Course of Civil Engineering: Comprising Plane Trigonometry, Surveying, and Levelling. With Their Application to the Construction of Common Roads, Railways, Canals ...S.J. Machen, 1843 |
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... stones Rail - roads 5358582 51 57 59 61 68 72 74 96 100 • Tram - roads Arrangements for passing from one track to another Turn - tables Laying out curves on rail - roads 127 130 131 135 Laying out curves in a tunnel Method of ...
... stones Rail - roads 5358582 51 57 59 61 68 72 74 96 100 • Tram - roads Arrangements for passing from one track to another Turn - tables Laying out curves on rail - roads 127 130 131 135 Laying out curves in a tunnel Method of ...
Page 39
... stone , & c . would answer the purpose . The locality of these bench - marks should be well described in the field - book , that no doubt may afterwards arise about their identity . Whenever you change your direction , the angle it ...
... stone , & c . would answer the purpose . The locality of these bench - marks should be well described in the field - book , that no doubt may afterwards arise about their identity . Whenever you change your direction , the angle it ...
Page 64
... stone road , upon a rough pave- ment foundation 46 5. On a broken stone surface , upon a bottoming of concrite formed of Parker's cement and gravel Here it may be seen , that in the first case , the angle of friction is represented by ...
... stone road , upon a rough pave- ment foundation 46 5. On a broken stone surface , upon a bottoming of concrite formed of Parker's cement and gravel Here it may be seen , that in the first case , the angle of friction is represented by ...
Page 66
... stone quarries or gravel pits convenient to the line , the number and magnitude of all the streams and rivers to be passed , the extent of bog or moor to be passed over , & c . It has been said before , that in crossing a valley it is ...
... stone quarries or gravel pits convenient to the line , the number and magnitude of all the streams and rivers to be passed , the extent of bog or moor to be passed over , & c . It has been said before , that in crossing a valley it is ...
Page 69
... stone or brick , with a smooth flagged bottom , and sides of rubble or brick masonry . The top then should be flagged . Cross mitre - drains are made at intervals of 60 yards from each other , under the road - way . The plan of these ...
... stone or brick , with a smooth flagged bottom , and sides of rubble or brick masonry . The top then should be flagged . Cross mitre - drains are made at intervals of 60 yards from each other , under the road - way . The plan of these ...
Common terms and phrases
acres angle of friction answer ascertain boat bottom breadth broken stones calculated canal carriage centre centrifugal force chain column considerable construction convey curvature curve datum line deep depth diameter difference of level direction distance drainage Dublin earth edge-rail effect embankment employed engineer equal excavations expense fall feet force friction grass gravel ground height horizontal horse improvement inches inclination inclined plane injurious instrument Ireland labour laid lake land length Let us suppose levelling instrument load locks Lough Beg Lough Neagh lower main drain manure means ment miles moss necessary observed pass plane plough Portglenone practice pressure prevent produce quantity of water rail rail-roads railway refraction render reservoirs right angles river river Dodder road shews side sixth column slope sods soil speed staff station stratum stream subsoil sufficient supply surface telescope theodolite tion town track upper velocity vertical wheels yards
Popular passages
Page 188 - ... the height of every embankment, and the depth of every cutting, and a datum horizontal line which shall be the same throughout the whole length of the work, or any branch thereof respectively, and shall be referred to some fixed point stated in writing on the section, near some portion of such work, and, in the case of a canal, cut, navigation, public carriage road, or railway, near either of the termini.
Page 75 - All the irregularities of the upper part of the said pavement are to be broken off by the hammer, and all the interstices to be filled with stone chips firmly wedged or packed by hand with a light hammer, so that when the whole pavement is finished there shall be a convexity of four inches in the breadth of fifteen feet from the centre.
Page 176 - ... boat is 4320 cubic feet, and in ascertaining what water may be necessary for supplying the canal, allowing for waste by evaporation and soakage, it is found (according to the number of boats that may be expected to pass), that there will not be above 800 cubic feet for each ; and hence, it is added, it will be necessary to save five-sixths of the whole ; to do which ten cisterns are directed to be made, each of which must be one foot deep, and each have a surface of 360 feet superficial. The...
Page 75 - The middle 18 feet of pavement is to be coated with hard stones to the depth of 6 inches. Four of these 6 iuches to be first put on and worked in by carriages and horses, care being taken to rake in the ruts until the surface becomes firm and consolidated, after which the remaining 2 inches are to be put on.
Page 151 - ... down again, a portion of a continuous flexible valve or flap, of peculiar construction, covering the aperture ; and it is the very simple, ingenious, and efficient mode of successively opening, and closing down and hermetically sealing this valve, as each train advances and moves on, that constitutes the merit of the invention, and the foundation of the patent ; the operation consisting first, in opening the valve to admit the free admission of the external air, to press on the back of the piston,...
Page 75 - Four of these six inches to be first put on, and worked in by carriages and horses ; care being taken to rake in the ruts until the surface becomes firm and consolidated, after which the remaining two inches are to be put on.
Page 243 - Europe occupy the place of immense forests of pine and oak, which have many of them disappeared within the historical era. Such changes are brought about by the fall of trees and the stagnation of water, caused by their trunks and branches obstructing the free drainage of the atmospheric waters, and giving rise to a marsh.
Page 2 - Also one place is higher than another, or out of level with it, when it is farther from the centre of the earth : and a line equally distant from that centre, in all its points, is called the line of true level. Hence, because the earth is round, that line must be a curve, and make a part of the earth's circumference, or at least be parallel to it, and concentrical with it ; as the line BCFG, which has all its points equally distant from A,.
Page 240 - A velocity of six inches will lift fine sand, eight inches will lift sand as coarse as linseed, twelve inches will sweep along fine gravel, twentyfour inches will roll along rounded pebbles an inch diameter, and it requires three feet per second at the bottom to sweep along shivery angular stones of the size of an egg.
Page 75 - Upon the level bed prepared for the road materials, a bottom course, or layer of stones, is to be set by hand, in form of a close firm pavement ; the stones set in the middle of the road are to be 7 inches in depth ; at 9 feet from the centre, 5 inches ; at 12 feet from the centre, 4 inches ; and at 15 feet, 3 inches.