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Order IV. SCOLOCES.

ANNELIDES ABRANCHES SETIGÈRES, Cuv. Règ. Anim. iii. 209.
ANNELIDES LUMBRICINE, Savig. Syst. Annel. 99.

LOMBRICINÉS, Blainv. Princip. d'Anat. Comp. i. tab. 7 (1822).
LOMBRICINI, Latr. Fam. Nat. 246.

LUMBRICINA, Macleay in Murchison's Silurian System, ii. 699
(1839); and in Ann. Nat. Hist. iv. 385.

ANNELIDES TERRICOLES, Audouin & Milne-Edwards, Litt. de la
France, ii. 50; and in Lam. An. s. Vert. 2de édit. v. 513.
ABRANCHIA SETIGERA, Fleming in Encyclop. Brit. 7th edit. xi. 222.
ANNELIDA TERRICOLA, Jones, Anim. Kingd. 189. 201.

ANNELIDES TERRICOLES OU ABRANCHES SETIGÈRES, Milne-
Edwards, Elem. Zool. 2de édit. ii. 225.

SCOLEIDES, M.-Edwards sec. E. Blanchard in Ann. des Sc. nat. viii.
134 (1847).

OLIGOCHAETA, Grube, Fam. Annelid. 27.

Char. Body vermiform, distinctly segmented, the segments without any soft appendage, but furnished with spines or spinets or setaceous bristles partially retractile: head either undefined or marked by its form, without any appendages: mouth inferior, emaxillary: no external organs of respiration: blood red, yellow, or rarely colourless: anus terminal: sexual pores in pairs, placed forwards on the venter on each side of the mesial line. Terricolous, dwelling in moist earth or in mud saturated with water, which they swallow and from which they extract their food. Hermaphroditical. Oviparous or multiplying by spontaneous division. Capable of reproducing amputated portions. No metamorphosis. A few excrete a phosphorescent fluid; and the skin of a few is iridescent. The bristles are always simple, and solitary or fasciculate.

The following is a synopsis of the British genera :—

Tribe I. LUMBRICINA.

Head indistinct: all the segments, excepting the first, armed with

setæ.

Family I. LUMBRICIDE. Terrestrial or burrowing in the mud covered with fresh water.

1. Lumbricus. Setæ single, 8 to each segment, quadriserial.

2. Enchytræus. Setæ quadriserial, 3-4 in a fascicle : blood colour

less.

3. Sænuris. Setæ quadriserial, 3-9 in a fascicle: blood red.

Family II. LITTORELES. Littoreal, burrowing in wet mud mixed with sand.

4. Clitellio. Setæ quadriserial, fasciculate: the body with a white clitellus.

5. Valla. Segments armed with setaceous bristles in four fasciculate series; the 10th segment with strong spines.

Tribe II. NAIDINA.

Head distinct from the body, the first three or four segments without bristles.

Family III. NAIDES. The only family.

6. Proto.

dages.

* The four front segments without superior setæ.

Anal extremity with digitiform (branchial?) appen

7. Stylaria. Oral extremity produced into a style.

8. Serpentina. Ophiocephalous: anal extremity naked.

9. Naïs. Head continuous with the body: oral extremity truncate, the anal rounded, obtuse.

**All the segments without superior setæ.

10. Chatogaster.

IV. SCOLOCES.

I. LUMBRICINA.

Fam. I. LUMBRICIDE.

LUMBRICUS, Linn. Syst. 1076. Müll. Verm. i. ii. 24.
LES LOMBRICS, Cuv. Règn. Anim. iii. 209.
LES ECHIURÉES, Lam. An. s. Vert. v. 297.
LUMBRICI, Savig. Syst. Annel. 100 & 103.

LUMBRICINA, Blainville in Dict. des Sc. nat. lvii. 493.
EARTH-WORMS, Derham, Phys. Theol. 223 & 393.

Obs. Oersted has separated the Lumbricidæ into two families,the Terricolæ and the Lumbricillæ. The Terricolæ embrace the larger and fleshier, and hence the comparatively opake, species, which are further distinguished by the spines being solitary in their insertion, short, straight, subulate, and only a little protruded. The Lumbricillæ are subpellucid, living in the wet mud of rivulets or on the sea-shore. The bristles are two or more in a common insertion, hooked or subulate, and protruded to a greater length. The Terricolæ burrow in the earth and trail with difficulty along the surface; but the more vivacious Lumbricillæ partly creep and partly swim. On a first glance these characters seem distinctive enough; but, I believe, it will be found impossible to sustain the separation of the families in practice.

In this tribe it seems necessary to distinguish three sorts of Bristles(1) the Spine distinguished by being tapered from an obtuse base to a point slightly bent (Woodcut No. 1. fig. 1); (2) the Spinet by being slightly bent and pointed at both ends (fig. 2); and the Bristle proper (fig. 5) which is slender and setaceous like a hair. The latter are always fasciculate.

1. LUMBRICUS.

Lumbricus, Linn. Syst. x. 647. Cuv. Règ. Anim. iii. 209. Lam. An. s. Vert. v. 298. Schweig. Handb. 590. Blainville in Dict. des Sc. nat. lvii. 494. Leach in Supp. Encyclop. Brit. i. 451. Dugès in Ann. des Sc. nat. xv. 289. Hoffmeister, Regenw. 4. Williams in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1851, 218.

Enterion, Savig. Syst. Annel. 103.

Char. Body vermiform, distinctly annulated, with narrow nearly equal segments, the first (head) small, lobe-like, retractile within the

second, and overlooking the wide circular mouth, which is furnished with a very short proboscis: segments furnished with eight spines and spinets in four pairs, two on each side and two on the venter :

[blocks in formation]

sexual orifices opening on the ventral surface of segments anterior to the clitellus clitellus distinct, formed by the thickening and coalescence of several segments: anus a longitudinal cleft in the small terminal segment. Blood-red: stomach muscular: oviparous, the eggs capsulated: terrestrial.

1. L. terrestris, clitellus of six segments; vulvæ on the 16th; upper lip mammillate; second or buccal segment with two impressed furrows behind the snout extended from margin to margin; tail flattened, spathulate. Length 8-10".

B. The furrows on the second segment connected by a line thus |-·
Lumbricus major, Mouf. Theat. Insect. 178. Raii Hist. Insect. i.
Vermes terrestres majores, Merr. Pin. 206.
Earth-worm, Sibb. Scot. Illust. ii. 3. 33.

Lumbrici terrestres vulgares, qui matutino tempore bini conjuncti
passim observantur, Dew-Worms Anglice dicti, Raii Hist. Insect. iii.
Lumbricus terrestris, Willis, Oper. Omn. ii. 18. tab. 4. Linn. Syst.
var. B. 1076; Faun. Suec. 2nd edit. 504. Müll. Zool. Dan. Prod.
no. 2602; Verm. i. ii. 24. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 33. tab. 19. f. 6,
& edit. 1812, iv. 63. pl. 20. f. 1. Turt. Gmel. iv. 58. Turt. Brit.
Faun. 128. Home, Comp. Anat. iv. pl. 40. f. 4, & pl. 145, 146, 147,

148 & 149. Stew. Elem. ii. 354. Stark, Elem. ii. 141. Leach in Supp. Encyclop. Brit. i. 451. pl. 26. Blainville in Dict. des Sc. nat. Atlas, pl. fig. omn. Blumenbach, Nat. Hist. Transl. 241. Templeton in Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 234. Garner's Staffordsh.

331.

Ver de terre, Bonnet, Insect. ii. 212. pl. 3. Lyonnet in Lesser's Insect. Theol. i. 156. pl. 2. f. 3.

The Lumbricus or Earth-worm, Smellie, Phil. Nat. Hist. i. 99 & ii.
123.

Common Earth-worm, White's Selborne, ii. 14 & 279; Edin. Phil.
Journ. iii. 412 & ix. 409. Loudon's Suburb. Horticult. 94. J. E.
Gray in Ann. Nat. Hist. ix. 234. Loudon's Garden. Mag. xvii.
212 (1841).

Lumbricus terrester, Blumenb. Man. 241. pl. fig. 7. Grube, Ann. 99.
Lumbricus terrestris norvegicus, Fabric. Faun. Grænl. 277.

Lumbricus maximus, Mus. Leach.

Lumbricus trapezoides, Dugès in Ann. des Sc. nat. xv. 289 & 291.
pl. 9. f. 13, 14 & 21.

Lumbricus herculeus, Dugès in Ann. des Sc. Nat. ser. 2. viii. 21.
Lumbricus agricola, Hoffmeister, Art. der Regenw. 5. pl. f. 1. opt.
The Lob-worm or Dew-worm, Hofland's Angler's Man. 9.

The Earth-, Lob-, or Dew-worm, Stoddart's Ang. Compan. 110.
Younger on River Angling, 76.

B. Lumbricus festivus, Dugès in Ann. des Sc. nat. ser. 2. viii. 21. pl. 1.
f. 6.

Hab. A loose rich soil, more especially a recent vegetable mould. Common everywhere.

Obs. The skin reflects a beautiful blue iridescence, more especially from the dorsal margins of the segments. The basis of the spines (as in most of our species) is of a clear brown (fig. 1); the spinets are colourless (fig. 2).

(a) Spring Grove, Mus. Leach.

(b) Hammersmith, Dr. J. E. Gray.

(c) Berwick, Dr. Johnston.

B. (a) Berwick, Dr. Johnston.

2. L. minor, clitellus of seven or eight segments, on the anterior third of the body; vulvæ on the 16th segment; post-occipital segment unmarked with furrows; anal extremity roundish, not spathulate. Length 2-3".

Lumbrici minores, rubicundi, majoribus concolores, Raii Hist. In-
sect. iii.

Lumbricus terrestris, Linn. Faun. Suec. 2nd edit. 504. Fabric. Faun.
Grænl. 276?

Lumbricus terrestris minor, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 33. pl. 19. f. 6 A.

Lumbricus pulchellus, Mus. Leach.

Lumbricus amphisbæna?, Dugès in Ann. des Sc. nat. xv. 293.

Lumbricus pygmæus?, Grube, Fam. Annel. 100.

The Marsh-worm, Stoddart, Angl. Comp. 112. Hofland, Angl. Man. 10.
The Red-Head, Stoddart, Angl. Comp. 113.

The Red Worm, Hofland, Angl. Man. 10.

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