kalends of July [1st July]; he was before that abbat of Reculver. There were then two kings in Kent, Withred and Webheard [Suaebhard].

A.D. 693. This year Berthwald was consecrated' archbishop, by Guodun, bishop of the Gauls, on the 5th of the nones of July [29th June]. At this time Gefmund, bishop of Rochester, died, and archbishop Bryhtwald consecrated Tobias in his place; and Dryhtelm departed this life.

A.D. 694. This year the Kentish-men compounded with Ine, and gave him thirty thousand pounds for his friendship, because they had formerly burned Mul. And Wihtred succeeded to the kingdom of the Kentish-men, and held it thirty-three years.' Wihtred was the son of Ecgbryht, Ecgbryht of Erconbryht, Erconbryht of Eadbald, Eadbald of Aethelbryht.

'As soon as he was king, he commanded a great council to be assembled at the place which is called Baccancelde, in which sat Wihtred, king of the Kentish-men, and Brihtwald, the archbishop of Canterbury, and Tobias, bishop of Rochester, and with them were assembled there abbats and abbesses, and many wise men, all to consult about the bettering of God's churches in Kent. Now began the king to speak, and said, "It is my will that all the minsters and the churches that were given and bequeathed to the glory of God in the days of faithful kings, my predecessors, and in the days of my kinsmen, of king Aethelbert and those who followed after him, do so remain, to the glory of God, and firmly continue so to all eternity for evermore. For I, Wihtred, an earthly king, instigated by the King of heaven, and burning with the zeal of righteousness, have learned this from the institutes of our forefathers, that no layman has a right to possess himself of a church, nor of any of the things which belong to the church. And hence strictly and faithfully do we appoint and decree, and in the name of the Almighty God and of all saints, we forbid to all kings our successors, and to ealdormen,' and all laymen, any lordship whatever over the churches, and over all their possessions, which I, or my elders, have formerly given as an everlasting inheritance, to the glory of Christ and of our lady St. Mary, and of the holy apostles. And observe, when it shall happen that a bishop, or an abbat, or an abbess, shall depart this life, let it be made known to the archbishop,

1 With the exception of the notice of Dryhthelm, which is from D. E., this year is from D. E. F. See Eccl. Hist. V. viii.

2 Here D. recommences. Eccl. Hist. V. xii.

3 Godune, E. F.

F. reads "thirty thousand pounds," both in its Saxon and Latin text; C. "thirty pounds;" "thirty men," A. G.; "thirty thousand," D. E. The reading of MSS. B. and F. however excessive the sum may appear, has been placed in the text, because, unlike the "thirty men" of A. G, or the "thirty thousand" of D. E. it is intelligible without having recourse to conjecture. The payment, whatever its amount may have been, was probably the legal compensation for the death of Mul... Of the early Latin writers, Ethelweard says, it was 30,000 solidi, "per singulos constanti numero sexdecim nummis;" Florence of Worcester, 3,750 pounds; and Malmesbury, 30,000 mancuses, which, at eight to the pound, would agree with Florence.-P.

6 See Eccl. Hist. V. xxiii.

7 "Three-and-twenty," E. The remainder of the year is not in this copy. From F. See Kemble's Saxon Charters, No. 996.

and by his counsel and advice, let such an one be chosen as shall be worthy. And let the archbishop inquire into the life and purity of him who is chosen to such a duty, and in nowise let any one be consecrated to such an office without the counsel of the archbishop. It is the duty of kings to appoint earls and ealdormen,' shire-reeves, and doomsmen, and the archbishop shall instruct and advise the church of God; and bishops, and abbats, and abbesses, priests and deacons, to choose, and place, and consecrate, and stablish them by good precepts and example, lest any of God's flock go astray and be lost. A.D. 695, 696.

"

A.D. 697. This year the South-humbrians slew Ostrythe, Aethelred's queen, Ecgferd's sister.

A.D. 698.

A.D. 699. This year the Picts slew Beorht, the "ealdorman." A.D. 700, 701.

A.D. 702. This year Cenred succeeded to the kingdom of the South-humbrians.

A.D. 703. This year bishop Hedde died, and he held the bishopric at Winchester twenty-seven years.

A.D. 704. This year Aethelred, the son of Penda, king of the Mercians, became a monk, and he had held the kingdom twentynine years; then Coenred succeeded to it.

A.D. 705. This year Aldferd, king of the North-humbrians, died,' at Driffield, on the 19th of the kalends of January [14th Dec.]: and bishop Seaxwulf. Then Osred, his son, succeeded to the kingdom. A.D. 706-708.

A.D. 709.' This year bishop Aldhelm" died; he was bishop on the west of Selwood; and in the early days of Daniel the land of the West-Saxons was divided into two bishop-shires, and before that it had been one; the one Daniel held, the other Aldhelm. After Aldhelm, Forthhere succeeded to it. And king Ceolred succeeded to the kingdom of the Mercians; and Coenred went to Rome, and Offa" with him. "And Coenred was there till the end of his life. And the same year bishop Wilferth " died at Oundle, and his body was carried to Ripon; he was bishop fortyfive years; him king Egferth had formerly driven away to Rome. A.D. 710. This year Acca, Wilfrid's priest, succeeded to the

13

2 D. E. See Ibid.

1 D. E. F. See Beda's epitome. 3 D. E. F. This is apparently a different and anticipated account of Coenred's succession, as related under the year 704; but as these copies there also notice the resignation of Ethelred, it is retained in the text.-P.

See Eccl. Hist. V. xviii. As we know that Hedde died in 705, we hence learn that the Chronicle here antedates its entries by two years. B. and C. give him a pontificate of thirty-seven years. 6 See Beda's epitome.

7 The place and date of his death are from D. E. See Eccl. Hist. V. xviii. From D. E. F.

9 A.D. 708, C. erroneously for 709, and in consequence of this mistake each succeeding year to 721 has been made one short by erasure.

10 Aldhelm was bishop of Sherburn, and Daniel, of Winchester.

11 Offa was king of the East Saxons.

12 The conclusion of the sentence is from D. E.

13 To the end of the year from D. E. F.

14 Wilfred, the celebrated bishop of Hexham.

15 See Eccl. Hist. V. xx. The entry concerning Acca is from D. E. F.

bishopric which before he had held; and the same year Beorhtfrith the "ealdorman" fought against the Picts,' between Haefe and Caere. And Ine, and Nun his kinsman, fought against Gerent, king of the Welsh; 'and the same year Sigbald was slain.

A.D. 711-713.

A.D. 714. This year St. Guthlac died, and king Pepin.*

A.D. 715. This year Ine and Ceolred fought at Wodnesbeorg [Wanborough]. This year died king Dagobert.

7

A.D. 716. This year Osred, king of the North-humbrians, was slain on the southern border; he had the kingdom seven years after Aldferth; then Coenred succeeded to the kingdom, and held it two years, then Osric, who held it eleven years; and the same year Ceolred, king of the Mercians, died, and his body lies at Lichfield, and Aethelred's, the son of Penda, at Bardney. Then Aethelbald succeeded to the kingdom of the Mercians, and held it forty-one years. Aethelbald was the son of Alweo, Alweo of Eawa,' Eawa of Pybba, whose genealogy is written before. And that pious man, Ecgbryht, converted the monks in the island of Hii to the right faith, so that they observed Easter duly, and the ecclesiastical

tonsure.

A.D. 717.

A.D. 718." This year Ingild, the brother of Ine, died; and their sisters were Cwenburh and Cuthburh. And Cuthburh built the monastery at Winburn; and she was given in marriage to Aldferth, king of the North-humbrians; but they separated during his lifetime.

A.D. 719, 720.

A.D. 721." This year bishop Daniel went to Rome; and the same year Ine slew Cynewulf, the etheling. And" this year the holy bishop John" died; he was bishop thirty-three years, eight months, and thirteen days; and his body rests at Beverley.

A.D. 722." This year queen Aethelburh razed Taunton, which Ine had previously built; and Aldbyrht, the exile, departed into Surrey and Sussex, and Ine fought against the South-Saxons. A.D. 723, 724.

15

A.D. 725. This year Withred, king of the Kentish-men, died, on1 the 9th of the kalends of May [23d April]; he reigned thirty-four" years; his genealogy is above:"and" Eadberht succeeded to the kingdom of Kent; and Ine fought against the South-Saxons, and there slew Aldbryht," the etheling, whom he before had driven into exile.

1 The conclusion of the sentence is not in A. B. C. G.

2 D. E. to the end of the sentence.

♦ These three words from F.

• From F.

8 8, D.; 4, G.; more correctly eleven.

Eapa. Eapa, G.

11 A.D. 720, C.

3 Hygbald, E.

A.D. 714, C.

7 See Eccl. Hist. V. xxii.

10 A.D. 717, C.

12 D. E. F.

13 John of Beverly, bishop of York. See Eccl. Hist. V. vi. 14 Not in F.

16 As far as "years," from D. E.F.

18 See A.D. 694.

15 See Eccl. Hist. V. xiii.

17 Thirty-three years, F.

19 The succession of Eadberht is inserted in A. from F.

20 To the end of the year from D. E.

A.D. 726.

A.D. 727.' This year Tobias, bishop of Rochester, died, and in his place archbishop Brithwold consecrated Aldulf bishop.

A.D. 728. This year Ine went to Rome, and there gave (up) his life, and Aethelheard, his kinsman, succeeded to the kingdom of the West-Saxons, and held it fourteen years. And the same year Aethelheard and Oswald, the etheling, fought; and Oswald was the son of Aethelbald, Aethelbald of Cynebald, Cynebald of Cuthwin, Cuthwin of Ceawlin.

A.D. 729. This year the star (called) a comet appeared, and St Ecgbyrht died' in Îi.

A.D. 729. And the same year Osric died; he was king eleven years: then Ceolwulf succeeded to the kingdom, and held it eight years.

A.D. 730. This year Oswald, the etheling, died.

A.D. 731. This year Osric, king of the North-humbrians, was slain, and Ceolwulf succeeded to the kingdom, and held it eight years, and Ceolwulf was the son of Cutha, Cutha of Cuthwin, Cuthwin of Leodwald, Leodwald of Ecgwald, Ecgwald of Aldhelm, Aldhelm of Ocga, Ocga of Ida, Ida of Eoppa. And archbishop Beorhtwald died on the ides of January [13th January]; he' was bishop thirty-seven years, six months, and fourteen days. And the same year Tatwine was consecrated archbishop; he had been before a priest at Breodun, among the Mercians. Daniel, bishop of Winchester, and Ingwald, bishop of London, and Aldwin, bishop of Lichfield, and Aldwulf, bishop of Rochester, consecrated him on the 10th of June: he had the archbishopric three years.

A.D. 732.

A.D. 733. This year Aethelbald conquered Somerton; and the sun was eclipsed," and the whole disc of the sun was like a black shield. "And Acca was driven from his bishopric.

A.D. 734. This year the moon was as if it had been sprinkled with blood; and archbishop Tatwine and Beda died," and Ecgberht was consecrated bishop.

A.D. 735.13 This year bishop Ecgberht received his pall at Rome. A.D. 736. This year archbishop Nothelm received his pall from the bishop of the Romans."

A.D. 737. This year bishop Forthere," and queen Frythogith went to Rome. "And king Ceolwulf received Peter's tonsure," and gave his kingdom to Eagberht, his uncle's son; he reigned twenty-one years; and bishop Aethelwold and Acca died, and Conwulf was

1 D. E. F. See Eccl. Hist. V. xiii. 3 D. E.

D. E. F. after 3.

2 A.D. 726, C. D. E. F. 5 Not in B. C.

As far as Eoppa, not in E. F. See Eccl. Hist V. xxiii.

7 The date of his death and the duration of his episcopate are from D. E. F. 8 As far as "June" from D. E. F. 9 F.

10 The remainder of the sentence from F.

11 D. E. F.

12 D. E. F.

13 D. E. F.

14 Namely, Gregory III. A Latin addition in F. states that he held his see for five years.

15 Forthere was bishop of Winchester, and Frythogith was queen of Wessex. 16 D. E. F.

17 Not in F. as far as "twenty-one years."

consecrated bishop. 'And the same year king Aethelbald laid waste the land of the North-humbrians.

A.D. 738. This year Eadbryht, the son of Eata, Eata being the son of Leodwald, succeeded to the kingdom of the North-humbrians, and held it twenty-one years. His brother was archbishop Egbert, the son of Eata; and they both rest in one porch, in the city of York.

A.D. 739, 740.

A.D. 741. This year king Aethelheard died, and Cuthred, his kinsman, succeeded to the kingdom of the West-Saxons, and held it sixteen years; and he contended strenuously against Ethelbald, king of the Mercians. And archbishop Nothelm died, and Cuthbyrht was consecrated archbishop; and Dun bishop to Rochester. "This year York was burnt.

A.D. 742. This year a great synod was held at Cloveshou; and there was Aethelbald, king of the Mercians, and archbishop Cuthbert, and many other wise men.

A.D. 743. This year Aethelbald, king of the Mercians, and Cuthred, king of the West-Saxons, fought against the Welsh.

A.D. 744. This year Daniel gave up the see of Winchester, and Hunferth succeeded to the bishopric: and' stars were seen to shoot rapidly;" and Wilferth the younger, who was bishop of York, died on the 3d of the kalends of May [29th April]; he was bishop thirty years.

A.D. 745. This year Daniel died: then forty-three years11 had elapsed since he obtained the bishopric.

A.D. 746. This year king Selred was slain.

A.D. 747.

A.D. 748. This year Cynric, the etheling of the West-Saxons, was slain and Eadbyrht, king of the Kentish-men, died; "and Aethelbyrht, the son of king Wihtred, succeeded to the kingdom. A.D. 749.

A.D. 750. This year Cuthred, king of the West-Saxons, fought against Ethelhun, the proud ealdorman.

A.D. 751.

13

A.D. 752. This year Cuthred, king of the West-Saxons, in the twelfth year of his reign, fought at Burford against Aethelbald, king of the Mercians, and put him to flight.

A.D. 753. This year Cuthred, king of the West-Saxons, fought against the Welsh.

1 D. E.

in F.

The descent of Eata from Leodwald and the duration of his reign are not 740, C. D. E. F. "Twenty-six years," B. C.

4 "His kinsman," D. E.

• The notice of the death of Nothelm is from F.

7 D. E, 741.

From F. The Saxon notices from this time to the year 754 have been erased from this MS. to make room for the Latin.

To the end of the year from D. E.

10 Wilfrid the second, archbishop of York, is apparently confounded with the bishop of Worcester of the same name. The former was succeeded by Egbert in 734. See A. 734 and 776, and Beda, Eccl. Hist. V. xxiii.

11 46, E. See A.D. 703.

12 This is an insertion in A.

13 22, E.