Antiquities. after rains the water rose to his middle. This place is still called Ellan-na-glach, or the "Stony Island"

The present laird of M'Intosh has a good house, plea santly situated, at the head of the lake. This estate came into the possession of William, the seventh laird of M'Intosh, in the year 1336, being conveyed to him by David bishop of Moray. The Clan Chattan, as already noticed, was a very ancient and powerful clan, consisting originally of sixteen tribes, each having their own chieftain, but all voluntarily united under the government of one leader, of whom the present laird of M'Intosh is the representative. Here is preserved the sword of King James the Fifth, given by that monarch to the captain of Clan Chattan, with the privilege of bearing the king's sword. On the blade is the word "Jesus." It was consecrated and sent to James by Pope Leo the Tenth. As an example of the ancient causes of warfare in the Highlands, we may take notice of the following contest, which occurred in the neighbourhood of Loch Moy, and which is thus related in the History of the Feuds and Conflicts of the Clans: "About the year of God 1341, John Munro, tutor of Foulis, travelling homewards, on his journey from the south of Scotland towards Ross, did repose himself by the way in Strathardle, betwixt St Johnstoun and Athole, where he fell at variance with the inhabitants of that country, who abused him, which he determined to revenge afterward. Being come to Ross, he gathered together his whole kinsmen, neighbours, and followers, and declared unto them how he had been used, and craves their aid to revenge himself, whereunto they yield. Thereupon he singled out 350 of the strongest and ablest men amongst them, and so went to Strathardle, which he wasted and spoiled, killed some of the people, and carried away their cattle. In his return home (as he was passing by the Isle of May with his

prey, M'Intosh, chieftain of the Clan Chattan, sent to Antiquities. him craving a part of the spoil, challenging the same as due to him by custom. John Monro offered to M'Intosh a reasonable portion, which he refused to accept, and would have no less than the half of the whole spoil, whereunto John would not yield: so M'Intosh convening his forces with all diligence, he followed John Monro and overtook him at Clagh-na-hercy, beside Kessack, within one mile of Inverness. John perceiving them coming, sent fifty of his men to Ferrendonnel with the spoil, and encouraged the rest of his men to fight, so there ensued a cruel conflict, when M'Intosh was slain, with most part of his company. Divers of the Monros were also killed, and John Monro left as dead on the field; but after all was appeased, he was taken up by some of the people thereabout, who carried him to their houses, where he recovered of his wounds, and was afterwards called John Back-lauigbe, because he was mutilate of an hand."

In the parish of Ardersier, on the borders of Nairn, is a stone six feet high and three broad. This stone, in the Gaelic language, obtains the name of Cloach-no-cabbac ; Cabbac in the English, or rather Scotch, “Cabbac Stone." Keb-Stone. bac or cabbac signifies a cheese. The report of tradition is, that it was erected there over a chieftain who fell in a battle which originated about a cheese in the town of Inverness. The death of one of the chiefs, at the spot where the stone is erected, put an end to the battle. This story is told by the oldest people in the country, and obtains credit.

mounte

In the parish of Petty are two earthen mounds; one of Circular them close by the churchyard, and the other about 200 yards west from it. They are evidently artificial, the outside being sod or turf, inclosing sand or light earth. They appear to have been exactly circular, contracted a little as they ascend, and quite level on the top. The cir

Antiquities. cumference at the bottom is 150 feet, at the top 120, and

Culloden Moor and battle.

the height is 42. The tradition concerning them is, that they were places for administering justice; so their name imports; for they are called Tom-inbe'it, i. e. "the Court-hill." In the same parish is a great old house, called Castle Stewart, in ruins. It belongs to the Earl of Moray. Around it is a great garden and orchard sheltered by forest trees. The orchard contains a great number of large old trees, bearing the species of small cherry called black and red geens. These geen trees were sent hither from Kent, about a century ago, by Alexander Earl of Moray. On the Spey, on the borders of Banffshire and Morayshire, is the valley called the Haughs of Cromdale, well known over all Scotland by means of a song written in consequence of a battle, in 1690, between the adherents of King William and a party of the supporters of the House of Stuart.

But the most noted spot in this county is that on its eastern corner, near the Moray Frith, called Culloden Moor, where the battle was fought which put an end to the rebellion in 1745. This rebellion was chiefly singular on account of the confusion and alarm which it occasioned throughout the island, when compared with the strength engaged in it. The great chiefs of the Highlands stood almost entirely aloof, such as Grant, Gordon, M'Kenzie, and M'Donald; and the Campbells and others were most zealous against it: only a few gentlemen, the rental of whose estates amounted to no more than L.12,000 per annum, interfered. It is to be observed, however, that these estates now produce L.80,000 per annum. This difference is not merely to be ascribed to the alteration of the value of money, but to the circumstance, that the farms are now let more nearly at rack-rent; whereas, in these times, every chieftain, depending for his safety upon the strength of his clan, was rather a political head or prince,

who derived a revenue or land-tax from his territory, than a Antiquities, proprietor, who endeavoured to obtain from the soil whatever the highest bidder would give. Charles Stuart had arrived in Scotland in very desperate circumstances, and Cameron of Lochiel, his most strenuous supporter, had anxiously in vain endeavoured to dissuade him from an enterprise which must end in the ruin of all his adherents. After the British government had drawn supplies of troops from the continent of Europe, and the rebels, after the battle of Falkirk, found it necessary to retreat to the north, they were followed by an army under the Duke of Cumberland to this quarter. Prince Charles Stuart, on the evening before the engagement, lodged with his principal officers in Culloden House. For some time before, dissensensions had broke out in his army, private quarrels distracted his officers, and a great want of discipline prevailed. The rebels had formed a project to surprise the Duke of Cumberland, and fatigued their army by a night-march through bad ways; at the end of which they found they had arrived too late at the place of their destination, and were under the necessity of returning to their former station. It was between five and six in the morning when they got back to Culloden, fatigued and famished. The men had received no pay for a month, and on the preceding day they had only one biscuit each man. The night-march backwards and forwards had made matters worse, which were bad before. Many of the private men lay down to sleep, and no small number of them made the best of their way to Inverness to seek provisions. In the mean time, notice arrived that the Duke of Cumberland's army was ap proaching. The numbers of the Highlanders, by their own account, were stated at 5000. The royal army amounted to 8811. The rebels drew up their army on Culloden Moor. They had some four-pounders, with

Antiquities which, from behind a park on the right, they began a bout two o'clock to cannonade the Duke's army; but their artillery, if it deserved that name, was so very insignificant and ill served, that it did little execution; while the fire from their enemies was severely felt, and occasioned great disorder. Impatient of this fire, their front line advanced to the attack, and about 500 Highlanders charged the Duke's right wing with the greatest impetuosity. One regiment was disordered by the weight of this column; but two battalions advancing from the second line, soon stopped their career. Finding themselves thus disappointed, they turned their whole force on the left, endeavouring to flank the front line. This design was also defeated by the advancing of Wolfe's regiment, while, in the mean time, the cannon kept playing on thêm with cartridge-shot. General Hawley, assisted by some Highlanders, had opened a passage through the park-wall on the right, through which the horse on the left of the royal army advanced; while the horse on the right, turning the opposite way, dispersed the pretender's corps of reserve, and met those who had come through the wall in the centre. These jointly attacked the front line of the rebels in the rear, which, being repulsed in front, fell into great confusion. A dreadful carnage was made by the cavalry on their backs; notwithstanding which, some part of the foot still preserved their ground; but Kingston's horse, from the reserve, galloping up briskly and charging them, did terrible execution. In a very short time they were totally defeated, and the field covered with the slain. Of the rebels about 2500 were killed, wounded, and taken prisoners, while the royal army only lost about 200 men. During the engagement, the French piquets, who were stationed on the right, did not fire a single shot; but stood perfectly inactive, and afterwards surrendered themselves