the natural demand for certain "stock" documents of vital importance, we hope to introduce much fresh and novel matter It is our intention that the majority of the extracts should be lively in style that is, personal, or descriptive, or rhetorical, or even strongly partisan-and should not so much profess to give the truth as supply data for inference. We aim at the greatest possible variety, and lay under contribution letters, biographies, ballads and poems, diaries, debates, and newspaper accounts. Economics, London, municipal, and social life generally, and local history, are represented in these pages. The order of the extracts is strictly chronological, each being numbered, titled, and dated, and its authority given. The text is modernised, where necessary, to the extent of leaving no difficulties in reading. We shall be most grateful to teachers and students who may send us suggestions for improvement. S. E. WINBOLT. NOTE TO THIS VOLUME ("449❞—1066) THE following extracts have been taken, where possible, from contemporary authorities. I have attempted to make this selection in some degree a companion book to the late Dr. Thomas Hodgkin's Volume I. in Messrs. Hunt and Poole's Political History of England—a book to which my obligations are great, as the reader may easily perceive. I am responsible for the translations marked "W." I am greatly indebted to Mr. E. Barker, of New College, and Mr. W. H. Stevenson, of St. John's College, Oxford, who have very kindly looked through the proofs, and corrected many blunders. A brief note on the chief authorities for the period has been added. JOHN E. W. WALLIS. SAYERS FARM, Two MILE ASH, HORSHAM, September, 1913. CALIFORNIA THE WELDING OF THE RACE ("449 ❞—1066) THE COMING OF THE ENGLISH ("449 "). I. CONTEMPORARY EVIDENCE. Source.-Chronica Gallica, written up to 511, probably early in the sixth century. Mon. Germ. Hist., Auct. Antiq., ix., 2, pp. 653, 660. THE sixteenth year of Arcadius and Honorius [i.e., A.D. 410]: at this time the strength of the Romans was utterly wasted by sickness, and the provinces of Britain were laid waste by the incursion of the Saxons. The eighteenth year of Theodosius II. [i.e., A.D. 441]: the provinces of Britain, which up to this time had been torn by various slaughters and disasters, are brought under the dominion of the Saxons. Source.-Constantius, Life of St. Germanus, written about a.D. 480, quoted by Bede, bk. i., c. 20. Translated by J. A. Giles. Bohn's Antiquarian Library. A.D. 429.-In the meanwhile the Saxons and the Picts, driven into one camp by the same necessity, with conjoined force undertook war against the Britons, who, thinking themselves unequal to their enemies, implored the assistance of the holy bishops; who, hastening to them as they had promised, inspired so much confidence into these fearful people, that one would have thought they had been joined 449-1066 I by a mighty army. Thus, by these apostolic leaders, Christ Himself commanded in their camp. The holy days of Lent were also at hand, and were rendered more sacred by the presence of the bishops, insomuch that the people being instructed by daily sermons, resorted in crowds to be baptised; for most of the army desired admission to the saving waters; a church was prepared with boughs for the feast of the Resurrection of our Lord, and so fitted up in that martial camp, as if it were in a city. The army advanced, still wet with the baptismal water; the faith of the people was strengthened; and whereas human power had before been despaired of, the Divine assistance was now relied upon. The enemy received advice of the state of the army, and not questioning their success against an unarmed multitude, hastened forwards, but their approach was, by the scouts, made known to the Britons; the greater part of whose forces being just come from the font, after the celebration of Easter, and preparing to arm and carry on the war, Germanus declared he would be their leader. He picked out the most active, viewed the country round about, and observed, in the way by which the enemy was expected, a valley encompassed with hills. In that place he drew up his inexperienced troops, himself acting as their general. A multitude of fierce enemies appeared, whom as soon as those that lay in ambush saw approaching, Germanus, bearing in his hands the standard, instructed his men all in a loud voice to repeat his words, and the enemy advancing securely, as thinking to take them by surprise, the priests three times cried Hallelujah. A universal shout of the same word followed, and the hills resounding the echo on all sides, the enemy was struck with dread, fearing, that not only the neighbouring rocks, but even the very skies were falling upon them; and such was their terror, that their feet were not swift enough to deliver them from it. They fled in disorder, casting away their arms, and well satisfied if, with their naked bodies, they could escape the danger; many of them, in their precipitate and hasty flight, were swallowed up by the river which they were passing. |