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by accepting as genuine these two erroneous figures, was led to quite erroneous conclusions.

PP. 72-3. The parallel for this system of counting by threes and sixes is found in the wergild of Scandinavia, with its rétt of 3 marks, or 6, or 12, the 6 or the 12 aurar, the 12 ells or the 12 feet of vadmal.

For the formula on p. 72 an instructive parallel is found in the Frostathing's Law:-

If a haulld wounds a man, he is liable to pay 6 baugar (rings) to the king, and 12 aurar are in each ring a lendrmann 12,

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a jarl 24, a king 48, 12 aurar being in each ring.

Thus we find in Scandinavia the counterpart of the system of counting found in the "Danish" districts of England, just as we find in Angeln and Ditmarsh the counterpart of the "hide," with its four "yards," found in southern England (Archæologia, xxxvii. 380).

..

p. 122. For the election of juratores we may compare the Abingdon Abbey case, under Henry II.: "ex utroque parte seniores viri eligerentur qui secundum quod eis verum videretur jurarent; segregati qui jurarent diversis opinionibus causam suam confundebant." For juries of eight or sixteen we may compare Jocelin de Brakelonde's narrative of a suit for an advowson in 1191 :"delatum est juramentum per consensum utriusque partis sexdecim legalibus de hundredo."

p. 151. Compare here Mr. Freeman's text (iii. 413-4):— There can be little doubt that William's ravages were not only done systematically, but were done with a fixed and politic purpose.

. It is impossible to doubt that the systematic harrying of the whole country round Hastings was done with the deliberate purpose of provoking the English king. The work was

done with a completeness which shows that it was something more than the mere passing damage wrought by an enemy in need of food.

Domesday is appealed to, as in the Appendix, for this view.

p. 257. Though I have spoken in the text of William de Montfichet, following, like Dugdale, the Liber Niger, I have since found that the tenant of the fief, in 1166, was his son Gilbert, the carta being wrongly assigned in the Liber Niger itself to William. There are similar and instructive errors to be found in it.

p. 312. The succession of Schelin, the Domesday undertenant by his son Robert, in 1095 identifies the former with Schelin, the Dorset tenant-in-chief, from whom Shilling Ockford took its name, and who was succeeded in Dorset also by his son Robert (Montacute Cartulary).

pp. 381-3. To guard (as I have to do at every turn) against misrepresentation, I may explain that the Battle Chronicle is the primary authority I follow for the feigned flight. Its words, "fugam cum exercitu duce simulante," distinctly assert that the Duke himself, with the main body of his army, "turned in seeming flight." It must, surely, be because this evidence is quite opposed to Mr. Freeman's view that he ignored it in his text (pp. 488-490). The essential point to grasp, according to my own view, is that a detachment, told off for the purpose, thrust itself between the pursuing English and the hill to cut off their retreat, and that the main body of the Normans then faced about. The English, one may add, are hardly likely to have ventured down into the plain unless the feigned flight was so general as to make them think they could safely do so.

p. 407. 'Mainly from oral tradition."

course, to Mr. Archer's contention.

This refers, of

p. 469. On the great influence, by their connection, of the Clares see also the Becket Memorials (iii. 43), where Fitz Stephen writes (1163):—

Illi autem comiti de Clara fere omnes nobiles Angliæ propinquitate adhærebant, qui et pulcherrimam totius regni sororem habebat, quam rex aliquando concupierat.

We are reminded here of the curious story in the Monasticon (iv. 608) that, some forty years before, Roheis

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de Clare, the wife of Eudo Dapifer, was, on his death (1120), destined by her brethren for the second wife of Henry I., a story which illustrates, at least, the position attributed to the family.

pp. 472-3. The Montfichet match is not shown in the chart pedigree, nor is the important marriage of Adeliza, another daughter of Gilbert (fitz Richard) de Clare, to Aubrey de Vere, the Chamberlain, which is well ascertained (Geoffrey de Mandeville, pp. 390-392). By him she had inter alios a daughter, with the Clare name of "Rohese," who married Geoffrey de Mandeville, first Earl of Essex (Ibid.). The existence of this Adeliza may be held to be against my affiliation of "Adelidis de Tunbridge," which avowedly is only a conjecture.

p. 475. A chart pedigree is here given to illustrate the connection of Robert fitz Richard (de Clare), through his wife, with the Earls of Northampton and the Scottish kings:

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Robert fitz Richard and his children (see p. 474) are included in this pedigree, in order to show that their ages present no chronological difficulty, and that the length of time they survived him is clearly due to his marrying rather late in life.

p. 513. I have identified a third fine, since this book was

in type, as belonging to the great circuits of 1176. It proves that they began early in the year.

As a corollary to my conclusions on pp. 511-513, I should like to allude to the well-known changes in 1178-80. Great importance is attached to the passage in the Gesta Regis Henrici, which describes how the king selected five justices "de privata familia sua" in the place of the eighteen previously appointed, who, as I read the passage, were to accompany his court. I cannot think that this reform, if it took place, enured, for the central body that we really meet with from 1179 onwards is, it seems to me, distinctly different. It consists of the Bishops of Winchester, Ely, and Norwich, whom, says R. de Diceto, in a passage to which the Bishop of Oxford rightly draws attention, Henry, in 1179, appointed "archijustitiarios regni," with Glanvill, who soon became a chief justiciar with them. These four continue to hold a position severed from that of the other justices, of whom some act with them at one time and some at another. The earliest appearance at present known to me of this well-defined central group is at Oxford, Feb. 11, 1180. We there find the three bishops, associated with five justices, headed by Ranulf Glanvill, recorded on a fine. Now, we happen to know that the king was at Oxford about this very time, for he decided there on the issue of his new coinage.1 His presence would account for this gathering of the four leading justiciars, so that we need not hesitate to connect the two phenomena. We have then here record evidence of the true personnel at the time of the central judicial body, together with the fact of its presence with the king, the fact which had not till now been proved, on his progress through the land.

'So Eyton (p. 230), not giving his authority; nor have I found it.

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Abetot, Urse d': 154, 170-175, 179-
180, 195, 305, 313, 423, 469.
Abingdon Abbey: its knights 221,
305.6.

Airy, Revs. W. and B. R.: 55.
Albini "Brito," William de: 211,
213: his wife, 474-6.

Albini, Henry de: 201, 210, 213, 214.
Nigel de 213, 220.

Alfred: the name of 327: see also Lin-
coln.

Alfred of Espagne (not Spain): 327,

329.

Alfred of Marlborough: 324, 327.
Alneto, Herbert de: 487.
Amiens Custumal of 557.
Andrews, Dr.: 396.

"Anglicus numerus -see Hundred.
Archer, Mr. T. A.: 330, 339, 341,
342, 344-5, 347, 349-352, 368-9,
375, 377, 480, 574; his remark-
able statement 353; champions
Prof. Freeman 390; throws him
over 391-2; contradicts him flatly
393, 399; opposes him wrongly
354-8; his tactics 394, 401-2,
403; his knowledge of Old French
403; on Wace's age and sources
407-8; on his sobriety 409; on
Prof. Freeman's errors 437, 446.
Archers; use of 363, 367 369-372.
"Archijustitiarii," the: 576.
Ardres, the lords of: 462-4.
Armorial bearings: earliest 471, 474.
Arms of England, Royal; 540.
Arques, The relief of: 382-5.
Arundel, Earl of: his carta [1166] 245.
Earldom of: 187.
Assessment, the system of.

573;

Anglo-Saxon 45 $99.; reduced 49-
54, 65; independent of area or
value 63; said to be determined
by area: 87, 90, by value 65,
origin of 91 sqq.

B. H.

Assessment for danegeld 500.

in East Anglia 98-103; in Kent
103 sqq., 109; exemption from 108-
111; changes of 155; of Abingdon
and Worcester Abbeys 170; in
Lindsey 181; see also Vills; Wara.
Auxilium-see Scutage.
Aynho, Northants.: 503-4.

Bainard, Ralf: 461, 475.
Baldwin (de Clare), the Sheriff: 330,
445, 447, 474, 522-3; his sons,
ib. 472-3, 486.

Bampton, Robert of: 483, 486.
Barbery Abbey: 193.

Barnstaple: Fief of 486; Honour of

266.

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