CEDAR MOUNTAIN.

Cedar mountain lies one mile west of Pilot knob, and its ores resemble more closely those of that place than they do any other of the porphyry ores. The porphyry of Cedar mountain does not differ essentially from the typical rock of the St. Francois mountains. Toward the summit, however, there is a tendency toward stratification and in places there is a distinct conglomeratic structure. The color of the conglomerate is the same as that on Pilot knob, and the more slaty rock has the same bluish color due to the scattered flakes of hematite.

In September, 1872, according to Dr. Schmidt, about two acres were stripped of soil. This resulted in showing up two deposits of ore from one to four feet in width and about 100 feet long. These were diligently prospected, but have not yielded any valuable results; the smaller deposits did not, as was hoped, lead to larger veins or beds. The total yield of ore did not exceed 25,000 tons.

The ore from a metallurgical standpoint was fully up to the best of the porphyry ores.

THE SHUT-IN.

Another deposit of specular ore is found in the "Shut-In," east of Ironton, located on the map. According to Prof. Swallow, one of the earliest furnaces for smelting iron was erected at this place in 1815 or 1816. The place takes its name, as already described in this report, from the fact that Stout's creek here cuts through a narrow gorge in the porphyry rocks. The ore occurs in narrow veins running through the porphyry. One vein has been quite thoroughly tested. According to Dr. Litton it is nearly vertical, with a north and south course. The ore is of excellent quality, but, unfortunately, the vein is only Other small veins have been found, but none

about one foot in width.

of very great importance.

THE BUILDING STONES.

By G. E. Ladd.

The building stones of this and the surrounding country have already received quite full treatment by the State Geological Survey in a paper by Mr. G. E. Ladd, published in Bulletin No. 1. Little can now be added to this article; but, inasmuch as a description of the building stones is necessary for the completeness of this report, and,

further, as the edition of Bulletin No. 1 is now exhausted, we repub lish here that part of Mr. Ladd's article which relates to the Iron Mountain sheet:

THE GRANITES.

These rocks have many qualities to recommend them, which are apparent on cursory observation. The colors are excellent, varying from red and pink to gray, while often a contrast between the colors of the constituent minerals yields very beautiful effects. They take a brilliant polish, are very strong and are reasonably durable. Other considerations which make these granites valuable lie in the conditions under which they occur, and these conditions probably hold over extensive areas. The first of these is, that the joint-planes or open seams in the rock are in number and arrangement so happily adjusted as to make the quarrying of the rock easy and economical. The second is that very little "stripping" has to be removed before stone quarrying may be carried on. Further, the stones are easily split by the quarryman, and are easily dressed by the stone-cutter.

The localities where the granite is workable, although not immediately accessible to the railway, can be reached in most cases by switches and tramways. The demand for these granites for building purposes and for paving blocks seems to be constantly growing. The principal markets are St. Louis and Chicago, but the stone has found its way to many distant parts of the United States.

Graniteville. In township 34, N., 3 E., on the southern half of the line dividing sections 10 and 11, are two quarries which have been operated since 1882 by the "Syenite Granite" company. These quarries are probably the largest in the state. They are admirably located on hill slopes, which location permits of their being drained by siphons. The rock is a red granite, exposed in extensive out-crops, generally with a thin cover necessitating little stripping. It is very easily quarried, having a good "bedding" plane, and vertical joint-planes in sufficient quantities to assist the quarryman greatly in setting out stone; and yet not so abundant as to prevent the obtaining of very large blocks. The color of this stone is red or dark pink, mottled with gray and black-the red shades being due to feldspar, the other to a more or less smoky quartz. The rock takes a highly lustrous and handsome polish; but on account of excessive hardness it is very difficult to dress.

The plant consists of a switch about three miles long, which connects the quarries with the Iron Mountain & Southern railway, a locomotive and two stationary engines, two steam travelers, a vertical and lathe polisher, several derricks, steam drills, an office, a store, extensive sheds, work-shops, etc.

The product from 1882 to 1890 was about 250,000 cubic feet of dimension stone, about 5,000,000 paving blocks and a large amount of "rip-rap," which has been used for ballast by the Iron Mountain & Southern railway, and also extensively in the manufacture of granitoid pavement and sidewalk flags.

Among the important structures for which these quarries have supplied stone are the following:

Among the largest pieces of

Whitney Nat. bank..... New Orleans, La.

Morris building.. ..New Orleans, La.

...Dallas, Texas

.Omaha, Neb. Kansas City, Mo.

dimension stone which have been quarried here are: The Allen monument in Pittsfield, Mass., which is 42 ft. high and 41 ft. square at the base, and weighs about 45 tons; the columns in front of the Studebaker building in Chicago, which are ten in number, and are each 18 feet high and 4 feet in diameter, and weigh about 18 tons; and the window sills in a Chicago building on Adams street, between 5th Avenue and Franklin street, which are each 3 feet square by 17 feet 4 inches long.

H. A. Sheahan.-In township 34 N., 3 E., a little south of the Syenite Granite company's quarry, Mr. Sheahan opened a small quarry in August, 1889. The manner of occurrence of the rock, with reference to quarrying, and the character of the stone, is similar to that of the Graniteville quarries. Little work has been done here. No dimension stone has as yet been quarried, and only a few thousand paving blocks have been produced, which were hauled in wagons to Middlebrook for shipment.

Phil. Schneider.-In township 34 N., 3 E., section 10, west half, Mr. Schneider has two granite quarries, which were opened in 1885. They are situated on the slope of a granite ridge where drainage by siphons is possible, and quarrying is easily carried on. The characteristics of the out-crop and of the stone are about the same as those of Graniteville, which have been described above. The plant consists of two stationary engines, a steam traveler, six derricks, three polishers (lathe, vertical and pendulum), a short tramway, blacksmith's shop, office, boarding house, sheds, tools, etc. A railway connection three miles long with the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern railway has been made. The total output to 1890 is about six million paving blocks, in addition to an undetermined amount of dimension stone. Among the important structures for which it has furnished granite are the Lemp building and the Moline and Merchants' bridges, all of St. Louis.

Ozark Mountain.—About a quarter of a mile south of Graniteville is a quarry which was opened in 1869, and which is the oldest granite quarry in Missouri. It is in the same out-crop as the Graniteville quarry, and the stone answers to the same description. The quarry is not now worked, but when in operation, from five to six hundred men have been employed here at one time. Stone from this quarry was used in the construction of the famous Eads bridge across the Mississippi, of the Iilinois and Iowa state-houses, of the St. Louis and Cincinnati custom-houses, and of the Memphis and Little Rock postoffices. The stone taken out was, however, inferior to what can be obtained, as it was mostly surface rock.

Pilot Knob Company.-In township 34 N., 3 E., section 22, center of southern half, there is a very small quarry belonging to the Pilot Knob company, from which a few paving blocks have been quarried. The out-crop of granite is very large here, and it can probably be quarried advantageously for dimension stone, as the joint-planes seem to be so situated as to facilitate quarrying, and yet not to interfere with the production of large blocks. The stone is composed of grains of clear transparent quartz and of crystals of dark pink feldspar, which latter gives it a reddish color. It takes an excellent polish.

THE LIMESTONES.

Limestones exist in these counties in inexhaustible supplies. They are as a rule easily quarried, and some of them dress very readily.

Their best color is a soft buff, although they are also of a dark gray and an almost white color. They seem to be very durable. No attempt has been made to quarry them for any commercial purposes. Locally they are used extensively for foundation bridges, walls, tiling, etc., and a few very handsome dwelling houses have been constructed of them. Cartey and Mann.—In township 33 N., 3 E., section 1, near the center, are several small quarries in the magnesian limestone, which is here covered by about a foot of stripping. The color of the stone is blue in some strata and yellow in others. The yellow variety dresses easily and makes a handsome building stone, but the blue is less easily worked and is less valuable. The strata vary in thickness from 6 inches to 2 feet. The output from these quarries has been small, and has been used mostly for foundations. They furnished stone for one small dwelling house and for Dr. Goulding's hospital, both at Ironton, the latter a handsome edifice.

Hastings. In township 33 N., 4 E., section 5, southeast quarter, is a small quarry in the magnesian limestone. It is situated on the west slope of a hill, where the workable stone is covered with a bed of stripping many feet thick. The color of the stone when fresh is a dark green, which fades to a gray as the stone dries. It is easily dressed and occurs in strata about two feet thick, two or more of which are workable. The output is small and has been used mostly for foundations.

Hollman Bros.-In township 33 N., 3 E., section 27, near Hogan, is a quarry in the magnesian limestone, about 70 feet long, 33 feet wide and 10 feet deep. It is on a hill-side, and is connected with the Iron Mountain & Southern railway by a short switch. The stone occurs in strata, varying from 1 to 14 inches in thickness. Its color is bluish, streaked here and there with drab or yellow. It does not dress easily. The output has been used entirely by the Iron Mountain & Southern railway, in the construction of bridge abutments and culverts.

Russell.—In township 33 N., 4 E., section 5, northeast quarter, is a small quarry in the magnesian limestone. The bed-rock is covered with about 3 feet of stripping of light-red loam. Joint-planes seem too numerous to permit the quarrying of blocks of desirable sizes for dimension work. The colors of the stone are gray and yellow, and black in the case of one non-continous stratum of marble, which has a maximum thickness of 6 inches. The stone is very tough, has numerour veins of calc-spar, and hence, is dressed with difficulty. The product has been used in Ironton and Arcadia for foundation purposes.