he has successfully continued to the present time. He was appointed assistant to the chair of Pathology and Bacteriology at Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, and in 1915 was appointed to his present position as Professor of Pathology at the same institution, and is also Pathologist to the Hospital of this institution. Dr. Murray is Pathologist to St.. Peter's Hospital, Brooklyn, consulting Pathologist to the Brooklyn Eye and Ear Hospital and the Norwegian Hospital of Brooklyn. For many years he was Pathologist to St. Johns' and the Kings County Hospitals of Brooklyn,

Dr. Murray possesses a Van Cott Fellowship in Pathology at the Hoagland Laboratory, Brooklyn. He is a Fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine, a member of the New York Pathological Society; the Society for Serology and Hematology; the Kings County Medical Society; Brooklyn Pathological Society; Brooklyn Medical Association; Associated Physicians of Long Island; Medical Society of the State of New York, and belongs to the Hospital Graduates and Practitioners' clubs, and the Brooklyn Medical Club. Socially, he is a member of the National Arts Club, New York, and the Hamilton Club, Brooklyn. Dr. Murray is a member of the Catholic church. He is unmarried.

RICHARD KALISH, M.A., M.D., Specialist in Ophthalmology, and

former assistant to the chair of Therapeutics at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, is one of New York's leading medical men. A recognized authority in diseases of the eye, Dr. Kalish enjoyed unusual advantages for research and observation in attendance at clinics and lectures in famous medical centers abroad.

Richard Kalish was born in New York City, June 20, 1854, a son of Joseph and Johanna (Banas) Kalish, the father having been an exporter and manufacturer of New York for many years. Richard Kalish received his preliminary education in the public schools of his native city and by private tutors. It was his intention to enter Harvard University, but myopia developed and he was forced to forego the intended university course at this time. Later, however, his eyesight improved sufficiently to enable him to enter Bellevue Hospital Medical College, where he graduated in 1875 with the degree of M.D. After competitive examination he was appointed to the medical staff of Bellevue Hospital, surgical department, where he remained for eighteen months, latterly as house surgeon. Afterwards he engaged in the private practice of his specialty, ophthalmology, in which he has since continued. Dr. Kalish made more than twenty visits. abroad to the leading medical centers of Europe, where he engaged in extensive research and study of his specialty at the noted ophthalmological clinics of London, Paris, Berlin and Vienna. In 1879 Dr. Kalish was appointed assistant attending ophthalmic surgeon to the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, a connection he held for ten years. In 1878 he delivered a course of lectures on therapeutics at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and the same year was appointed assistant to the chair of Therapeutics, remaining until 1890. In 1881 he was

appointed visiting ophthalmic and aural surgeon to the New York City (formerly Charity) Hospital, on Blackwell's Island, continuing in this relation until 1912. At the present time Dr. Kalish is consulting ophthalmic surgeon to the Knickerbocker, St. John's, (Long Island City) Sea View and New York City hospitals. It was at the latter hospital that Dr. Kalish instituted his investigations on the course of cataract of the eye, which terminated in the discovery of a method of checking the progress, and of causing the absorption of unripe cataract. In 1890, before the section of Ophthalmology of the New York Academy of Medicine, he announced this discovery in a paper entitled "The Arrest and Partial Resorption of Immature Cataract with Restoration of the Reading Power." In November of the same year he read another paper before the New York County Medical Society entitled "The Absorption of Immature Cataract by Manipulation Conjoined with Instillation." Both these papers were subsequently published in the "Medical Record" of New York. Dr. Kalish's findings and discovery attracted national interest among medical men, and have been the means of establishing a basis from which spring all plans of treatment instituted to produce a cure of cataract, and obviate the necessity of surgical operation. In addition to the papers mentioned, Dr. Kalish's contributions to medical literature have been extensive and of much importance and value to his profession. Among the more notable are: "Ophthalmic Suggestions for the General Practitioner," (N. Y. Med. Jnl., Oct. 6, 1894); "The Absorption of Uncomplicated Immature Cataract by Conjoined Manipulation and Instillation," (Med. News, Oct. 14, 1899); "Some External Diseases of the Eye due to Rheumatism," (Med. News, April 23, 1904); "Some Ophthalmic Suggestions," (Med. Rec., June 3, 1908); "The External Appearances of the Eyes in their Relation to Life Expectancy,' "(Med. Examiner and Practitioner, August, 1907); "Ocular Syphilis," (Amer. Jnl. of Dermatology, Vol. X, No. VI); "Some Everyday Injuries to the Eyes and What to Do For Them," (Med. Rec., Sept. 18, 1915). Dr. Kalish was secretary, also president of the medical board of the New York City Hospital, and was emeritus member of the board during the years 1901-1916, and has been president of the medical board of St. John's (Long Island City) Hospital since 1911. He is a member of the medical board of the Knickerbocker Hospital, and has been president and for many years a member of the science committee of the Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital.

Dr. Kalish belongs to the scholarly type of physicians who by learning and skill have given so high a prestige to the profession. Of progressive tendencies, he has throughout his life zealously concerned himself in maintaining the high standards of ethical as well as scientific requirements, and in 1899, as president of the Society of Alumni of Bellevue Medical College, presided at the first banquet given by the society, and on this occasion, in his address, called attention for the first time in this country to the need of a licensing board as a safeguard against foreign students, notably Germans, from

practising in this country without proper certification of credentials here. Though his contentions met with opposition, this was the beginning of the agitation which resulted in the creation of the State Board of Examiners in vogue to-day. Dr. Kalish is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association; Medical Society of the State of New York; Greater New York Medical Society; New York County Medical Association; the Northwestern Medical and Surgical Society, was secretary, treasurer and president of same; Medico-Surgical Society; Society of Alumni of New York City (formerly Charity Hospital); the New York Academy of Medicine, and a fellow of the American College of Surgeons. In 1884, in recognition of his eminent service in promoting legislation favoring the higher education of women, the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon Dr. Kalish by Rutgers Female College. Dr. Kalish is a life member of the New York Yacht and Manhasset Bay Yacht clubs. He is also a member of the Manhattan, Quill and National Democratic clubs, the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, and the Presbyterian church.

WILLIAM ELPHINSTONE KEITH MITTENDORF, M. D., Spe

cialist in Diseases of the Eye and Ear, and for many years an instructor in Ophthalmology at the New York Post-Graduate Medical School, was born in New York City, in 1877, a son of William Frederick and Emma (Zeuchina) Mittendorf. The father of Dr. Mittendorf was a prominent New York physician and surgeon, and during his many years of practice in that city held appointments as surgeon at the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, and was Ophthalmic Surgeon at Bellevue Hospital.

William E. K. Mittendorf, after completing his classical education, entered upon the study of medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, graduating in 1898 with the degree of M.D. He then went abroad where he took post-graduate courses, and spent one year in close study and research at the University of Wurzberg, Germany. In 1900 he engaged in the private practice of his specialties in New York City, where he has continued successfully to the present time. For a period of fourteen years Dr. Mittendorf has been a member of the visiting staff of the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, and for three years was an Instructor in Ophthalmology at the New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital. Dr. Mittendorf is recognized as an authority in his specialties, diseases of the eye and ear, and has also undertaken extensive research in Vaccine Therapy in Gonorrheal Ophthalmia and other ophthalmic diseases. Dr. Mittendorf is a member of the Medical Society of the State of New York, and the County Medical Association; socially he is a member of the Princeton Club and Army and Navy Club. During the Spanish-American War Dr. Mittendorf saw national military service as acting assistant surgeon of the United States Army, and in 1911 he became a member of the Medical Re