; making The Board, while they announce then determinathe total line of road completed 72 1.2 miles. Of tion not to relax their zeal and exertions to re this distance, from the Depot on Pratt street to the Ohio, do not mention specifically any plan for the western bank of the Monocacy (56 1.2 miles) is laid route of the road, in the event of a final failure to down a double track of rails; thence to the Point of secure a passage by the Point of Rocks. They do We have received the first number of the "FARMER Rocks (11 1.8 miles) on the lateral road to Frederick not consider the Canal Company as having decided AND MECHANIC," a semimonthly newspaper, in quarto (3 1.2 miles) and from the Depot to the City Block to refuse the proposition of the State of Maryland (1 3.4 miles), the track is single. The whole num- for a compromise, but as having merely waived it by form, devoted to Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, ber of miles of single track laid down is 139 1-4, or the substitution of their own proposal. That having published by Mr. L. R. Lincoln, at Cincinnati, Ohio. excluding turnouts, sidelings, &c, 130 1.2; and it been refused by the Railroad Company, the question The mechanical department of the paper is well exe. is a matter of some importance that the expense of recurs upon the State proposition, which remains cuted, and the Editor, who is the Secretary of the constructing thein has fallen $93,934 70 below the unacted on. The Board, without expressing any estimate in the last annual report. On this distance, distinct opinion, appears to entertain an expectation Hamilton County Agricultural Society, will un- every variety of construction has been tried. About that the demonstration which has been made of the doubtedly make it a valuable source of information 89 1.2 miles are laid on wooden strings and sleep- certain success and great superiority of the Railroad to those who take an interest in promoting the ers, at an average cost of $4,429 81 per mile, will yet have its weight in bringing the Canal Comnearly 6 miles upon wood string pieces and stone pany to just terms, and that the Legislature of Macause to which it is devoted. blocks, at $5.547 51 per mile, and about 34 upon ryland may, in a spirit of justice, and for the protec We make a few short extracts from this number, stone sills at $7,193 14 per mile. Every variety of tion of their own property, so use the power which and shall frequently avail ourselves of its contents, transportation and of power has been tested, and they possess over the charter of that Company, as to as we may find them interesting to our readers. ample opportunity afforded for judging accurately induce them to deal fairly with another work in of all the facts connected with the future progress which the people and the State are so deeply interof the road. With this experience, the Directors ested. At the same time, the Engineer, in order te announce, not as a speculation, but as a demonstra-bo prepared for any event, has recommended surveys ted fact, that the whole cost of the road to the Ohio, to be made for the purpose of ascertaining the facili BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. We find in the Baltimore papers the Sixth Report of the President and Directors to the Stockholders of the Baltimore excluding in the average, the great outlay of the ties for conducting the Railroad to Harper's Ferry, and Ohio Railroad Company." This document has first division, will fall within the original estimate of independently of the Canal, either on the Virginia been looked for with much anxiety, by the friends of $20,000 a mile. This is an important item of in- side, or by excavating a shelf in the face of the cliffs, telligence, which cannot but invigorate the stock- or tunnelling through several of the Mountain Spurs, the Railroad, and the community at large, as a great holders with increased zeal and confidence. and passing the narrows near Harper's Ferry by rock desire has been felt to know what course would be Not only do the Board of Directors give this en-excavation. All these would be attended with great pursued by the Company, in consequence of the re-couraging account of the progress of the construc- additional expense over the route which the Canal fusal of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company to tion of the work, and the diminution of expense Company shuts us from; but it is the opinion of the with which it has been attended, but they state with Engineer, that the "great objects to be attained will permit them the right of way past "the Point of equal confidence, that all their expectations of its amply justify the expense." Rocks" and to Harper's Ferry. importance and value have been realized. The Po- Upon the whole, it is clear that the Railroad ex The Report has been made; and from it the friends tomac was looked to as the point at which its uti-periment has succeeded to demonstration; and that of the Railroad will learn, that although the point lity would be tested, and it has stood the test tri- not a thought is entertained by its Directors of in doubt is not definitively settled, yet it speaks with omphantly. Since the period when it was first used pausing in their career of improvement, until the for transportation, all kinds of agricultural produc- whole work shall be completed to the Ohio, and the confidence of the ability of the Company ultimately tions, even those for which railroads were contended avenue opened for a speedy, safe, easy, and cheap into complete the Railroad to the Ohio, as at first con- to be unavailable, have been brought down to mar. terchange of benefits and mutual prosperity between templated, and within the original estimate of $20,-'ket with profit. Lime, timber, lumber, fire-wood, the people of the West and the Atlantic States, New York American. [For the Railroad Journal & Advocate of Internal nia, from whence a good road continues to Nacog-Extracts from late London papers received at the Office of the doches in Texas. Improvement.] The rapid settlement as well as agricultural im- STEAM CARRIAGES. Experimental Journey, by The present age appears to be productive of won. derful events, as well in the sciences and mechanic provement of Arkansas, judging from the five last Messrs. Ogle and W. A. Summers. Monday this yoars of observation, warrants the belief, that in steam-carriage passed thro' Newberry from Southarts, as in the principles of government and general less than ten years from this time, there will be a ampton to Oxford: it proceeded along the streets at political economy. In chymistry we are continual regular and pleasant Post Coach communication a steady pace, attended by a large concourse of per. ly reducing the number of (formerly supposed) sim-trom Memphis to Nacogdochis in Texas. sons. At the Chequers Inn, Speenhamland, it stop. The interest of all the navigable coast of the Val-ped to take in water and coke; the supply of water ple substances, which are now found to have been ley of the Mississippi, embracing at least 70,000 required was about one hundred buckets. When compound; and in the sciences generally we are miles, even at the most extensive region, viz: the starting the coach went off with very considerable becoming less complex. In machinery we are less- sources of the Red, Arkansas, White, St. Francis, speed, and soon left all the pedestrians far behind. ening the complication, and giving the whole force Missouri, Illinois, as well as the Ohio, Wabash, We understand Messrs Ogle & Summers have to the substance to be operated upon, without exhausting the power on cog-wheels and pinions. Cumberland, Tennessee, and Yazoo Rivers, would been occupied almost four years in the experiments, not be confined to New Orleans only, but would and have expended £30,000 in bringing their invenfind equal and perhaps superior advantages in many tion to perfection, or rather to that state which leaves The present state of the world in regard to the of our Atlantic cities. The transportation to and only some trifling minor details to be worked out. government of christian nations, indeed, appears from the sources of all those Rivers, would be as The chief desideratum in locomotive vehicles and wonderful on account of the rapid spread of Know well regulated in price, as it is at this time in our voseole (in mince in vus vulunice) is a safo and off. marine coasting trade. In time of war, our only eient mode of generating steam on scientific princi. ledge, which is said to be a Nation's Power, but, alrisk by capture, would be, while pursuing only the ples. Messrs. Ogle and Summers have completely though we are increasing and oxpanding that pow. foreign trade, whereas (as was the case during the mastered that most difficult point. Their boiler con. er, still is it not the fact that it is becoming more fast war) the marine coasting not only consumed by tains the greatest possible heating surface to the and more unmanageable, and is the very reverse of capture two-thirds or more of the agricultural least possible space, when in combination with product, as well as the same proportion of the coast- the stronger mechanical form. Their boiler con. our knowledge in the general sciences and mechaing interest, which was not only our loss, but an sists of numerous sections, having sufficient connics? The one can be concentrated or expanded, entire gain by our enemies. It was in fact paying nection with each other, constructed of cylinders and the other is expanded, but as yet cannot be and feeding the enemy while fighting him. The ad with air tubes within each, standing vertically, so concentrated for the general good (of our Country vantages in the econoray, and facilitating the oper- that a stratum of water is placed between two heat. ation of carrying on war, would be immense. Their ing surfaces, the outer surface of the cylinders, and movements would be more expeditious, and there. the inner surface of the air tube. They allow 13 super at least.) The fact is perfectly clear to me that we must do fore a smaller force would be required to protect our ficial feet to the horse power, and the boiler in their less in Theory and more in Practice, that is tangi- extensive frontiers; but added to all these advanta- vehicle contains 398 feet of heating surface, or 30 ble, and can be seen and felt at first view. With ges, what a happy effect it would have by amalga- horse power. They usually work at the pressure of these considerations I would suggest to the citizens of the United States, a project that would embrace all these views, viz : manners. in the Natural History of our country. nating our interest and assimilating our habits and 200 lbs on the square inch, so that upwards of nineteen millions of pounds weight are pressing to get Our situation as a nation is entirely different from loose, and yet confined and used with perfect the nations of Europe. Their emigration is mostly safety. The cylinders are 12 1-4 in diameter, The construction of a Railroad, which will confined to this continent; ours is merely from one with metalic pistons, of such perfect construction, state or territory to another state or territory, with that the steam has never been known to pass these serve as a Belt, that will give strength and perma- in our own Government. Therefore, with this amal. pistons. The boiler contains upwards of 56,000 nency to the bond of Union, by equalizing com gamation, sectional interests with regard to the Ta- rivets, and at the tremendous pressure of 300 pounds merce and agriculture, and by expanding the ma riff and protecting system, would lessen iu propor- on the inch, not a rivet leaks. The joints are all pernufacturing interest of our country. That in war tion to the extent of the emigration or amalgama-fectly tight, and the supply of water to the boiler from we may be more independent of our enemies, and tion. the tank quite perfect. The form of the carriage is elin peace the privileges of our Citizens more equal. Family connections and feelings would be ex- egant, remarkably commodious, and, we understand, The line embracing these different interests should panded throughout all parts of the Union. easier than any other vehicle. It differs from the commence at Washington, or at the most southern This project was submitted to the Legislature of common carriage chiefly in its height, and the cumpoint of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road, from Louisiana at their last session, and resulted in pass- brous appearance of the boiler, which is placedig thence through Virginia, the interior of North and ing irgundy gundry Bite, Therewith which a comparison to the heavy ironwork being at the lower part of the (perhaps near Athens) from this point to branch may be drawn of the extent and general benefits that vehicle, an upset is almost impossible. off through North Alabama (at the head of the Mus would result to our country. On Monday morning this carriage left Milbrook, cle Shoals in Tennessee River) to the Mississippi There are many things extremely interesting con near Southampton with 23 persons and their lugat Memphis in the state of Tennessee. This I nected with this project, in the statistics as well as gage, and proceeded towards Oxford. The first 12 would call the first and grand object to be accom miles, celebrated for the hills, were cleared in one plished, and the second would be to commence at P. FANNING. hour and ten minutes, without pressing the vehicle the most favorable point in Georgia and extend it Whereas the construction of a Railroad from the to its speed. The coach then proceeded towards through Alabama, and Mississippi, to or near New river Mississippi, (as near to New Orleans as prac- Whiteehurch with great velocity; but before it reachOrleans in Louisiana. Thus you will perceive by ticable) to pass through the States of Louisiana, ed Sutton Shotney, it was found that the coke, lateral Railroads, our Atlantic cities north, as well Mississippi, Tennessee, Virginia, and probably a por- which had been sent to different stations, consisted as those in the Bay of Mexico, south of the Capes tion of Alabama and North Carolina, to the city of of little bags instead of sacks, and therefore, fuel of Florida, could be united to the main or grand Rail Washington, is an object of great national import- was necessarily waited for, or the whole distance road, and all our important sea-ports south of Newlance, its manifest consequences being to afford se- would have been cleared in less than five hours.York, (inclusive) would be equal as places of depo. cure and rapid means for the conveyance of the The road is known to be very hilly and rough, and sit, for the productions of the whole of our country United States' Mail; as well as to give to a vast and to be perhaps the most trying which a steam-coach north, south & west of New ork, without incurring fertile region, all the requisite facilities of transpor. could be run on. Notwithstanding, the loftiest hills any marine risk. Thus route or line crosses all those tation to market; and an object of this description were surmounted with the greatest facility; that Rivers that empty into the Atlantic, north, as well being evidently calculated to increase the inter-from Whitechurch was ascended at full ten miles as those south of the Capes of Florida, at or near course and cement the bonds of connexion between an hour. At intervals, the coke being consumtheir sources, instead of at, or near their broad out. the people of these United States. The legislature ed, coals were used, which caused a stream of lets. Nor does it run parallel to any navigable of Louisiana deeply impressed with the magnitude smoke; bnt when coke is burnt there is no appear. stream, so that it does not come in contact with any and importance of the object, and being desirous to ance of smoke. The want of coke, and the illness natural channel, for the conveyance of the produce awaken public attention to the same, of Mr. Summers, induced the party to stop at Abof the country. At the head of the Muscle Shoals Therefore, be it resolved by the Senate and House ington, having cleared upwards of twelves miles an it passes the natural outlet of the great Valley of the of Representatives of the State of Louisiana in Ge- hour when supplied with fuel, and which speed could Tennessee, which by water is say 700 miles to Mem-neral Assembly convened, That the President of have been considerably accelerated. The strength of phis (a very bad navigation) and by the Rail Road, the United States be respectfully requested in be- the machinery, and the perfect command over the would probably be less than 140 miles, but Charles. half of the people of this State, to order the Uni-power, was completely proved by the fact, that at ton and Savannah would be their nearest and cheap. ted States' Engineers to make all the necessary sur. the summit of a very long and steep hill, the dragest market for the conveyance of their produce as veys and estimates of the above contemplated Rail- chain failed, and the vehicle rushed forward and atwell as minerals in which their country abounds and road. tained the terrific speed of fifty miles an hour, but are extensively wrought. The Charleston Rail Be it further enacted, &c., That the Governor of was steered with accuracy and safety. It is Messrs. Road is now in operation, say two-thirds of the dis. the State be requerted to forward a copy of these Ogle and Summers' intention to remain several days tance required to connect it with the Grand Rail resolutions to the Executive of the United States. at Oxford, as they have businors to transact, and are Road. Memphis is situated about 800 miles above Be it further resolved, &c., That the Governor desirous of trying some experiment in detail, which New Orleansand 400 miles below the mouth of the be requested to forward a copy of these resolutions experience alone can teac; they have also found Ohio River, and is on the first Bluff or point above to the respective Gevernors of all the States above that the only part of the machine not made by themthe mouth of the Yazoo River, that can be ap. mentioned, with a request on the part of this State, selves, the crank axle, has shown symptoms of proached during the high water of the Mississippi, that the same may be communicated to their seve- weakness in the most unexpected part, arising from and embraces, (by the course of the river) about 350 ral Legislatures, under a hope that the said States culpable neglect, and still more culpable concealmiles. At Memphis (or opposite) commences the will co-operate with Louisiana, in some constitu. ment, of the workmen who made it; the necessary U. S. Military Road through the Territory of Ar tional mode in effecting the commencement and strength will be given to it, and the vehicle will then kansas, and is the only ridge of highland, for a near completion of the said contemplated Railroad. communication from Little Rock, the Capital, with the Mississippi, during the annual overflow. The Military Road extends to Natchotochis in Lonisia A. MOUTON, Speaker of the House of Rep. proceed on its destination, through Birmingham and Liverpool. In this experiment there has been no avoiding of difficulties, a hilly, rough and winding road has been : In ascending, the nine empty wagons will weigh 11,700 lbs., subject to friction, plus 550 lbs. for the mule 12,250 lbs., the whole weight in motion, and is retarded by gravity. selected, and traversed with safety and velocity.-ing on the economical management of a new work. There remains, therefore, 130 pounds traction for The boiler is found to be most efficient, and perfect. It is obviously unfair, therefore, to measure the val- the werk of the animal. ly tight; the cylinders large enough; the machine. ue of a whole system by a standard so distorted and ry so well put together that even a rush of fifty miles monstrous as that generally afforded by first experian hour has not started one bolt, nor broken a single ments. screw; the springs of the carriage body have been We shall now proceed briefly, upon scientific strengthened, as so many persons clambered on it as principles, to test the value of the descent by gravito overweigh them. Every where travellers were ty, which, it seems, (p. 165,) in comparing the cost well and kindly received, and willingly supplied of transit upon it, with that upon Canals, is to be with water. The vehicle entered Oxford in fine style, reckoned one of "the favorable circumstances atascending, at about eight miles an hour, St. Aldate's, tending that road," inasmuch, as "being located and the traction, or force exerted, is the same in and turned into the gateway of the Star Inn.- upon a plane descending in the direction of the load, ascending, as it will be in descending. [Reading (English) paper.] [Continued from page 645.] Friction 11,700 divided by 144-81 lbs. The sum of which is 130 and requiring no expensive or complicated machine. The force of 130 pounds has to be exerted for 16 ry in its use, [it] approximates in facility of istrant miles in a day, and this is equivalent to a force of traction of 116 pounds 18 miles in a day; for 18: On the Comparative Merits of Canals and Railroads. to a small canal." (Pages 163-4.) Forty-two wagons laden with 67 tons of coal, and 16::130:116. Consequently this exertion is withThe Railway owned by the Lehigh Coal and seven wagons carrying 28 mules, descend by their in that usually reckoned as the day's work of a meIn this arrangement, the animal makes but one Navigation Company, at Mauch Chunk, in Pennsyl. gravity, conducted by four men, who, with the dium horse. vania, (see Doc. No. 18, pages 8, 163 to 175, 170, brakes. regulate the speed; otherwise, the distance 199, 201, 211, and 216,) has been, it would seem, being eight miles, and rate of descent I in 55, the trip in a day, to wit he travels eight miles down much relied upon, not only by the ingenious and re. velocity would become ruinously great. The de- the inclination with the loaded train of nine wagons, spectable superintendant himself, but likewise by the scent having been performed in about 1 1-4 hours, and on the same day he is made to return 8 miles up author of the document just recited, as a standard the four drivers return through the eight miles up the ascent with the train of nine empty wagons: whereby to test the comparative merits of railways the ascent of 1 in 55, with the 49 wagons; that is, thus, each animal transports 9 wagon loads of coal and canals. In proof of this, we cannot have better 21 mules draw 42 empty coal wagons, and the re. in a day, and 28 mules will convey 250 loads in a evidence in the one case than the fact that, instead maining seven mules ascend with the seven mule day. In the actual arrangement, however, the 28 mules of continuing the railway down the side of the river wagons. In order that this round shall be repeated Lehigh, from Mauch Chunk to the Delaware, at in the day, so as to transport 134 tons of coal daily, make two trips in a day, each trip conveying 42 waEaston, a distance of 46 3.4 miles, upon a descent, the ascent has to be performed at the rate of four gons, that is 84 wagon loads per day. in favor of the trade, of about 8 feet per mile, a canal miles per hour, for two hours; so that the two en. We see, therefore, that, as the road is actually tire trips over a distance of 32 miles, are performed, graded, and, notwithstanding that the laden wagons and river navigation has been formed, at an expense of $1,558,000, or $33,326 per mile; or, in the as the day's work should be, in eight hours; mak- descend by their gravity, and that the mules ride in other case, than the prominent array of pages in ing allowance for detentions at each end of the road, the bargain, yet the animal power, under these cirand at the half way station, where, it being a single cumstances, has only the one-third part of the useful effect that it would have if the line had been graded which this Railway finds notice in the document. We shall endeavor to show that the Mauch Chunk Railway, the trains lrave to pass each other. The labor performed by each mule in a day, in ad- to the best advantage for such a Railway. Consequently, the power costs three-fold what it Railway is not only a peculiar one, but that the redition to the muscular exertions necessary to his own sults upon it should, in no wise, be held up as a precedent, or as a test of the Railway system, much exertion on a level, is therefore the sum of the forces would then do: added to this, the outlay upon the less as an argument in the comparison of that system required to overcome his own gravity, together with mule wagens, together with their wear and tear, and with canals, unless, indeed, due allowance is made the gravity and friction of two empty coal wagons, their action upon the Railway itself, would likewise for all the conditions which are peculiar to it, or to on 16 miles of Railway, ascending 1 in 55, and at a be saved. And yet, these are the practical results speed of four miles per hour. The way is much attendant upon the use of a Railway that is to give those similarly circumstanced. From the summit near the mines, to the head of curved, and some of the curvatures have a radius tone to the opposition raised against the whole Railthe chute or inclined plane at Mauch Chunk, the not exceeding about 160 feet, and there is considera- way system, when any part of that system conflicts With respect to the wear and tear of wagons, distance by the Railway is eight miles, with a 'de. ble flange friction. The wagons work with inside with a Canal! scent of 767 ft.; the descent is nearly uniform, and bearings, and have wheels two feet in diameter.is, therefore, at the rate of 96 feet per mile, or one in They have about the samo model as the English which, upon this road, is reported at two-thirds of a fifty-six. report to dated Philadelphia, Ist mo. the board of managers, tendant observes: "Perhaps some remarks on our experience with our Railroad, on which has been of that of its load (32 cwt.-3,584 lbs.) it would be ving to return empty; consequently, the wear and transported upwards of 60,000 tons, may settle the about 1200 lbs.; but, in the smaller wagons, this ra- tear of the wagons, in returning, is that much more question with some of our stockholders, who have tio cannot well be attained: we shall, therefore, in added to the cost of transportation per ton of freight, doubted the policy of canaling the valley of the Le. the absence of precise information on this head, as than it would be if the wagons were laden in both high, in place of making a Railroad." (See Doc. sume it at 1300 lbs. A mule that will perform the directions. Again: the cost of wagens upon this No. 18, p. 164.) coal wagons with which Tredgold was conversant, cent per ton per mile, (p. 168, Doc. No. 18,) it must and consequently about the same amount of friction, be borne in mind that the cost is estimated on the distance through which the coal is conveyed; which is 1.144th Daryouwad hy wagons, these ha If the weight of the empty wagon was one t The following estimate, after some remarks re. garding the Erie canal, is then presented, to wit: "Cost of transportation on our Railroad for the year 1828: " Mules and horses cost 1 1-3 cents per ton per mile "Hands, "Repairing wagons "Oil for do "Total, 11-2 do do 2-3 do do 1.5 do do 3 53-100 cts per tor, per mile." work of an average horse, is lighter than a horse, road is also enhanced, very considerably, by the mule Gravity of the mule = 550 divided by 55 = 10 lbs. wear and tear of one mule in running 16 miles for The superintendant, it appears, has also published mule at 25 miles per hour 16 miles in a day, which tioned, without supposing any want in the general estimates, &c. in the Mauch Chunk Courier, under is somewhat less than 125 lbs, the draught allowed economy of the concern, either as respects the date of the 5th mo. 20th, 1830, in which he states for a medium horse 18 miles in a day. The differ plans or the constructions, are altogether sufficient the cost of mules and drivers for the year 1829, to once is probably made up in a small increase of the to account for this item being more than one-fourth lhave been about two cents per ton per mile, being a friction, beyond 1-144, or it may be that, owing to of a cent per ton por mile. With respect to the ef saving over that of the previous year of two-thirds of the manner of working, the effect is, nevertheless, e. fects of the high velocity which swell this estimate, a cent per ton per mile. The state ment proceeds to quivalent to 125 lbs under other circumstances. The as well as that of the cost of repairs of the Railway show that, at the date last mentioned, a further eco. difference, however, is small. -see "extracts from letters of Mr. White to a dis nomy, to about the same amount, had been realized; We have calculated what the grade of the road tant correspondent, Mauch Chunk, 3d me. 5th, for that the mules and drivers were then estimated should be, that the traction necessarily employed in 1830," (p. 171-2, Doc. No. 18.) to cost only 1 1.4 cents per tor, per mile. The state- returning with the empty wagons shall be precisely Much reliance has been placed upon the experiment is as follows: (Scep. 170, Doc. No. 18.) "Cost of hands and anim al power, from the sum-ed wagons, and find it to be about 21 feet per mile, ed from the high velocities of 20 to 30 miles an hour or 1 in 253. At this grade, a horse of medium which were employed in the descent upon this road mit to the end of the road, descending all the way "28 mules go two trips a day, and draw up 42 strength, or a mule, if that animal is preferred, will during two months of the year 1828, and concluof high velocities upon all Railcoal and 7 mule wagens, (to carry down the mules) draw nine wagons, as will appear from the following sions are drawn from thence against the practicabieach trip, &c. going 32 miles a day; the 42 wagons calculation, which will, at the same time, show the lity and expediency the same in amount as that used in drawing the load-ence with regard to the injurious effects that result force of traction to be the same in either direction. ways. Now, this is a Railway upon a very limited To obtain a correct result in the other case, we took scale, peculiarly circumstanced, and very cheaply into the account the gravity of the agent or male, constructed. The way is very narrow, being only three and a half feet in width between the rails, the and we shall do so here likewise. "$1284-134-10 cts. 3584×1300-4884 lbs. wt. of one wagon and its wagons are consequently narrow in proportion, the "for eight miles, or 11.4 cents per ton per mile." load, and the weight of the train of nine wagons is wheels are only two feet in diameter, and some of The cost of this heavy item has, therefore, ac- 43,956 lbs. subject to friction, plus 550 lbs. the wt. them, those of the mule wagons, for instance, only cording to the document, been, through good man- of mule gives 44,506 lbs. the weight of the entire 20 inches, whilst the track is very much curved, agement, decreaserl, since the year 1828, about 50 mass in motion in the descending course, and sub. even with a radius of 160 feet; the iron bars constiper cont. Nor will this be deemed extraordinary, ject to gravity. when we reflect that it is impossible for the human Friction 44,956 divided by 144-306. every contingent circumstance that will have a bear-Take the difference (for the gravity aids) 130. tuting the rails, are thin, narrow and short, having a thickness of three eighths, and various widths fo from 1 1.4 to 2 inches, and they were laid upon cheap wood, which yielded to the pressure. The mind to embrace, in advance, so as to provide for and ware Hudson Canal cheapness of the construction is indicated by thely believed, will ensure more durability, and have as-same character distinguishes it throughout. Every cost, being only $3050 per mile, inclusive of the signed five years as the limit of duration. We have thing is equally well done, and the same care has graduation of those parts that were not laid upon an estimated the annual expense accordingly, at the been bestowed upon those parts, which pass through old turnpike. The wheels were not coned so as to same time having due regard to practicability. It a wild and thinly settled county, that is evident suit the curvatures, nor so as to prevent the flanges may be pertinent here to state that, in the autumn of in the more immediate neighborhood of this city. of the wheels from acting against the rails to the 1830, we visited the line of the Railway of the Dela. Experience has, of course, enabled this to be effectmanifest injury of the wheels and Railway. The Company, situated in Penn ed at much less cost than was incurred in the firet centrifugal force in these curvatures with such velo- sylvania, and observed the operations upon it. At instance, but, in no case has there been a sacrifice cities, doubling the heads of deep ravines, and whirl. Carbondale, we were particularly informed by the of that durability, and excellence of construction, ing round the abrupt protuberances from the preci- engineer and the superintendant in relation to the upon which the continuing utility of the work is to pitous mountain side, was awfully great upon this cost of repairs in the wagon department. Each wa- depend. Since the Railway has been put down upon road, as we have more than once personally experi-gon carried 2 tons of eval; had three feet wheels and the road, every attention has been bestowed upon enced. The number of revolutions for wheels so inside bearings, the body resting upon the axles by maintaining the whole in constant good condition, small in diameter, was, by far, too great for the use- means of cast iron chairs or seats, which, like those so as to prevent the necessity, at any one time, of ful durability of the parts subject to attrition, unless of the old English coal wagon, were not chilled or of large expenditures for delayed repairs, or any in. the journals and boxes had been protected from dust, hardened; consequently elicited the more friction termission in the use of the road, while repairs may and otherwise constructed in the very best manner- and wear and tear. This wagon, however, compar. be going on. In this way the Board feel confi. conditions which cannot have place, it is believed, ed very well with those at Killingworth, England, dent that the annual wear and tear of the road may witn bearings inside of the wheels. Nor would any and had the same friction, to wit, 1.200ths. Their be reduced to an exceedingly small amount; and by velocity secure the advantage of a third trip upon this first cost is $120. road in the same day. Viewing all these conditions, wo should think it exceedingly evident, that rash. Sixth Annual Report of the President and Directors to the Stockholders of the Baltimore and Ohio being equally divided among suoccosiro yoare, ecarcely be felt in estimating the nett revenue of the work. The lateral Railway to Frederick consists now of a single track only, with a turnout and sideling, at about half way between the main branch and the Depot. This is found, as yet, to be sufficient to ac. ness itself would scarcely contend for the higher vo locities here that could safety and profitably be maintained where every part should be planned and form ed upon correct scientific principles, with a view to The period having arrived, when the charter of this commodate the ordinary transportation. The gra. such a result. And where, but in the want of infor- Company again requires that an exposition of its duation, however, has been prepared for two tracks, mation with regard to the philosophy of motion and affairs should be presented to the Stockholders, the whenever they shall be required. forces upon Railways, are we to look for a charita. President and Directors now proceed to make their Upon the the main, from the Monocacy to the ble reason, why the little peculiar Railway under Sixth Annual Report of the condition and prospects Point of Rocks, there is also but one track of consideration, and the operations upon it, should be of the work entrusted to them. rails with sidelings and turnouts. The graduaused as a measure in estimating the value of Rail. The present points of termination of the Baltimore tion, however, is completed for two tracks, and wavs, and the degree of speed adonissible upon then? and Ohio Railroad, are, the City Block, in Baltimore, materials necessary to construct the second have In the first place, the Mauch Chunk Railway is and the Point of Rocks on the Potomac river, a dis- been prepared, and a proportion of them are at conlocated and constructed and traversed in a manner tance of sixty-nine miles; to which must be added venient depots along the line; so that at any time, rondering it impossible that it should approximate in the lateral road to the city of Frederick, three and when the trade and travel require it, this track can its effects, to any thing beyond those of a small ca- ja half miles more, making the whole extent of the be completed within a month from the date of comnal," and its use is suspended nearly one half of the Railroad seventy-two and a half miles. mencing it. Meanwhile, the string pieces and sleepers year, in consequence of the canal, to which it is At the time of presenting the last Annual Report, are seasoning and daily becoming more fit for use. made only an aid, being unnavigable from the effects there had been completed, on the above distance, a There is now completed a distance of seventy-two of frost in that mountain region, er for repairs. In single track of twenty-five miles to the forks of Pa- and a half miles of graduated Railroad, upon which a word, the fate of this railway has been predeter-tapsco; the necessity of using the first laid track of have been laid, including sidelings, rails equal to one mined to be such, that it can at best only belong to a Railway, on the second division, however, to facili- hundred and thirty and a half miles of single track, grade of improvement ranging between turnpike tate the construction of the second track, confined upon the whole of which an active trade is daily roads and canals; and, in the next place, we are told the regular transportation of the company to the carried on. In this distance, every mode of con. with emphasis that in its use it approximates to that first division, between Baltimore and Ellicotts' Mills struction has been tried. The granite and iron rail, of " a small canal," and that, in general, railroads - other parts of the Railway had also been laid the wood and iron on stone blocks, the wood and must be considered as occupying a place intermediate down, but were not then in a condition to be used. iron on wooden sleepers, supported by broken stone, between canals and turnpike roads. The Board had always held out the idea, to the the same supported by longitudinal ground sills, in The useful effect of a horse on the Cumberland Stockholders, that the communication, by the Rail- place of broken stone, the log rail formed of trunk turnpike road, cf a way, and of a horse the on zoad, solangs Alan Luvour 1001 mule on the Mauch Chunk rail. way, would be opened with the city of Fredetish: aferon and supported by wooden sleepers, and the ne reported Baltimore by W. and Woodville, ity of this was doubted by many, yet the great exer wrought iron rail of the English mode, have all been the agent of transportation, and performed chicily tions that were made by the officers, agents, and laid down, and at this time form different portions of with the chilled-bəx car, wiil bo respectively 7 1.4 contractors, in the service of the company, effected the work. In the trade which has passed over this tons, 38 1-2 tons, and 227 1-2 tons, drawn one mile the object, within the time specified, and on the first Railway, every kind of vehicle adapted to Railroad in a day: being in the ratio of the three numbers, 1, day of December last, the Board passed, with a train transportation has been used, and every species of 5 1.3, and 31 1.3; from which it will appear- of cars, over the whole extent of the road to Frede. motive power employed. Heavily loaded cars of 1st. That the animal force of traction is rather rick, and formally opened it, for the transportation granite have been constantly drawn from near to, more than five times as effective on the Mauch of merchandize, and the conveyance of passengers, and beyond Ellicotts' Mills to Baltimore-merchanChunk railway, as it is on the turnpike road be. between the two chief cities of the state. dize has been conveyed at from four to six miles the tween Baltimore and Wheeling, whilst, on the Balti. The Board cannot forbear on this occasion, to no-hour, and passengers at from ten to twelve and more and Ohio railroad, it is 31 times as effective. tico the kind and hospitable reception given to them thirteen by horses; and steam has been tried at 2d. That these effects are about six times as great by the people of Frederick, and the sincere gratifi. every velocity, from ten to twenty miles; and reguon the Baltimore and Ohio railroad as they are on cation which seemed to pervade the entire popula- larly used for a distance of forty miles, to the foot the Mauch Chunk railway; that a mean between tion of that enterprizing city, at the successful re- of the inclined planes, at an average speed of from the Baltimore and Ohio railroad and that turnpikesult of the Company's labors in the completion, thus twelve to fifteen, in the conveyance of passengersbeing 122 tons, conveyed one mile in a day, there far, of the great avenue to the West. so that not only have the modes of construction been fore the Mauch Chunk railway, in this respect, The main stem of the Railway from the Monoca- tested, but the most satisfactory data for ascertainscarcely reaches to one-third of that mean. cy to the Point of Rocks, was not completed, so as to ing the wear and tear of the road are in possession In dismissing this branch of the inquiry, we think permit the regular use of it, until the first of April of the Company. it proper to state, distinctly, that it has been no part last, when a train of cars passed over it, bearing to It is a cause too of no little gratification to the of our purpose to endeavor to show that the affairs Baltimore produce which had descended the Poto- Board to be able to state, that the expenditures, durof the Lehigh coal and navigation company have mac. Since that time several warehouses have been ing the past year, for the construction of the Railbeen mismanaged. Far from it. As pioneers in erected by individuals at the Point of Rocks, taverns, way have fallen considerably within the estimates; the cause of internal improvement, they have done dwellings, and other improvements are rapidly ris- although these, when made, had been considered as much, and their efforts should be duly appreciated. ing there, and the facilities of transferring produce low, with regard to the work to be executed-the Our purpose has only been to exercise our limited from the river to the road, being for the present suf- character of the country, the difficulty of transporefforts defensively, after being driven, as it were, ficient, the boatmen and farmers of the country to tation, the want of labor, and other circumstances, "to the wall," in document No. 18, published and the West upon the Potomac, are resorting more and that did not exist or were not felt, when the limit of circulated throughout the Union at the public ex- more, daily to the Point of Rocks, as the most con- the road was still within a short distance from Baltipense, (the right or propriety of which we do not venient spot from which to reach the Baltimore mar- more. It will be seen from the reports of the super. question,) in essaying to make it evidently appear ket. When to this is added the travel for pleasure intendants of graduation and construction, that the that, whether this Railway had been located, con from Frederick, the proceeds of that part of the main actual cost is $19,912 96 less than the estimates. structed, and managed, properly or improperly, sci. stom between Monocacy and the Point of Rocks are [See Appendix I. & J.] entifically or otherwise, yet the facts attendant upon found to constitute no unimportant item in the gen Under all these circumstances, speculation is no it were such as by no means to justify the erroneous eral receipts of the Company. longer necessary. Facts now stand in the place of conclusions which we apprehended might possibly, After the completion, throughout, of the first opinions-results in place of calculations. And up. if left unnoticed, be drawn from the numerous quo. track of the Railway, to the city of Frederick, the on a full and careful examination, the Board feel no tations and remarks in relation to this Railway, whole disposable force of the Company was employ- hesitation in assuring the Stockholders that the com which appear in that document. ed upon the second track; and the Board have now pletion of the work to its termination on the Ohio, up The period fixed upon for the duration of wagons the satisfaction of announcing to the stockholders, on the plan first contemplated with a double track of upon the Mauch Chunk Railway, is four years, as that the entire line of road from the Depot on Pratt rails, is perfectly practicable within the original estiappears in document No. 18, page 170. In our esti- street, to the Monocacy, is finished with two sets of mate of twenty thousand dollars per mile, excluding, mate of cars, however, for great lines of Railway, raiis. The work has been done in a manner highly in the average, the greater outlay upon the first divi. we have predicated the amount of cost upon superi. satisfactory to the Board, and creditable to those sion of the road, and this too without the sacrifice to ecoor plans of construction, and which, it is confident- immediately entrusted with its execution. The nomy of any one requisite of durability and excellence. |